The Basic Principles of Kin Sociality and Eusociality: Human Evolution

The paper posits that kin sociality and eusociality are derived from the handicap-care principles based on the need-based care to the handicappers from the caregivers for the self-interest of the caregivers. In this paper, handicap is defined as the difficulty to survive and reproduce independently. Kin sociality is derived from the childhood handicap-care principle where the children are the handicapped children who receive the care from the kin caregivers in the inclusive kin group to survive. The caregiver gives care for its self-interest to reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of kin sociality contains the handicapped childhood and the caregiving adulthood. Eusociality is derived from the adulthood handicap-care principle where responsible adults are the handicapped adults who give care and receive care at the same time in the interdependent eusocial group to survive and reproduce its gene. Queen bees reproduce, but must receive care from worker bees that work but must rely on queen bees to reproduce. A caregiver gives care for its self-interest to survive and reproduce its gene. The individual’s gene of eusociality contains the handicapped childhood-adulthood and the caregiving adulthood. The chronological sequence of the sociality evolution is individual sociality without handicap, kin sociality with handicapped childhood, and eusociality with handicapped adulthood. Eusociality in humans is derived from bipedalism and the mixed habitat. The chronological sequence of the eusocial human evolution is 1) the eusocial early hominins with bipedalism and the mixed habitat, 2) the eusocial early Homo species with bipedalism, the larger brain, and the open habitat, 3) the eusocial late Homo species with bipedalism, the largest brain, and the unstable habitat, and 4) extended eusocial Homo sapiens with bipedalism, the shrinking brain, omnipresent imagination, and the harsh habitat. The omnipresence of imagination in human culture converts eusociality into extended eusociality with both perception and omnipresent imagination.

Elicitation of Association Rules from Information on Customs Offences on the Basis of Frequent Motives

The fight against fraud and trafficking is a fundamental mission of customs. The conditions for carrying out this mission depend both on the evolution of economic issues and on the behaviour of the actors in charge of its implementation. As part of the customs clearance process, customs are nowadays confronted with an increasing volume of goods in connection with the development of international trade. Automated risk management is therefore required to limit intrusive control. In this article, we propose an unsupervised classification method to extract knowledge rules from a database of customs offences in order to identify abnormal behaviour resulting from customs control. The idea is to apply the Apriori principle on the basis of frequent grounds on a database relating to customs offences in customs procedures to uncover potential rules of association between a customs operation and an offence for the purpose of extracting knowledge governing the occurrence of fraud. This mass of often heterogeneous and complex data thus generates new needs that knowledge extraction methods must be able to meet. The assessment of infringements inevitably requires a proper identification of the risks. It is an original approach based on data mining or data mining to build association rules in two steps: first, search for frequent patterns (support >= minimum support) then from the frequent patterns, produce association rules (Trust >= Minimum Trust). The simulations carried out highlighted three main association rules: forecasting rules, targeting rules and neutral rules with the introduction of a third indicator of rule relevance which is the Lift measure. Confidence in the first two rules has been set at least 50%.

徘徊在规则与原则之间——评“二奶”受遗赠案的法律论证方法

一夫一妻原则是调整婚姻关系的基本原则 ,本案中遗赠人的重婚行为违反了这一原则 ;根据遗嘱自由原则 ,遗赠人有权依其正当意志处分财产 ,遗嘱自由是调整财产关系的基本原则 ;公序良俗原则是调整民事关系的基本原则 ,人身关系和财产关系都受其约束。在本案中被继承人的遗赠行为非不具有正当目的 ,并不违反公序良俗 ;但被继承人的重婚行为 ,是违反公序良俗的行为。法院的判决发生原则适用上的错位 ,将约束性行为的道德准则和法律原则适用于被继承人的财产行为 ,而该财产行为并无违反公序良俗的情形 ,应直接适用关于遗赠的法律规则。

宪政视阈下比例原则的演进

比例原则肇始于德国,渊源最早可追溯到法律理念的源头。其蕴涵的公平、正义思想与人类的初始理念相一致。随着民主和法治的发展,这一原则的内涵及适用范围均得到了发展。在宪政视阈下,从发展观的维度看,比例原则所具有的客观性、可操作性标准正是控制行政自由裁量权被滥用的最有效的、不可忽视的利器之一。这对我们依法治国,奉行依法行政和建设和谐社会是富有启迪作用的。

媒介进化论研究的五大原则

媒介进化研究的是整个媒介系统中各种媒介孕育、产生、发展、融合、消亡的动态序列历程,以及不同媒介间竞争、互动、共生等关联结构状态。作为北美生态学的重要一支,媒介进化符合媒介生态学的一般规律,即从媒介生态圈层角度观照媒介进化进程;作为纵向延展,媒介进化又有自身的特殊规律。从媒介研究范式来看,其理论框架构建需要遵循一定的研究原则,即"层进式"、"延承性"、"平衡性"、"共生性"和"融合性"五大原则。

基于Pareto强度值演化的FPRs知识表示参数优化

提出一种新的参数优化模型和求解算法,引入模糊熵来指导模糊产生式规则(FPRs)的参数优化,给出基于极大模糊熵定理的参数优化模型,提出求解该模型的Pareto强度值的演化算法。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效优化参数,一定程度上避免过度拟合,提高了FPRs的知识表示能力。

汉语汉字发展原则和规律刍议

本文所论，为笔者在前人研究基础上所总结的汉语、汉字发展的主要原则和规律：汉语发展三原则和汉字发展三规律。汉语发展三原则，即“经济原则”、“准确原则”、“约定俗成原则”；汉字发展三规律：即，由汉语发展三原则所制约和决定的三条规律，即“经济原则”→“简易律”；“准确原则”→“区别律”；“约定俗成原则”→“渐进律”。而这些共同的原则和规律，又都在一条总规律下运行，即，汉语汉字是在规范与反规范的矛盾运动中不断地螺旋式上升，从而使它们不断地走上更高的规范水平。了解和掌握这些基本原则和规律，无论是对于搞好语言规划，确定汉语汉字的规范标准，还是对于公民个人增强语言文字规范意识，都具有重要意义。

顾客需求映射规则获取和聚类方法

采用数据挖掘技术从企业已有的产品或服务规划知识中提取顾客需求和设计需求之间的映射规则,是进行产品或服务规划分析的重要方法。针对常用Apriori关联规则挖掘算法运算量大的问题,提出了基于PIETM(Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion and Transaction Mapping)算法的顾客需求映射规则挖掘方法,提取强关联规则。针对规划设计数据量较大时,规则挖掘会产生大量冗余规则的问题,通过采用基于粗糙集的聚类方法对顾客需求以及设计需求可选值进行聚类,实现顾客需求映射规则的聚类分析。最后以某企业叉车方案规划中,顾客需求映射规则的挖掘和聚类分析为例,验证了所提方法的有效性。

民法总则法源条款的缺失与补充

我国民法总则第10条规定了"法律—习惯"二位阶法源体系。该体系会造成大陆法系实证法根本矛盾无法克服、法官不得拒绝裁判无法实现、民事诉讼目的无法达致的弊端。以上弊端无法以第一位阶"法律"中已包含民法基本原则来解决,弊端的实质思想基础也值得反思。为克服以上弊端,应将"依基本原则确立的规则"作为第三位阶补充性法源,在我国背景下该表述较之其他可能选项具有更大的优越性。适用该法源时,法官具有"确立规则的义务",并须在判决书中展示从原则到规则的推导过程,方法上应优先适用建立在平等原则基础上的类推。通过目的性扩张的方法论路径,可以在解释论上产生该第三位阶补充性法源。