Reacting to Epidemics:The Innovative Imperial Public Health System during the Late Northern Song Dynasty

Song China was a period in which China experienced a great increase in its population.Concurrently,the Song dynasty also experienced a rise in the frequency of epidemics and two major wars with the Western Xia and Liao dynasties during the 1000s and 1040s.The consequences of these changes were exacerbated by the increased geographical mobility of certain social groups such as traders and examinees attending civil service examinations.Thus,casualties of wars,epidemics,or disease,especially of people whose families were far away and could not care for them were left without care and“their corpses often lay bare along the roads.”This new social environment created a need for general relief.The Northern Song government(960-1127 CE),especially during the reign of Emperor Huizong,established an innovative public health system to address this issue.The public health system included poorhouses,public hospitals,and pauper’s cemeteries.The first were more of charity organizations,whereas the latter two promoted public health by providing medical services for the poor and burial for those that nobody cared for.In terms of rationale behind these institutions,on the one hand,they constituted an attempt to get the poor and homeless off the streets while providing them relief or burial.On the other hand,it seems that Huizong’s deep concern with medicine propelled him to design and implement a comprehensive public health system oriented to prevent contagion and outbreak of epidemics.This article depicts the background,the organization,and the functions of the system.The article also discusses the conditions and reasons that gave rise to such a unique undertaking by the Northern Song government.

Intertextuality in“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”

T.S.Eliot was a leader of the Modernist movement in poetry.His early poem The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock reveals the disappointment,loss,confusion and lack of faith that prevailed in Western society after the World WarⅠ.In this paper,the text of Love Song will be assessed from the perspective of intertextuality through the connection of the fantasy world and the disconnection of the real world.

An analysis of“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”

T.S.Eliot 's poem,"The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock",different and unusual,is difficult to interpret.T.S.Eliot rejects logic connection,thus his poems lack logic interpretation.He himself justifies himself by saying:he wrote it to want it to be difficult.The dissociation of sensibility,on the contrary,arouses the emotion of readers immediately.

Justifying the Choice and Use of a Game and a Song in My Lesson

Games and songs can bring a lot of pleasure to children. They are useful tools in children's language learning. As English teachers, we should know how to make full use of them to stimulate children's interest and promote their learning. In this essay, I will take one primary English lesson as an example to demonstrate my point. First I am going to talk about the advantages of using a game and a song, and then analyze the teaching or learning context and the activities in the lesson. At last I am going to focus on how and why to use the game and the song in the classroom. In a word, I am going to justify my choice and use of a game and a song in a revision lesson.

Transitivity Analysis of Robert Browning's pippa's Song

This article adopts Halliday's transitivity mold to analyze pippa's song from the aspect of ideational meta-function in order to reveal how the author expressed his intended meaning using images.After analysis,we can clear know the way how the poet express the thematic and aesthetic of the poem.

Discussed in the early 80s Taiwan campus song shallowly to mainland pop music influence

The twentieth century the seventies and eighties of the modern influx of Chinese mainland pop music-music school in Taiwan,with its pristine purity of musical styles,catchy melodies fresh,really meaningful lyrics,the arrangement is simple and unique form of singing affect generation after gen-eration of young people. It is both spirited and close to the voice of young people (especially close to the university campus life),among young people a strong resonance. At the same time,it is the emergence of China's Mainland the concept of pop mu-sic’s aesthetic,value orientation,creative tactics,techniques and style of singing had a dramatic impact,as well as future changes in the mainland pop and development has injected new impetus.

Behind ＂Pop Songs Between 1930s and 1940s in Shanghai＂ Aesthetic Release of Eros Utopia

＂Pop Songs between 1930s and 1940s in Shanghai＂ contains the artistic phenomenon with the utopian feature. Its main objective lies in the will instead of hope. The era endows different aesthetic utopian meanings to ＂Pop Songs between 1930s and 1940s in Shanghai＂. After 2010, the utopian change of such songs is closely related to the contradiction between ＂aesthetic imagination and reality＂, and ＂individual interest and integrated social interest＂ that are intrinsic in the utopian concept. To sort out the utopian process of those songs, it is helpful for correcting the current status about the weakened critical realism function of the current art, and accelerating the arousal of the literary and artistic creation, and individual consciousness, laying equal stress on and gathering the aesthetic power of these individuals, which provides solid foundation for the generalization of aesthetic utopian significance.

Analysis on the Characteristics of Singing Liao Songs with Male Voice in Pingguo of Guangxi

Liao songs are the cultural and artistic products brewed by the people of Zhuang ethnic minority for thousand years. In this paper, the style and characteristics of singing Zhuang ethnic minority＇s Liao songs with male＇s two-part voice in Guangxi are mainly introduced through an analysis of vocal music and the study on the performance forms, singing language characteristics, and vocal music and resonance is mainly included, and also the important significance of singing Zhuang ethnic minority＇s Liao songs with male＇s two-part voice is discussed. Also, it is compared with the modern Chinese folk singing styles.

The“Emperor’s Edict”and the Emperor’s power in the Southern Song Dynasty

“Emperor’s Edict”refers to the writing of emperor himself.In the context of serving as official document,it refers to the special writ issued by emperor for sake of administering national affairs.In the official document system of Song Dynasty,“Emperor’s Edict”had always been an attention of the scholars and officials at that time due to its unusual functions in terms of drafting,promulgation and power.The Southern Song Dynasty was generally conceived by academic circles as a period when the“Administration by Emperor’s Edict”was gradually phased out.We did observe,however,with“Emperor’s Edict”placed in historical panorama of the early years of Southern Song Dynasty,an ever-strengthened power and prowess of“Emperor’s Edict”as backlit by several historical incidents such as Emperor Gaozong’s controlling and manipulating by“Emperor’s Edict”of the national armies.It reflects the political truth of strengthened imperial power in the Southern Song Dynasty.Hence,we can have access to another facet of the politics of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Song Jian on China's Intellectual Property Protection

On June 29 this year, Mr. Song Jian, State Councillor and Minister of the State Scientific and Technology Commission, was elected chairman at the 1995 Annual Meeting of the Chinese Group of the Association for the International Protection of Industrial Property (AIPPI). A leader in China’s scientific field and world-renowned expert, Mr. Song fully recognizes the positive role played by the Chinese Group of the AIPPI in promoting the establishment and development of China’s intellectual property system, expanding relations

The use of “Objective Correlative” Theory in T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock

“Objective Correlative”theory was first proposed by T.S. Eliot, who holds that people’s emotion can find expression in a series of objective correlative. In his poem The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock, the use of objective correlative fully reflects and reveals modern people’s loneliness, futility and alienation.

Myth and Archetype in Song of Solomon

Toni Morrison is famous for her ability of weaving reality and myth in her literary creation. Analysis from the perspective of myth and archetypal criticism found that her third novel, Song of Solomon, depicts African myth of flying and the archetype of hero's initiation. In the novel, Morrison not only employs the myth of flying as her structuring device, but also treats it as the symbol of Afro-Americans physical and spiritual freedom. In the frame of searching flying ancestors, Morrison portrays how the protagonist, Milkman, experiences the archetypal hero's initiation phrases: separation, transformation and return. In the novel, by employing the myth of flying and the archetype of hero's initiation, Morrison implies that in order to get spiritual freedom,Afro-Americans must return to tradition and find their cultural root.

Effect of Six Different Acoustic Frequencies on Growth of Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata)during Its Seedling Stage

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of sound waves with different types and frequency characteristics on the growth of cowpea（Vigna unguiculata）during seedling stage.[Method] The insect-music mixed sound（MI）,cuckoo acoustic song,cricket acoustic song,single 400 Hz frequency sound wave,F5 and Fn sound waves composed of different frequencies were designed to investigate their effects on height and weight of cowpea seedling,and experimental data were statistically analyzed and multiple-compared by EXCEL.[Result] After treatment by sound waves with six different types and frequencies,the growth situations of cowpea were better than that in control.This indicated that sound waves could significantly promote height growth of plant.The treatments with good growth-promotion effect included 400 Hz frequency sound wave,cuckoo acoustic song and cricket acoustic song,followed by MI,Fn and F5.Cuckoo and cricket acoustic song treatment could promote the weight of cowpea seedling during seedling stage.[Conclusion] Sound waves with different types and frequency characteristics had significant growth-promotion effect on growth of cowpea during seedling stage,but their effects were different.

军事背景下的地方财政机构与高层财政区划——以北宋神宗时期的熙河路为例

北宋神宗年间,为配合西北拓边,实现对熙河的有效财政管理,并解决兵财分离模式的低效问题,熙河路出现兵财合一的官司并逐渐成为独立高层财政区划。一旦熙河趋于稳定,军事背景削弱,该趋势便明显逆向发展:各司分离,权力界限清晰,熙河重归陕西高层财政区划。军事背景下,北宋尝试通过地方高层机构军事与财政职能的融合及高层财政区划调整解决熙河财政困局,但中央对地方兵财合一后失控风险的忧虑使此过程充满反复。此外,熙河地方财政机构在本司收支平衡考量下侵夺中央财权反映了军事财政压力下央地财政关系的另一种取向。

Bill Morphology Does Not Influence Vocal Performance in Darwin’s Small Tree Finch on Floreana Island

Bird song is used for mate attraction and is important for establishing reproductive isolation. Current research highlights performance constraints on song production that may be influenced by variation in bill morphology. Darwin＇s finches are a model system for studying the relationship between morphology and song performance, with previous studies suggesting that lower vocal performance is correlated with larger bill size. Here, we tested for a relationship between bill morphology and vocal performance in Darwin＇s Small Tree Finch （Camarhynchus parvulus） on Floreana Island. We found no evidence of a correlation between bill morphology and vocal performance. This finding is in agreement with prior study of the Small Tree Finch, but contrasts a greater body of work addressing song in Darwin＇s Finches. We discussed our findings in the context of ecological divergence, and ecological variation across species.

基于C/S模式的KTV点歌系统的研究

随着人们物质生活水平的提高,娱乐活动受到人们更多的关注,KTV点歌系统受到人们的欢迎。首先该文从功能和可行性两个方面对系统的需求进行分析;其次对系统的概要设计和数据库设计进行详细的描述;最后给出了系统的部分实现。该文对于软件开发人员和KTV管理人员都具有一定的积极作用。

The Influence of Miao Nationality’s Culture in Yuan Xiang Region on the Later Poetry Creation of Qu Yuan

Miao culture is one of the minority cultures in China.It also has a certain impact on the development of Chinese literature and poetry.Chu ci is a new poetic style created by Qu Yuan,an ancient poet in China.It is the first collection of romantic poetry in the history of Chinese literature.Qu Yuan’s poetry creation is related to his life experience.Qu Yuan was exiled to Yuan Xiang region,and he had been in contact with the Miao ancestors in Yuan Xiang area during the exile.Therefore,the Miao land culture in Yuan Xiang area has a profound influence on Qu Yuan’s later poetry creation.This paper,taking Qu Yuan’s later poetry as an example,analyzes the influence of Miao culture on Chu ci in Yuan Xiang area,introduces Qu Yuan’s life and how to contact Miao culture,and probes into the influence of Miao nationality’s religious thought,customs,language and culture,oral folk song and pan song on the later poetry creation of Qu Yuan.

基于B/S的宋人唐诗观资源共享系统的实现

宋人唐诗观的嬗变与宋诗的发展方面的研究,大部分成就的共享方式是传统的方式。为了更好地对为宋人唐诗观的资料库进行信息化和数字化管理,文中提出了基于B/S架构的资源共享系统的实现方案,为研究者提供个性化信息服务,同时也是对古代文学学科的计算机辅助研究的前瞻性探索。系统分为表示层,业务处理层,数据持久层和数据库层,各个层次具备明确的界限和分工,在处理程序上都有明确的责任,不与其他层混合,具有良好的可扩展性和可维护性。

On the Use of Music in Paul Green's In Abraham's Bosom

This essay analyses Paul Green's use of music in his first long play In Abraham's Bosom and finds that music,especially the folk songs not only created authentic background for the story,but also strengthened the play's themes—black people's different attitudes toward tradition and the great difficulties for a black man to change his own and his people's fate.