Integration of the Historical Initiative Spirit into the Ideological and Political Course of Colleges and Universities : Value Implication, Main Contents and Practical Dimension

The value implication,main contents and practical dimension of integrating the historical initiative spirit into the ideological and political course of colleges and universities were studied.From the perspective of value implication,integrating the historical initiative spirit into the ideological and political course of colleges and universities is helpful to promoting the integrity and innovation of the ideological and political course in colleges and universities,deepening the historical cognition of students and building the cornerstone of students belief.From the perspective of main contents,teachers of ideological and political course should clarify the theoretical connotation of the historical initiative spirit,give a thorough exposition of the generation logic of the historical initiative spirit,and explain The Times value of the historical initiative spirit lively.From the perspective of practical dimension,it is necessary to give full play to the educational function of the historical initiative spirit by enriching the content of curriculum teaching,innovating the ways and methods of education and teaching,integrating theory and practice,and online and offline interaction.

Ancient Materials and Substitution Materials Used in Thai Historical Masonry Structure Preservation

The historical structures of Thailand are some of the most fascinating ancient sites in Asia.Their architectures reveal past cultures,traditions,knowledge,and expertise.Masonry materials are the major materials used to construct the historical structures in Thailand.One of the essential problem of Thai historical structure preservation is a shortage of engineering properties data for the structural stability assessment.Moreover,the in-depth engineering properties and the suitable substitution materials for Thai historical preservation are rarely found.Therefore,the engineering properties of the ancient masonry materials have to be explored together with the development of suitable substitute materials.This paper presents the physical and engineering properties of ancient materials and substitution materials for the preservation of Thailand’s historical structures.The ancient materials,including brick and mortar,are collected from historical places in the Bangkok and Ayutthaya Provinces.The physical and engineering properties of the masonry materials,such as the chemical composition,mineralogical composition,density,porosity,absorption,water vapor transmission,compressive strength,and modulus of elasticity,were evaluated in the laboratory.Fly ash was used as a pozzolanic material to partially replace the slaked lime to restore the historical mortar.The binder to sand ratio was controlled at 1:3 by weight.The slaked lime was substituted by fly ash at the rates of 10–30%by weight of binder.The engineering properties of the substitution mortars were also evaluated and compared with the ancient masonry materials.A masonry prism was also constructed to evaluate the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of the masonry structures.The physical and engineering properties of the ancient masonry materials obtained in this study can be included in a database for the preservation of Thailand’s historical masonry structures.The use of fly ash to partially replace the slaked lime could decrease the setting time and increase the compressive strength of historical repair mortar.The empirical equation obtained from this study could be used to predict the compressive strength of the masonry prisms of Thailand’s historical structures.

Historical Research on Rights in the Eyes of Young Marx

Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.

Study on Properties of Blue-Brick Masonry Materials for Historical Buildings

There are a large number of historic buildings which were mainly made of blue-brick masonry in today’s world.However,for the natural and man-made reasons,these historic buildings have been damaged in different degrees.In order to protect historic buildings more scientifically and learn about the preservation state of existing historic buildings,it is necessary to ascertain the material properties of blue brick in historic buildings.The article takes the blue bricks of historical buildings in Kaifeng area of the Central Plains as an example to study.Through the analysis of physical properties,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of blue brick specimens,the physical properties such as the apparent density,moisture content,porosity,and material structure composition are understood.The results show that the apparent density of blue brick is 1.64 g/cm^(3),the moisture content is 10.23%,the 24 h atmospheric water absorption is 17.86%,and the porosity is 20.99%.The smaller the apparent density is,the larger the porosity is,and the water absorption performance is better.From the microscopic point of view,bonding ability between blue brick mineral particles is relatively weak.The pores between skeletons are large and the pore structure is obvious.From the perspective of material phase,the elements of blue brick are mainly O,Si,Al,Fe,and the composition of blue brick is mainly composed of quartz and feldspar.The softening coefficient of blue brick is 0.80,and the deformation and stability of the structure should be paid special attention in the rainy season or wet environment.Through the frost test,there are salt substances in the internal pores of the brick,and the surface of the blue brick is eroded and pulverized.In this paper,the experimental process and analysis methods for testing the material properties of blue brick can provide reference for the research on the material properties of the same kind of blue-brick masonry in historic buildings and masonry relics.The relevant material property parameters obtained in this paper can provide guidance for making protection schemes and scientific repairs for historic buildings in Central China,enrich the evaluation criteria for maintaining and reinforcing historic buildings,and provide theoretical support for studying the damage and health detection technology related to historic buildings.

Mapping a Paleodrainage System of the Keriya River Using Remote Sensing Data and Historical Materials

Keriya River, one of the ancient Four Green Corridors in the Tarim Basin, recording the changes of climate-environment and the ancient Silk Road of the region. According to the archaeological data, historical materials and paleoclimates information, its eeo-environment and climate have taken great changes since the 1.09 Ma B.P, especially during the recent 2,000 years, many famous ancient cities having been abandoned and the south route of the Silk Road has been moved southward. This study illustrates the capability of the remote sensing data （radar data, topographic data and optical images） and historical materials, in mapping the ancient drainage networks. A major paleodrainage system of Keriya River has linked the Kunlun Mountains to the Tienshan Mountains, possibly as far back as the early Pleistocene. The Keriya River will have important implications for not only the understanding of the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Tarim Basin from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene, but also the changes of the Silk Road.

Inheritance of Historical Block Context Based on the Theory of Place Spirit:A Case Study of Nanjing Confucius Temple Historic Block

In the context of“stock planning”,the conservation planning of historic blocks and features has become one of the important issues in recent years,which is also of great significance for the regeneration of architectural heritage value.Based on the theoretical support of Norberg Schulz’s“place spirit”,this paper takes Nanjing Confucius Temple Historic Block as an example to interpret the application of“place spirit”in the protection and renewal of historic block and the inheritance strategy of historical block context.

The Application of Historical Materials Teaching Method in High School History Class

In the new curriculum reform, historical materials teaching method is becoming more and more important in middle school history teaching. This article is the analysis of materials in two aspects. This paper analyzes the practical signi??cance of historical materials teaching, and points out the problems that should be paid attention to in the teaching of historical materials. Through the analysis of some teaching cases, it can provide practical experience for the better use of historical materials in the later period.

A Social-historical Analysis of Edwin A. Robinson's Richard Cory

This article makes a brief analysis of Edwin A. Robinson's famous poem Richard Cory from social-historical perspective. It is discussed that this poem reflects the spiritual life of the author's contemporary people.

Coordination Degree of Material Cultural Landscapes in Historic and Cultural Blocks of Early-Modern Cities:A Case Study of Taiyanggou in Dalian City of China

Connotations of urban cultural landscapes were elaborated,protection and development of cultural landscapes were believed as a significant and realistic task in the rapid urbanization.Cultural landscapes in early-modern cities have typical academic research value and practical significance because of their special historic background.Taiyanggou in Dalian City was taken for example,coordination degree of material cultural landscapes in this historic and cultural block of the early-modern city was evaluated objectively from the perspectives of visual coordination,functional coordination and cultural coordination through establishing the evaluation index system,applying AHP and comprehensive evaluation method.The results showed that Taiyanggou had a high coordination degree of material cultural landscapes,problems in the protection and construction of its material cultural landscapes were analyzed,and corresponding suggestions proposed.

The Vascular Vegetation Populating the Flora in Building Materials of Historic Monuments Cities of the West Central Region of Morocco

In the concern of the preservation of the main historic monuments of the cities of Rabat and Sale (Morocco), a botanical study was conducted in 2009. The prospecting of these monuments allowed raising an inventory of the flora populating their building materials, and it has proved that this flora is rich and diversified. Indeed, it consists of 171 adventitious species distributed in 46 botanical families. The most represented families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Geraniaceae, Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae. They supply, to them only 49.7% of the specific size. The annual therophytes and the dicotyledon are dominant with respectively 66.7% and 84.7% of the specific size. Nevertheless, the presence of more than 20 species of trees and perennials constitutes a serious danger for bulwarks walls, especially by the phenomenon of fissuring by the action of the huge roots of these vegetables. These vegetables fitting into are placed on joints or cracks fissures have a chemical action on stones by acids that they release, and also a mechanical action by the growth of roots inside cracks fissures. They remain one of these are one of the important biological factors of the degradation of historic monuments. It is to note that the bulwarks walls of the site of Chella (Roman ruins) present more floral diversity than the other canvassed monuments (91 species) that are 53% of the total size.

马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述和现实启示

历史主动精神植根于唯物史观,是指无产阶级在遵循历史规律的前提下主动创造历史的精神品质。这种精神在重大历史关头表现得更为鲜明,其本质是人的主观能动性的发挥。马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动的论述使用了“历史主动性”“主动精神”“历史首创精神”等核心概念。围绕这些核心概念,马克思、恩格斯以人民群众、无产阶级和无产阶级政党为主体展开了关于历史主动精神的论述。其内涵主要包括主动斗争精神、主动创造精神和主动引领精神。马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述为马克思主义的发展与传播奠定了基础,也推动了共产主义运动和中国革命的发展。探究马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述有助于在新征程中彰显中国共产党人的马克思主义立场,激发更为主动的精神力量。

档案史料的活化与民族叙事的创新

作为民族叙事不可或缺的素材,档案史料扮演着再现民族记忆的历史视窗角色、传承民族传统的文化载体角色、维系民族认同的社会纽带角色、保障民族权益的法律依据角色。为激活档案史料的价值和功能,文章提出了在思想意识层面更新档案史料的传统观念,从空间再生角度改造古代档案建筑的性质功能,借助数字技术方法优化档案史料的物理形态,通过科教实践应用档案史料的信息内容四条路径。这有助于拓展民族叙事理念的人文面向,深化民族叙事内容的历史深度,提升民族叙事传播的社会活力。

“前车之鉴”对教育数字化的启迪

出于对追赶世界一流的渴盼,近代中国长期不懈地关注器物文明。对这种历史实践的反思有助于教育数字化的健康发展。其一,明确教育数字化的指导理念,体用统一而中和,融洽共生而相互作用。教育数字化不应只关注表层的“用”,更应关注内核的“体”,即教育技术文化的进步,由此才能触发深层次的教育变革;其二,应走出技术决定论和物本发展观的误区,认识到物只是发展条件,技术本无力承担变革教育的重任,人的开悟才是影响教育发展的核心因素;其三,教育数字化应树立物与人辩证统一的协调发展观,主要包括发展的主要矛盾与次要矛盾的统一、发展平衡与不平衡的统一以及发展短板与潜力的统一。借助上述的历史启迪,人们能够更为警醒地认识当前教育数字化面临的问题,以便有效地探索其发展道路。

历史唯物主义语境中的精神政治学批判

在理论谱系上,韩炳哲的“精神政治学”思想承接福柯的“生命政治学”,生命政治学是表达工业资本主义治理的概念,精神政治学则是当前数字化资本主义的治理技术。精神政治学发明了“情感工业”“功绩社会”“自我剥削”三大治理手段,使资本主义实现更深层的社会控制与剥削。但韩炳哲对精神政治学的批判,没有为走出资本主义提供现实性的方案,他反倒认为革命在今天是不可能的。借助于詹明信的“认知测绘”视角,可见韩炳哲的革命悲观意识缘于其“批判”缺少严格的认识论维度,致使其深陷新自由主义的意识形态迷雾,无法划定出重建主体性及其与社会整体之间关系的正确方向。而鉴于“认知测绘”被詹明信归结为一种美学批判或文化政治的策略,其理论仍然具有乌托邦性质。为此,回到马克思主义的生产范式,以“认知测绘”重建历史唯物主义的批判方法,反思精神政治学批判的局限性,不失为一条可以尝试的道路。

清华简与夏史重建

清华简中发现了丰富的夏史资料,开启了重构夏代文明史的新境界。但它与传世文献一样,都是由口头传说生成的晚出文献史料。依照兰克史学的治史规则,这种非原始资料的可靠性大有问题。20世纪二三十年代,疑古派正是利用传说资料的局限性,提出了风靡一时的层累地造成中国古史说,把夏代历史说成是传说的堆积,虚妄的伪造。然其论说证据不密,逻辑不畅,经不起新旧文献尤其是清华简中夏史材料的验证,无法支撑疑古派建立的学术大厦。上古史研究是一个非常特殊的领域,兰克史学那套摒弃传说资料的研究方法未必适用。不管传说性文献形成的时间早晚如何,也不管它存在多少问题,其中具有客观历史的质素、事实真相的颗粒,不是仅凭主观怀疑就可以彻底否定的。坚持文献与考古资料相须为用,其归一揆,才能真正重构出“充实而有光辉”的夏代文明史。

历史唯物主义的道德规范性与阶级利益——兼及马克思主义的正义问题

马克思主义关于“正义”“公平”等的论述既具有描述性特征,也具有规范性特征。当在描述性语境中阐述其道德观念时,马克思和恩格斯试图说明道德与物质生产方式的关系、道德的历史性、道德的阶级性、道德与阶级利益的关系等内容。而在规范性语境中,他们也确实对资本主义作出了道德评价,认为其是不正义的。马克思和恩格斯是站在无产阶级的立场,作为无产阶级利益的代言人来抨击资本主义社会对无产阶级的迫害。通过对历史的科学研究,他们认为无产阶级利益的实现符合历史发展趋势,无产阶级道德观比资产阶级道德观更为合理。他们比较各阶级道德观之合理性的标准不在历史之外,而是由历史本身来提供的,即何者所代表的阶级利益的实现符合历史发展必然性,何者就具有合理性。

中国音乐史研究对音乐史料学的依赖——中国音乐史学问题思索之七

“史料”是据以为研究或讨论历史时的根据材料。史料学是研究史料的源流、价值和利用方法的学科,它是历史学的辅助学科,同考古学、文字学、档案学等均有密切关系。中国音乐史料是研究中国音乐史所需要的各种资料。中国音乐学史料繁多,根据不同标准可以划分为不同类型。音乐史料学主要从事史料搜集、校勘、考订和编纂,把价值不同的史料区别开来,把正确的记载和错误的记载区别开来,并确定史料的绝对年代和相对年代。音乐史料可以分为“实物史料”“口传史料”和“文字史料”等。中国音乐史研究必须依赖音乐史料学的研究成果,把记载正确的音乐史料和存在错误记载的材料区别开来,确定音乐史料的绝对年代和相对年代,正确利用音乐史料,还原中国历史进程中正确的音乐历史事实。

历史主动精神涵养新时代青年中医药文化自信的新路径

[目的]以历史主动精神为内核,探索构建新时代青年中医药文化自信的培养路径,为塑造文化自信提供明晰的价值引领方向。[方法]通过文献调查、逻辑分析等方法,厘清自新中国成立以来历史主动精神在中医药发展中发挥的精神力量,探析历史主动精神在培养新时代青年中医药文化自信中的价值着力点。[结果]历史主动精神作为中国共产党精神品格的重要内容,为中医药卫生事业和中医药文化的复兴发展注入不竭的精神动力,其丰富的精神要义为时代青年构筑“坚定文化自信”“坚守人民主体”“坚持问题导向”三个维度的思想指引。通过对“学习文化经典”“树立中医思维”“加强创新转化”“讲好中医药故事”等涵养路径的探索,进一步增强新时代青年的中医药文化自信。[结论]历史主动精神涵养下的新时代青年中医药文化自信培养,更具理论的指导性和实践性,以伟大的精神力量为时代青年树立中医药文化自信明方向、立志向、强担当。

论历史规律研究中四个重大问题

探究“历史主动精神”的深层哲理,推动了对规律研究中重大问题的再次讨论。第一个问题,历史规律是否遵循自然规律?这一问题关系到探寻社会规律的方法。长期被忽视的自然规律可能性这一视域可以用来解释历史规律的条件性和主体选择性,也可用来把握社会规律的客观性与具体道路的选择性的统一。第二个问题,规律的决定因素是什么?这一问题关系到规律与事物基本要素的关系,其解答有助于厘清社会规律孕育、产生、发展的条件。第三个问题,主体能否创造规律?其涉及科学的可能性与选择性、历史活动的“为我关系”“从它关系”、历史活动的“内在价值”“外在价值”、历史活动的普遍规律与特殊规律等层面的关系。第四个问题,主体如何认识和掌握规律?一些掌握规律的路径值得重视,如从不可重复的历史事件到可重复的规律、从心理动机到“背后的决定因素”、从个体之力到“社会合力”。