Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at th...Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is proven to be safe in treating various neurological conditions in children and adolescents.It is also an effective method in the treatment of OCD in adults.AIM...BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is proven to be safe in treating various neurological conditions in children and adolescents.It is also an effective method in the treatment of OCD in adults.AIM To assess the safety and efficacy of tDCS as an add-on therapy in drug-naive adolescents with OCD.METHODS We studied drug-naïve adolescents with OCD,using a Children’s Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale(CY-BOCS)scale to assess their condition.Both active and sham groups were given fluoxetine,and we applied cathode and anode over the supplementary motor area and deltoid for 20 min in 10 sessions.Reassessment occurred at 2,6,and 12 wk using CY-BOCS.RESULTS Eighteen adolescents completed the study(10-active,8-sham group).CY-BOCS scores from baseline to 12 wk reduced significantly in both groups but change at baseline to 2 wk was significant in the active group only.The mean change at 2 wk was more in the active group(11.8±7.77 vs 5.25±2.22,P=0.056).Adverse effects between the groups were comparable.CONCLUSION tDCS is safe and well tolerated for the treatment of OCD in adolescents.However,there is a need for further studies with a larger sample population to confirm the effectiveness of tDCS as early augmentation in OCD in this population.展开更多
This paper focuses on Gauss principle of least compulsion for relative motion dynamics and derives differential equations of motion from it. Firstly, starting from the dynamic equation of the relative motion of partic...This paper focuses on Gauss principle of least compulsion for relative motion dynamics and derives differential equations of motion from it. Firstly, starting from the dynamic equation of the relative motion of particles, we give the Gauss principle of relative motion dynamics. By constructing a compulsion function of relative motion, we prove that at any instant, its real motion minimizes the compulsion function under Gaussian variation, compared with the possible motions with the same configuration and velocity but different accelerations. Secondly, the formula of acceleration energy and the formula of compulsion function for relative motion are derived because the carried body is rigid and moving in a plane. Thirdly, the Gauss principle we obtained is expressed as Appell, Lagrange, and Nielsen forms in generalized coordinates. Utilizing Gauss principle, the dynamical equations of relative motion are established. Finally, two relative motion examples also verify the results' correctness.展开更多
Bipolar disorder presents significant challenges in clinical management, characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania often accompanied by impairment in functioning. This study investigates the efficacy...Bipolar disorder presents significant challenges in clinical management, characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania often accompanied by impairment in functioning. This study investigates the efficacy of pharmacological interventions and rehabilitation strategies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Utilizing a randomized controlled trial with multiple treatment arms, participants will receive pharmacotherapy, polypharmacotherapy, rehabilitation interventions, or combination treatments. Outcome measures will be assessed using standardized scales, including the Hamilton Depression Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and Mania Scale. Preliminary data suggest improvements in symptom severity and functional outcomes with combination treatments. This research aims to inform clinical practice, guide treatment decisions, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for individuals living with bipolar disorder. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences to advance knowledge in this field.展开更多
文摘Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.
文摘BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)is proven to be safe in treating various neurological conditions in children and adolescents.It is also an effective method in the treatment of OCD in adults.AIM To assess the safety and efficacy of tDCS as an add-on therapy in drug-naive adolescents with OCD.METHODS We studied drug-naïve adolescents with OCD,using a Children’s Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale(CY-BOCS)scale to assess their condition.Both active and sham groups were given fluoxetine,and we applied cathode and anode over the supplementary motor area and deltoid for 20 min in 10 sessions.Reassessment occurred at 2,6,and 12 wk using CY-BOCS.RESULTS Eighteen adolescents completed the study(10-active,8-sham group).CY-BOCS scores from baseline to 12 wk reduced significantly in both groups but change at baseline to 2 wk was significant in the active group only.The mean change at 2 wk was more in the active group(11.8±7.77 vs 5.25±2.22,P=0.056).Adverse effects between the groups were comparable.CONCLUSION tDCS is safe and well tolerated for the treatment of OCD in adolescents.However,there is a need for further studies with a larger sample population to confirm the effectiveness of tDCS as early augmentation in OCD in this population.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12272248, 11972241)。
文摘This paper focuses on Gauss principle of least compulsion for relative motion dynamics and derives differential equations of motion from it. Firstly, starting from the dynamic equation of the relative motion of particles, we give the Gauss principle of relative motion dynamics. By constructing a compulsion function of relative motion, we prove that at any instant, its real motion minimizes the compulsion function under Gaussian variation, compared with the possible motions with the same configuration and velocity but different accelerations. Secondly, the formula of acceleration energy and the formula of compulsion function for relative motion are derived because the carried body is rigid and moving in a plane. Thirdly, the Gauss principle we obtained is expressed as Appell, Lagrange, and Nielsen forms in generalized coordinates. Utilizing Gauss principle, the dynamical equations of relative motion are established. Finally, two relative motion examples also verify the results' correctness.
文摘Bipolar disorder presents significant challenges in clinical management, characterized by recurrent episodes of depression and mania often accompanied by impairment in functioning. This study investigates the efficacy of pharmacological interventions and rehabilitation strategies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Utilizing a randomized controlled trial with multiple treatment arms, participants will receive pharmacotherapy, polypharmacotherapy, rehabilitation interventions, or combination treatments. Outcome measures will be assessed using standardized scales, including the Hamilton Depression Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and Mania Scale. Preliminary data suggest improvements in symptom severity and functional outcomes with combination treatments. This research aims to inform clinical practice, guide treatment decisions, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for individuals living with bipolar disorder. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences to advance knowledge in this field.
