A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries （II）

In this work, some important parts of the system, and the relation between the parts, and its connections with other systems are defined, explained briefly. With this respect, the nature of the person is defined with related parts. A new science branch called ＂information science＂ is defined. Importance of the political organizing of a political party is shortly explained. The necessity of the academies for public sector, private sector, and for political administration system is expressed. How to choose a person and how a person can be choose for any part of the system is defined. For both cases ＂good and/or correct＂ system criterions, determination of the criterions, and evaluation criterions are defined. New evaluation levels are defined based on the 8-basic senses in philosophical point of view to deepen the sensitivity of the evaluations. The importance of the situation notice and how to make it for each of the association are explained. The 10 main service parameters are defined to show the interactive relations between the ideology, services, person nature and others. Present and possible future problems of a country are expressed. Aims/targets are characterized with real approach for all related sides. Other systems which proposed to be connected to continuable political administration system are shortly defined and expressed. Way of system administration and administration types are shortly explained. The importance and ways of the decision making are expressed. The general ways, types of inspection are shortly explained. Official units that could be assign for the new system are defined. The importance of these units and of the persons that could be assign for these units are expressed together with the definition of the characteristics of the persons or groups that could be. The necessity of an action planning, possible supply and demand cases are defined scientifically. The importance and necessity of sense of justice is explained to make system continuable. The methods of determination of the policies/strategies are expressed.

A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries （I）

In this work all the political/non-political ideologies, 168 religions/beliefs/sects, nearly 1,600 ethnic origin groups are synthesized to define continuable political construction. It is found that all the past federations, confederations, empires, ideologies, political administration systems, thoughts and senses, doctrines, etc. are in fact each reflects a special functional processes within a general system of where the kinds of services, subjects of services, way of services, service types and persons are considered and placed as a factor in it and where these factors are arranged through different priorities, weights, and also taken under record with some rules. It is evaluated that each groups, communities, societies, countries are separate models, but at the same time each of them are factors which owns different beginning points to reach a correct country structure with five new separate groups （New Era Group, Progression of The Country Group, Unity of The Country Group, Values of The Country Group, Social Progression Group）. The continuable political administration system is defined here by considering the all possible parts and by considering the other systems eormected for a country. Possible forceful factors which can effect political system administration are given. To realize political construction, some political construction methods are defined： Political construction by putting together the values, political construction based on different value, Political construction based on the new defined values, Political construction which considers stepped transition and Ideal political construction which will carry the political points of views and other standards of judgement, points of views of persons to a same line are expressed. New ideologies are put forwarded and ideal political construction for a world country is given with details. Integration of the political groups, political ideologies to the new system is explained. Some methods of politics are mentioned. Persons related with politics are classified simply.

Countries＇ Union and Political/Non-Political Administration Systems for the World Countries

In this work, the author noticed that some/most of the problems in the world countries, are because of the past/present differences, disputes about ethnic origins, federation systems, political and/or religious ideologies, organizations, mythologies, religions/sects, organs of governments, party systems, political systems, basic senses, administrations, and others. Purpose of this work, is to solve these problems for all related sides in a country and/or in the world to obtain continuable （political/non-political） administrative system（s） for the world countries by considering countries＇ union theory. The author considered the ＂synthesis＂ method and evaluated, generally/specifically, all these subjects also related philosophy branches, present political ideology spectrums, power sources and structures, public administrations, science branches by considering nearly 12,000 years written historical period. The author also considered his personal contacts with nearly 80,000 people from different political/non-political groups, and from all different position levels of persons, directly/indirectly. The author defined 21 dimensions of the synthesis to categorise the problems, related solutions, and theories he found. General points that can be evaluate as positive and/or negative about each side are expressed. Basic important concepts and definitions about political/non-political administrations of a world country are defined. General types of organizations and administrations in the world are expressed together with some related problems in the present systems. Good and/or correct perspective that must be behind administration（s） is described. Categories and types of interacted sides are explained. Subjects of services mandatory for a world country are defined. Necessity of the new system（s） for two or more sides is expressed. General types of needs for each world country are defined and categorized due to the domestic and international needs and due to possible interaction between two or more sides. As a conclusion, new political/non-political methods are defined to solve general and specific administrative problems between sides in a world country or between different countries. Theory of countries＇ union system is defined. General principles and sense of justice which are necessary for establishing countries＇ union between any two countries are defined.

Japan’s Political Development in the Later Period of the Abe Administration and the Sino-Japanese Relationship

With Shinzo Abe's re-election as the president of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), the LDP regime appears to have entered on a stable trend of long-term governance. This also marks a later phase of the Abe administration has solidified its later phase, following Abe's second rise to power. The supremacy of the LDP and the administration of the basket of economic policies termed Abenomics have produced initial effects, and the overall climate of political opinion in Japan remains largely conservative, all factors favorable the continuance of Abe's regime. A major task in the future to cement AbeJ s political legacy would be amendment of Japan’ s pacifist constitution. Abe’ s political and security policies are likely not to change, namely, the promotion of multilateral cooperation in the US-Japan alliance, a moderate adjustment of Japan's China policy, and a return to utilitarian diplomacy to maximize Japan’s national interests. Thanks to the return of the Sino-Japanese relationship to the right track, the healthy development of bilateral relations depends on the consolidation of the political foundation, deepening mutually beneficial cooperation, and constructively managing and controlling disagreement.

Political Administration through the Network from the Perspective of Public Govemance

Political administration through the network is a positive response of the governmental governance model to the information age from the perspective of public governance. Political administration through the network means that public governance appears on the Internet and the government generates an interactive and interdependent relationship with the society and the public, for the ultimate purpose of archiving the public governance. In this paper, on the basis of public governance theory, the important significance and positive effect of the political administration through the network is shown by combining with the governmental governance model change in the information age.

New Administration Systems for the World Countries and Sense of Justice ＆ Continuity in the System Administration

In this work, some of the results of the synthesis about the administration systems are expressed. The Author defined four new case theories and 23 main methods, and defined five general political/non-political administration system categories for the world countries. Each system is defined with the related 12 sub blocs to solve the general and specific problems of communities, territories, states and/or countries. Each bloc includes presidency, council, committees, associations and R-autonomous construction. For each of these five administration system categories, and for each of their sub blocs, general/specific system administration construction is defined with its 21 blocs. Importance of both sense of justice and continuity/sustainability are described with the related 21 categories defined for each of these perspective. Types of system administration are defined for five categories of administration systems. General and specific characteristics and possible fundamental and representative duties of country presidency system are defined. Ideal political constructions are defined for each of five general administration system categories. Specific way of integration of the past and present politic/non-politic groups into the ideal political construction is defined in multi dimensional form. Constructional centrism, R-Centrism, R-Continuity, R-Democracy, R-Ideology, R-Philosophy, R-Progressive, R-Religion, R-Science, Progressive Religion, ideal stability chart and some other concepts are defined as constructional and/or complementary basics of the systems. Author defined a criterion to measure the value of a country. Effective weight function of a world country is defined as a mathematical function to inspect, observe the performance and progression of a country inside, and/or in the region, and/or in the world. Basic forms of government are re-constructed and/or re-defined as hybrid-powers for each of these five categories of administration systems and general comparison made with the past/present ones. New political constructions are proposed for different party systems, different federation systems in the world. Applications and realization of the four new case theories and 23 main methods are expressed for all world countries. Author defined new or re-constructed 20 regional unions for the world due to new case theories, and one of them （SEAEU） is already officially declared.

Myanmar＇s Political Transition and the Adjustments of U Thein Sein Administra-tion＇s Policies towards China

During 2010-2011, Myanmar started its political transition. The U Thein SeinAdministration has made obvious policy adjustments towards China after it replaced the Mili-tary government. However, such adjustments were limited, as Myanmar hasn＇t totally lean tothe West, but keeping relatively closer political contact with China. Empirical analysis showsthat political institu6on and ideology are not the key reasons leading to such adjustments？China-Myanmar relations had undergone fluctuation, osdlla6on and stability during 2011-2016, the root causes of which are the legality of political power, national security based ongeopolitics and economic development demands of＂ Myanmar people. Moreover, those threefactors remain the primary considerations of the NLD Government when it handling relationswith China.

Japanese Social Mentality and the Change in the Approval Rates of the Abe Administration

From June to July of 2017, the approval rates of the Abe administration fell sharply, in stark contrast to the long-term stability since 2012. The stability of Abe＇ s approval rates originated from the people＇ s negative support for him and their opposition to the Security Laws and other important events as well as the scandals under his administration. The opposition and negative support originated from the people＇s ＂acquired helplessness＂, ＂Abenomics＂, the sharp drop in the opporttmity costs of voting and other conditions. The sudden fall of Abe＇ s approval rates was not due to the change in the aforementioned conditions, rather because of the collapse of his image including personality owing to Abe＇ s perceived arrogance and his estrangement with the people. In the context of the temporary stabilization of approval rates, Abe dissolved the House of Representatives ahead of schedule and held a general election, taking full advantage of the internal strife between the opposition parties, to achieve his goal of ruling until the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. His victory in the recent election does not accurately demonstrate that Abe is completely immune to negative impact, thus he will to use the Korean Peninsula crisis and other issues to demonstrate his ability of safeguarding Japan＇s security, seek reconstruction of his image, and further enhance his approval rate to stabilize his administration.

基层形式主义的生成机理——基于行政发包异化的视角

基层形式主义破坏了政策的有效执行,扭曲了基层政府与民众之间的信任关系,进而削弱了社会治理效能和公共服务质量,其根源在于行政发包的异化。在中国场域中,行政发包制主要依靠政治激励、行政激励与经济激励运行,其异化主要表现在政治激励的异化、行政激励的矛盾以及经济激励的困境三个维度。政治激励的异化体现在人格化问责与以结果导向的绩效考核上;行政激励的矛盾表现在上下级权责不明确与基层政府的自由裁量权上;经济激励的困境显露在基层政府的财政不足以及财政资金自筹方面。三个维度的异化与负向强化,加剧了基层形式主义现象的发生。针对上述问题,希冀于将过程性监督引入并强化有限问责、健全落实权力清单制度以及完善财政收入分配和财政监督机制,旨在从根本上解决政治、行政、经济三维度存在的激励异化问题,以有效遏制基层形式主义的滋生。

The Public Service as an Actor of Political Network

This research analyzes the role of public service in the political networks. The status of civil servants in these networks is not obvious. On the one hand, the officials are surrounded by strict framework of regulations and law. They are not independent subjects of political decisions, but at the same time, they are the main sources of information needed for making political decisions. On the other hand, they actively interact with other actors of the political networks, including under informal conditions. In addition, high professional requirements for officials lead to the need of recruiting them into the elitist environment. Therefore, there often arises a conflict of interest due to their personal connections. Activating these links, officials are building patron-client relations, behaving as patrons for those who need to receive confidential information and as clients for the higher heads. Thus, civil servants use personal networks for carrying out their functions, and simultaneously use available official information for private gain.

China's Reform on Administrative System

Five Features of China’s Reform on Administrative System China started with the great historic process of Reform and Open-up more than 30 years ago.Since them,reform on China’s administrative system has been under way.To sum up the course of 30 odd years,the features of China’s reform on administrative system are as follows.First,as China’s reform made its first breakthrough in rural areas,

基于翻转课堂的药事管理学课程思政探索

翻转课堂重视学生主体地位,遵循学习规律,为专业课的课程思政提供了有效途径。以药事管理学为例,该文在一流本科课程建设中探索基于O-PIRTASCT翻转课堂模型的课程思政路径,兼顾学生知识学习、能力养成和思想政治素质的提升,有助于实现在知识学习早期形成价值认识,在学习中期产生价值认可,在学习后期达成价值认同,可为高校专业课课程思政建设提供参考。

The Differences between County,County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China

Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management,resource integration and optimal allocation,which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China.To clarify and compare differences between counties,county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development.This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities,as well as counties,county-level cities and municipal districts,from the aspects of organizational structure,urban construction planning,land management,finance,taxation and public services.The research shows that the establishment of counties,county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county(or county-level city)to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems,which has different management system and operation pattern.At the same time,the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a“double-edged sword”,we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted,and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.

行政规范性文件不适当备案审查标准之重述

行政规范性文件不适当备案审查标准源于《宪法》的规定,因此,它具有根本法的地位,直接约束行政规范性文件备案审查权。《立法法》《监督法》等法律、法规以及地方立法之间对不适当审查标准进行具体化规定的内容不尽一致,影响了行政规范性文件备案审查标准的统一性与实效性,对此,应当适时启动修法程序解决。全国人大常委会的《备案审查工作办法》《备案审查决定》从合宪性审查、政治性审查和明显不当三个方面发展了《宪法》规定的不适当备案审查标准,对不适当标准具有重述性意义,旨在满足行政规范性文件的品质符合法治国家、法治政府和法治社会建设的要求。

盖房先烧砖:文明政治学和文明公共管理学的概念体系

概念不仅是人类思维、思想活动及交流沟通的基础,而且是研究者构建和发展理论和思想的基石,甚至是学术思想精华的最集中体现和反映;概念分析则是和规范、实证分析相并列的重要研究方法之一。因此,在提出文明政治学和文明公共管理学后,需对其概念体系进行深入研究。研究在讨论提出概念体系必要性、讨论概念定义基础上,依照文明“从哪里来”“是什么”“到哪里去”的基本逻辑,发展了包含“文明本源”“文明本身”“文明发展”为核心的文明政治学和公共管理学文明概念体系分析最基本框架。之后,在对概念体系具体阐释基础上,发展了文明政治学和文明公共管理学的核心概念体系,并讨论了概念体系发展的关键任务。研究不仅为文明政治学和文明公共管理学的发展提供简明扼要的路线图,也为其进一步发展奠定新基础。

工商管理教育中的课程思政建设:价值、原则与教学创新

课程思政建设是工商管理教育中不可或缺的一环,是培养具有坚定的政治立场、良好的道德修养和强烈的社会责任感的未来企业管理者的重要途径。在工商管理教育中,课程思政建设应秉承思想性与专业性、典型性与趣味性、外嵌性与内生性相结合的原则,从马克思主义理论及其中国化时代化成果,党和国家方针政策,中华优秀传统文化,中国革命、建设、改革史,企业经营管理实践中汲取丰富的养料。同时,灵活应用课堂讲授、案例教学、企业参访和小组演示等多种形式,切实提升教学效果。

气候变化责任体系研究

责任制度是气候变化法的重要组成部分,也是实现碳达峰与碳中和目标的坚实法治保障。域外气候变化责任制度已呈现一定的体系性特征,其中法律责任的主要模式有单一主体型与混合主体型、集中来源型与分散来源型、行政法律责任型与刑事法律责任型;部分国家的气候变化法在规定法律责任的同时还规定了政治问责与行政问责。气候变化法具有政策法与监管法的双重维度,并面临科学不确定性等难题,这决定了气候变化责任制度不应局限于单一责任来源、单一责任主体、单一责任类型,责任制度的体系化建构成为气候变化法的重要内容和特点。有鉴于此,未来我国气候变化责任制度应是规范公权力机关与私主体,包括行政法律责任、刑事法律责任、政治问责与行政问责,涉及综合性气候变化法、其他单行法与下位法的体系性构造。

新文科背景下高校公共管理类专业课程思政建设路径研究

课程思政融入公共管理类专业能够有效推进专业人才培养在价值引领、知识传授与能力培养上的融合发展与有机统一,不仅满足新时代中国特色社会主义建设人才培养的现实需求、对学生理念塑造具有重要的引领作用,还为满足社会对于公共管理类专业人才的现实要求创新路径。因此,文章将对公共管理类专业课程思政建设过程中所体现课程思政顶层设计不完善、专业课程教师认知课程思政不足、实施过程中形式主义显现等问题进行分析,并提出加强公共管理课程思政体系顶层设计构建、提升公共管理课程思政建设师生契合度、挖掘整合地方文化资源融入课程思政建设的完善路径。

互联网基础设施连通与城市群一体化

构建基于二元“城市对”的空间尺度,利用“宽带中国”政策冲击,实证检验互联网基础设施连通对城市群市场一体化的影响效应。研究表明:互联网基础设施连通能有效提高城市群内部的市场一体化水平,这种市场一体化效应主要通过缓解行政分割来实现。然而,不同城市群间的地方政府缺乏制度化的协作关系,相互合作的内生动力不足,导致了城市群之间存在政绩障碍和产业功能障碍。这些障碍限制了互联网基础设施对跨城市群市场整合的作用。研究结论有助于理解互联网基础设施对城市群一体化的复杂影响,对促进全国统一大市场建设以及探索数字经济下区域发展新模式具有重要意义。

基于“实践—历史—方法”的《行政管理学》课程思政建设路径

《行政管理学》含有丰富的思政元素,《行政管理学》课程思政建设是在讲授基本知识的基础上,融入思政性教学元素,增强“隐性教育”。文章从三个维度进行探究:用实践讲理论,强化知识传授与价值引领,提升行政管理教育的高度;从历史看文化,在历史中汲取《行政管理学》的智慧及精髓,体验传统中国之治的温度;以方法求创新,帮助学生树立崇高的理想和正确的人生目标,拓宽行政管理应用的广度。