The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the c...The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.展开更多
The Altomani&Sons Collection owns a remarkable newly discovered portrait of Guidobaldo II della Rovere,Duke of Urbino(1514-1574),a historical military figure who was a condottiere,ruler of Urbino,Commander-in-chie...The Altomani&Sons Collection owns a remarkable newly discovered portrait of Guidobaldo II della Rovere,Duke of Urbino(1514-1574),a historical military figure who was a condottiere,ruler of Urbino,Commander-in-chief of the Papal Estate,and Perfect of Rome,as well as a collector and patron of the Fine Arts.Camilla Guerrieri Nati(1628-1694),a seventeenth-century Italian painter from Fossombrone(in the province of Pesaro and Urbino),portrayed this heroic personage surrounded by emblems associated with his military courage and leadership,including his plumed burgonet helmet,metal gilded armor,a necklace with the golden fleece,and batons of secular and religious dominions.This oil painting on copper-considered a precious metal at the time-emphasizes the importance of the commission.The material and technique also reveals a unique artistic achievement in that it provides the painting with a smooth,reflective surface and vibrant coloration,symbolizing precious imagery.展开更多
As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The ...As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.展开更多
A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Jap...A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Japanese architecture and indoor designs from the perspective of semiotics,such as“Kongji,”“Emptiness,”and“Dying out,”and their minimalist and pure design concepts.Traditional Chinese culture was also further explored,especially the profound influence of the“Chan sect”and the philosophy of“unity of heaven and mankind”on Japanese architecture and designs.This study aims to facilitate the coexistence and mutual appreciation of Chinese and Japanese architectural designs.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter concerns the development of approximately bi-similar symbolic models for a discrete-time interconnected switched system(DT-ISS).The DT-ISS under consideration is formed by connecting multiple s...Dear Editor,This letter concerns the development of approximately bi-similar symbolic models for a discrete-time interconnected switched system(DT-ISS).The DT-ISS under consideration is formed by connecting multiple switched systems known as component switched systems(CSSs).Although the problem of constructing approximately bi-similar symbolic models for DT-ISS has been addressed in some literature,the previous works have relied on the assumption that all the subsystems of CSSs are incrementally input-state stable.展开更多
Cultural symbols,a manifestation of cities’cultural resources,are not only signs that frame concepts but also forms that express meanings.Exploring the international communication of cities from the perspective of sy...Cultural symbols,a manifestation of cities’cultural resources,are not only signs that frame concepts but also forms that express meanings.Exploring the international communication of cities from the perspective of symbols,this paper analyzes in depth how cities create their cultural symbols in the dynamic process of international communication in an era of symbol-based digital media,and how they develop their narratives and explain meanings through the dissemination of symbols when telling their stories to international audiences,thus enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of their international communication efforts.展开更多
The novel Lord of the Flies was published in 1954, since then, a lot of praise, including the honor of the Nobel Prize in literature, was given to the novel and its author. The magic of the novel lies in something und...The novel Lord of the Flies was published in 1954, since then, a lot of praise, including the honor of the Nobel Prize in literature, was given to the novel and its author. The magic of the novel lies in something under the surface meaning of the novel itself. With symbolism as a main figurative device, there are various symbols in this novel. Symbol, in literature, is a thing that refers or suggests something more than its literal meaning. In this novel, a lot of symbols are employed, some of them are obvious, others are obscure. This paper will focus on the objective symbols, the things and the people that can be seen by our eyes.展开更多
This thesis aims to analysis the varied and meaningful symbols in Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton,which,without doubt,will help enhance the understanding of this classic novel.
Sherwood Anderson is an American famous short story writer.The most enduring work of his is the short story sequence Winesburg,Ohio.He is good at capturing the real sound of everyday speech in his writing and creating...Sherwood Anderson is an American famous short story writer.The most enduring work of his is the short story sequence Winesburg,Ohio.He is good at capturing the real sound of everyday speech in his writing and creating it in new forms and styles.And Death in the Woods is considered as one of his most distinctive stories.It depicts a miserable old woman who feeds others all her life by using symbols to enrich the simple story.This paper intends to reveal the author's deep reflection of American's indifferent and apathetic attitudes in the whole society by means of the symbols of the person,color and dog.展开更多
The line cartographic symbol located on the boundary and the point cartographic symbol located by single point are the main body and stress of the map. The cartographic symbols are divided into point, line and area sy...The line cartographic symbol located on the boundary and the point cartographic symbol located by single point are the main body and stress of the map. The cartographic symbols are divided into point, line and area symbol in cartography and traditional educational books, but up to now there is only qualitative description about the three kinds of symbols, there are not the mathematical definitions of point, line and area symbols. This paper tries to solve the problem. The authors propose the mathematical definition about point, line and area cartographic symbol according to the theory of topology and expound their dependence relation.展开更多
In this article,we study some characterizations of Toeplitz operators with positive operator-valued function as symbols on the vector-valued generalized Bargmann-Fock spaces Fψ^2.Main results including Fock-Carleson ...In this article,we study some characterizations of Toeplitz operators with positive operator-valued function as symbols on the vector-valued generalized Bargmann-Fock spaces Fψ^2.Main results including Fock-Carleson condition,bounded Toeplitz operators,compact Toeplitz operators,and Toeplitz operators in the Schatten-p class are all considered.展开更多
Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high...Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high spectral efficiency and low peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR). Therefore, the QCE-OFDM technique is considered as a promising candidate multi-carrier technique for satellite systems. However, the Doppler effect will cause the carrier frequency offset(CFO), and the non-ideal oscillator will cause the carrier phase offset(CPO) in satellite systems. The CFO and CPO will further result in the bit-error-rate(BER) performance degradation. Hence, it is important to estimate and compensate the CFO and CPO. This paper analyzes the effects of both CFO and CPO in QCE-OFDM satellite systems. Furthermore, we propose a joint CFO and CPO estimation method based on the pilot symbols in the frequency domain. In addition, the optimal pilot symbol structure with different pilot overheads is designed according to the minimum Cramer-Rao bound(CRB) criterion. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method is close to the CRB.展开更多
Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)is a famous British Novelists.His excellent works have a far-reaching significance to the later gen erations.Treating his The Mayor of Casterbridge as a text,this paper is aimed to detect Hardy&...Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)is a famous British Novelists.His excellent works have a far-reaching significance to the later gen erations.Treating his The Mayor of Casterbridge as a text,this paper is aimed to detect Hardy's implied meanings of the symbols in a through textual analysis.This thesis is divided into three parts.The first part is the the symbol of the bridges.The second part deals with the symbol of the mel ody.Part three explores other symbols in The Mayor of Casterbridge.The symbols are all deliberately chosen in this book by the author to transmit his tragic view.Through the symbols of the bridges,the melody,the church,the tractor,the railway…,the author's tragic view is well presented.By the research of each of those three parts,the conclusion of Hardy's functions of the symbols can be drawn.展开更多
In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otr...In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otranto with mosaics. This Italian Romanesque cathedral was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata or Saint Mary of The Annunciation. In the interior, the floor design in the shape of a tree contains an elaborate biblical program. The encyclopedic narrative of the mosaic symbolically unveils the meaning of the Tree of Life. The ieonography of the pavement＇s program combines biblical and pagan narratives evolving from a natural realm into a heavenly realm. The natural realm begins at the church＇s entrance with the symbolism of the earth-the roots of a tree-expanding through the nave and transept via the tree＇s trunk and its branches, culminating in the apse, at the end of the church, with the foliage oftbe top of the tree. This natural realm meets with the heavenly realm in two ways： at the crossing of the church or at the sacrificial altar, and at the apse of the church. Before reaching the altar or holy area, between the natural realm and the heavenly realm, the zodiac signs with the labors of the months are depicted.展开更多
The construction of thematic map symbols is a very complex and intellectually demanding process,but thematic symbols can be automatically generated and easily shared on the web using the syntactic structure of semanti...The construction of thematic map symbols is a very complex and intellectually demanding process,but thematic symbols can be automatically generated and easily shared on the web using the syntactic structure of semantic symbols.In this paper,the symbol types,inner structure,and design pattern are discussed.A syntactic construction theory based on letter (thematic maps primitive)-word (single thematic symbol)-sentence (combined symbols or complex symbols) structure model is proposed to automate the construction of thematic map symbols.As a result of this research,symbols can be defined using cartographic primitives which are arranged according to syntactic principles.A semiotic model and word-centered construction theory can be integrated into interactive cartography as represented by the technology of Internet.Finally,the concepts and schema of this theory are discussed,and some examples are presented based a web thematic cartographic system to verify its utility.展开更多
A mathematical model of perceptual symbol system is developed. This development requires new mathematical methods of dynamic logic (DL), which have overcome limitations of classical artificial intelligence and connect...A mathematical model of perceptual symbol system is developed. This development requires new mathematical methods of dynamic logic (DL), which have overcome limitations of classical artificial intelligence and connectionist approaches. The paper discusses these past limitations, relates them to combinatorial complexity (exponential explosion) of algorithms in the past, and relates it further to the static nature of classical logic. DL is a process-logic;its salient property is evolution of vague representations into crisp. We first consider one aspect of PSS: situation learning from object perceptions. Next DL is related to PSS mechanisms of concepts, simulators, grounding, embodiment, productiveity, binding, recursion, and to the mechanisms relating embodied-grounded and amodal symbols. We discuss DL capability for modeling cognition on multiple levels of abstraction. PSS is extended toward interaction between cognition and language. Experimental predictions of the theory are discussed. They might influence experimental psychology and impact future theoretical developments in cognitive science, including knowledge representation, and mechanisms of interaction between perception, cognition, and language. All mathematical equations are also discussed conceptually, so mathematical understanding is not required. Experimental evidence for DL and PSS in brain imaging is discussed as well as future research directions.展开更多
文摘The article takes the famous modern American Jewish writer Bernard Malamud’s novel The Magic Barrel as the object of study,and uses symbolism to interpret it,analyzing it one by one in terms of the magic barrel,the colors,the seasons and the windows,respectively,so as to reveal the process of getting rid of the childishness within the novel’s male protagonist,Leo Finkel,who is maturing,as well as the novel’s Jewish theme of searching for the soul of the self.
文摘The Altomani&Sons Collection owns a remarkable newly discovered portrait of Guidobaldo II della Rovere,Duke of Urbino(1514-1574),a historical military figure who was a condottiere,ruler of Urbino,Commander-in-chief of the Papal Estate,and Perfect of Rome,as well as a collector and patron of the Fine Arts.Camilla Guerrieri Nati(1628-1694),a seventeenth-century Italian painter from Fossombrone(in the province of Pesaro and Urbino),portrayed this heroic personage surrounded by emblems associated with his military courage and leadership,including his plumed burgonet helmet,metal gilded armor,a necklace with the golden fleece,and batons of secular and religious dominions.This oil painting on copper-considered a precious metal at the time-emphasizes the importance of the commission.The material and technique also reveals a unique artistic achievement in that it provides the painting with a smooth,reflective surface and vibrant coloration,symbolizing precious imagery.
基金supported by the Meteorological Soft Science Project(Grant No.2023ZZXM29)the Natural Science Fund Project of Tianjin,China(Grant No.21JCYBJC00740)the Key Research and Development-Social Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2021685).
文摘As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.
基金Department of Education in Yunnan Province Fund for Scientific Research,Research on the Origin Tracing of the Traditional Architectures of Limi People of Yunnan Yi Ethnic Group(No.2022Y658).
文摘A symbol is an expression of meaning,while blank symbols express special meanings.By focusing on the application of blank symbols in Japanese architecture and indoor designs,we analyzed the aesthetic principles in Japanese architecture and indoor designs from the perspective of semiotics,such as“Kongji,”“Emptiness,”and“Dying out,”and their minimalist and pure design concepts.Traditional Chinese culture was also further explored,especially the profound influence of the“Chan sect”and the philosophy of“unity of heaven and mankind”on Japanese architecture and designs.This study aims to facilitate the coexistence and mutual appreciation of Chinese and Japanese architectural designs.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(21ZR1423400)the National Natural Science Funds of China(62173217)NSFC/Royal Society Cooperation and Exchange Project(62111530154,IEC\NSFC\201107).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter concerns the development of approximately bi-similar symbolic models for a discrete-time interconnected switched system(DT-ISS).The DT-ISS under consideration is formed by connecting multiple switched systems known as component switched systems(CSSs).Although the problem of constructing approximately bi-similar symbolic models for DT-ISS has been addressed in some literature,the previous works have relied on the assumption that all the subsystems of CSSs are incrementally input-state stable.
文摘Cultural symbols,a manifestation of cities’cultural resources,are not only signs that frame concepts but also forms that express meanings.Exploring the international communication of cities from the perspective of symbols,this paper analyzes in depth how cities create their cultural symbols in the dynamic process of international communication in an era of symbol-based digital media,and how they develop their narratives and explain meanings through the dissemination of symbols when telling their stories to international audiences,thus enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of their international communication efforts.
文摘The novel Lord of the Flies was published in 1954, since then, a lot of praise, including the honor of the Nobel Prize in literature, was given to the novel and its author. The magic of the novel lies in something under the surface meaning of the novel itself. With symbolism as a main figurative device, there are various symbols in this novel. Symbol, in literature, is a thing that refers or suggests something more than its literal meaning. In this novel, a lot of symbols are employed, some of them are obvious, others are obscure. This paper will focus on the objective symbols, the things and the people that can be seen by our eyes.
文摘This thesis aims to analysis the varied and meaningful symbols in Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton,which,without doubt,will help enhance the understanding of this classic novel.
文摘Sherwood Anderson is an American famous short story writer.The most enduring work of his is the short story sequence Winesburg,Ohio.He is good at capturing the real sound of everyday speech in his writing and creating it in new forms and styles.And Death in the Woods is considered as one of his most distinctive stories.It depicts a miserable old woman who feeds others all her life by using symbols to enrich the simple story.This paper intends to reveal the author's deep reflection of American's indifferent and apathetic attitudes in the whole society by means of the symbols of the person,color and dog.
文摘The line cartographic symbol located on the boundary and the point cartographic symbol located by single point are the main body and stress of the map. The cartographic symbols are divided into point, line and area symbol in cartography and traditional educational books, but up to now there is only qualitative description about the three kinds of symbols, there are not the mathematical definitions of point, line and area symbols. This paper tries to solve the problem. The authors propose the mathematical definition about point, line and area cartographic symbol according to the theory of topology and expound their dependence relation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11471084,11301101,11971125)Young Innovative Talent Project of Department of Edcucation of Guangdong Province(2017KQNCX220)the Natural Research Project of Zhaoqing University(221622).
文摘In this article,we study some characterizations of Toeplitz operators with positive operator-valued function as symbols on the vector-valued generalized Bargmann-Fock spaces Fψ^2.Main results including Fock-Carleson condition,bounded Toeplitz operators,compact Toeplitz operators,and Toeplitz operators in the Schatten-p class are all considered.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91438114,No.61372111 and No.61601045)
文摘Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high spectral efficiency and low peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR). Therefore, the QCE-OFDM technique is considered as a promising candidate multi-carrier technique for satellite systems. However, the Doppler effect will cause the carrier frequency offset(CFO), and the non-ideal oscillator will cause the carrier phase offset(CPO) in satellite systems. The CFO and CPO will further result in the bit-error-rate(BER) performance degradation. Hence, it is important to estimate and compensate the CFO and CPO. This paper analyzes the effects of both CFO and CPO in QCE-OFDM satellite systems. Furthermore, we propose a joint CFO and CPO estimation method based on the pilot symbols in the frequency domain. In addition, the optimal pilot symbol structure with different pilot overheads is designed according to the minimum Cramer-Rao bound(CRB) criterion. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method is close to the CRB.
文摘Thomas Hardy(1840-1928)is a famous British Novelists.His excellent works have a far-reaching significance to the later gen erations.Treating his The Mayor of Casterbridge as a text,this paper is aimed to detect Hardy's implied meanings of the symbols in a through textual analysis.This thesis is divided into three parts.The first part is the the symbol of the bridges.The second part deals with the symbol of the mel ody.Part three explores other symbols in The Mayor of Casterbridge.The symbols are all deliberately chosen in this book by the author to transmit his tragic view.Through the symbols of the bridges,the melody,the church,the tractor,the railway…,the author's tragic view is well presented.By the research of each of those three parts,the conclusion of Hardy's functions of the symbols can be drawn.
文摘In 1163, Archbishop Gionata, Abbot of the Monastery of San Nicola of Casole in Puglia （Apulia）, commissioned Pantaleone, a learned monk and artist from the monastery, to decorate the pavement of the cathedral of Otranto with mosaics. This Italian Romanesque cathedral was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata or Saint Mary of The Annunciation. In the interior, the floor design in the shape of a tree contains an elaborate biblical program. The encyclopedic narrative of the mosaic symbolically unveils the meaning of the Tree of Life. The ieonography of the pavement＇s program combines biblical and pagan narratives evolving from a natural realm into a heavenly realm. The natural realm begins at the church＇s entrance with the symbolism of the earth-the roots of a tree-expanding through the nave and transept via the tree＇s trunk and its branches, culminating in the apse, at the end of the church, with the foliage oftbe top of the tree. This natural realm meets with the heavenly realm in two ways： at the crossing of the church or at the sacrificial altar, and at the apse of the church. Before reaching the altar or holy area, between the natural realm and the heavenly realm, the zodiac signs with the labors of the months are depicted.
文摘The construction of thematic map symbols is a very complex and intellectually demanding process,but thematic symbols can be automatically generated and easily shared on the web using the syntactic structure of semantic symbols.In this paper,the symbol types,inner structure,and design pattern are discussed.A syntactic construction theory based on letter (thematic maps primitive)-word (single thematic symbol)-sentence (combined symbols or complex symbols) structure model is proposed to automate the construction of thematic map symbols.As a result of this research,symbols can be defined using cartographic primitives which are arranged according to syntactic principles.A semiotic model and word-centered construction theory can be integrated into interactive cartography as represented by the technology of Internet.Finally,the concepts and schema of this theory are discussed,and some examples are presented based a web thematic cartographic system to verify its utility.
文摘A mathematical model of perceptual symbol system is developed. This development requires new mathematical methods of dynamic logic (DL), which have overcome limitations of classical artificial intelligence and connectionist approaches. The paper discusses these past limitations, relates them to combinatorial complexity (exponential explosion) of algorithms in the past, and relates it further to the static nature of classical logic. DL is a process-logic;its salient property is evolution of vague representations into crisp. We first consider one aspect of PSS: situation learning from object perceptions. Next DL is related to PSS mechanisms of concepts, simulators, grounding, embodiment, productiveity, binding, recursion, and to the mechanisms relating embodied-grounded and amodal symbols. We discuss DL capability for modeling cognition on multiple levels of abstraction. PSS is extended toward interaction between cognition and language. Experimental predictions of the theory are discussed. They might influence experimental psychology and impact future theoretical developments in cognitive science, including knowledge representation, and mechanisms of interaction between perception, cognition, and language. All mathematical equations are also discussed conceptually, so mathematical understanding is not required. Experimental evidence for DL and PSS in brain imaging is discussed as well as future research directions.
