Ancient Materials and Substitution Materials Used in Thai Historical Masonry Structure Preservation

The historical structures of Thailand are some of the most fascinating ancient sites in Asia.Their architectures reveal past cultures,traditions,knowledge,and expertise.Masonry materials are the major materials used to construct the historical structures in Thailand.One of the essential problem of Thai historical structure preservation is a shortage of engineering properties data for the structural stability assessment.Moreover,the in-depth engineering properties and the suitable substitution materials for Thai historical preservation are rarely found.Therefore,the engineering properties of the ancient masonry materials have to be explored together with the development of suitable substitute materials.This paper presents the physical and engineering properties of ancient materials and substitution materials for the preservation of Thailand’s historical structures.The ancient materials,including brick and mortar,are collected from historical places in the Bangkok and Ayutthaya Provinces.The physical and engineering properties of the masonry materials,such as the chemical composition,mineralogical composition,density,porosity,absorption,water vapor transmission,compressive strength,and modulus of elasticity,were evaluated in the laboratory.Fly ash was used as a pozzolanic material to partially replace the slaked lime to restore the historical mortar.The binder to sand ratio was controlled at 1:3 by weight.The slaked lime was substituted by fly ash at the rates of 10–30%by weight of binder.The engineering properties of the substitution mortars were also evaluated and compared with the ancient masonry materials.A masonry prism was also constructed to evaluate the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity of the masonry structures.The physical and engineering properties of the ancient masonry materials obtained in this study can be included in a database for the preservation of Thailand’s historical masonry structures.The use of fly ash to partially replace the slaked lime could decrease the setting time and increase the compressive strength of historical repair mortar.The empirical equation obtained from this study could be used to predict the compressive strength of the masonry prisms of Thailand’s historical structures.

Study on Properties of Blue-Brick Masonry Materials for Historical Buildings

There are a large number of historic buildings which were mainly made of blue-brick masonry in today’s world.However,for the natural and man-made reasons,these historic buildings have been damaged in different degrees.In order to protect historic buildings more scientifically and learn about the preservation state of existing historic buildings,it is necessary to ascertain the material properties of blue brick in historic buildings.The article takes the blue bricks of historical buildings in Kaifeng area of the Central Plains as an example to study.Through the analysis of physical properties,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of blue brick specimens,the physical properties such as the apparent density,moisture content,porosity,and material structure composition are understood.The results show that the apparent density of blue brick is 1.64 g/cm^(3),the moisture content is 10.23%,the 24 h atmospheric water absorption is 17.86%,and the porosity is 20.99%.The smaller the apparent density is,the larger the porosity is,and the water absorption performance is better.From the microscopic point of view,bonding ability between blue brick mineral particles is relatively weak.The pores between skeletons are large and the pore structure is obvious.From the perspective of material phase,the elements of blue brick are mainly O,Si,Al,Fe,and the composition of blue brick is mainly composed of quartz and feldspar.The softening coefficient of blue brick is 0.80,and the deformation and stability of the structure should be paid special attention in the rainy season or wet environment.Through the frost test,there are salt substances in the internal pores of the brick,and the surface of the blue brick is eroded and pulverized.In this paper,the experimental process and analysis methods for testing the material properties of blue brick can provide reference for the research on the material properties of the same kind of blue-brick masonry in historic buildings and masonry relics.The relevant material property parameters obtained in this paper can provide guidance for making protection schemes and scientific repairs for historic buildings in Central China,enrich the evaluation criteria for maintaining and reinforcing historic buildings,and provide theoretical support for studying the damage and health detection technology related to historic buildings.

Mapping a Paleodrainage System of the Keriya River Using Remote Sensing Data and Historical Materials

Keriya River, one of the ancient Four Green Corridors in the Tarim Basin, recording the changes of climate-environment and the ancient Silk Road of the region. According to the archaeological data, historical materials and paleoclimates information, its eeo-environment and climate have taken great changes since the 1.09 Ma B.P, especially during the recent 2,000 years, many famous ancient cities having been abandoned and the south route of the Silk Road has been moved southward. This study illustrates the capability of the remote sensing data （radar data, topographic data and optical images） and historical materials, in mapping the ancient drainage networks. A major paleodrainage system of Keriya River has linked the Kunlun Mountains to the Tienshan Mountains, possibly as far back as the early Pleistocene. The Keriya River will have important implications for not only the understanding of the paleoenvironments and paleoclimates of Tarim Basin from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene, but also the changes of the Silk Road.

Inheritance of Historical Block Context Based on the Theory of Place Spirit:A Case Study of Nanjing Confucius Temple Historic Block

In the context of“stock planning”,the conservation planning of historic blocks and features has become one of the important issues in recent years,which is also of great significance for the regeneration of architectural heritage value.Based on the theoretical support of Norberg Schulz’s“place spirit”,this paper takes Nanjing Confucius Temple Historic Block as an example to interpret the application of“place spirit”in the protection and renewal of historic block and the inheritance strategy of historical block context.

The Application of Historical Materials Teaching Method in High School History Class

In the new curriculum reform, historical materials teaching method is becoming more and more important in middle school history teaching. This article is the analysis of materials in two aspects. This paper analyzes the practical signi??cance of historical materials teaching, and points out the problems that should be paid attention to in the teaching of historical materials. Through the analysis of some teaching cases, it can provide practical experience for the better use of historical materials in the later period.

Integration of the Historical Initiative Spirit into the Ideological and Political Course of Colleges and Universities : Value Implication, Main Contents and Practical Dimension

The value implication,main contents and practical dimension of integrating the historical initiative spirit into the ideological and political course of colleges and universities were studied.From the perspective of value implication,integrating the historical initiative spirit into the ideological and political course of colleges and universities is helpful to promoting the integrity and innovation of the ideological and political course in colleges and universities,deepening the historical cognition of students and building the cornerstone of students belief.From the perspective of main contents,teachers of ideological and political course should clarify the theoretical connotation of the historical initiative spirit,give a thorough exposition of the generation logic of the historical initiative spirit,and explain The Times value of the historical initiative spirit lively.From the perspective of practical dimension,it is necessary to give full play to the educational function of the historical initiative spirit by enriching the content of curriculum teaching,innovating the ways and methods of education and teaching,integrating theory and practice,and online and offline interaction.

A Social-historical Analysis of Edwin A. Robinson's Richard Cory

This article makes a brief analysis of Edwin A. Robinson's famous poem Richard Cory from social-historical perspective. It is discussed that this poem reflects the spiritual life of the author's contemporary people.

Coordination Degree of Material Cultural Landscapes in Historic and Cultural Blocks of Early-Modern Cities:A Case Study of Taiyanggou in Dalian City of China

Connotations of urban cultural landscapes were elaborated,protection and development of cultural landscapes were believed as a significant and realistic task in the rapid urbanization.Cultural landscapes in early-modern cities have typical academic research value and practical significance because of their special historic background.Taiyanggou in Dalian City was taken for example,coordination degree of material cultural landscapes in this historic and cultural block of the early-modern city was evaluated objectively from the perspectives of visual coordination,functional coordination and cultural coordination through establishing the evaluation index system,applying AHP and comprehensive evaluation method.The results showed that Taiyanggou had a high coordination degree of material cultural landscapes,problems in the protection and construction of its material cultural landscapes were analyzed,and corresponding suggestions proposed.

Historical Research on Rights in the Eyes of Young Marx

Karl Marx’s insightful critique of bourgeois rights,represented in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen adopted by France,can be attributed to the short-term and longterm perspectives he adopted successively in his research.By reading works such as History of France in the Revolutionary Era and History of the French Revolutionary Parliament,Marx was able to examine the original intentions of the legislators in the period of the French Revolution.This short-term examination was the most intuitive and logical approach to studying the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,in which Marx focused on the research of the period of the French National Convention and its idea on property rights.The enigmatic political-legal facts that emerged in 1793 during the French Revolution,along with other incidents,presented an opportunity for Marx to turn to long-term rights surveys.In this context,Marx gradually shifted his attention from the legislators who were the shining protagonists of the“grand political historical drama”to the underlying forces that worked behind them,and in doing so understood how the two major achievements of the French Revolution provided an explanation for the historicity of the phenomenon of rights.Marx’s longterm rights surveys from the perspective of historical materialism were directly inspired by the Kreuznach Notes as well as famous scholars including Francois Guizot,Augustin Thierry,and Henri Saint-Simon.

The Vascular Vegetation Populating the Flora in Building Materials of Historic Monuments Cities of the West Central Region of Morocco

In the concern of the preservation of the main historic monuments of the cities of Rabat and Sale (Morocco), a botanical study was conducted in 2009. The prospecting of these monuments allowed raising an inventory of the flora populating their building materials, and it has proved that this flora is rich and diversified. Indeed, it consists of 171 adventitious species distributed in 46 botanical families. The most represented families are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Geraniaceae, Brassicaceae and Lamiaceae. They supply, to them only 49.7% of the specific size. The annual therophytes and the dicotyledon are dominant with respectively 66.7% and 84.7% of the specific size. Nevertheless, the presence of more than 20 species of trees and perennials constitutes a serious danger for bulwarks walls, especially by the phenomenon of fissuring by the action of the huge roots of these vegetables. These vegetables fitting into are placed on joints or cracks fissures have a chemical action on stones by acids that they release, and also a mechanical action by the growth of roots inside cracks fissures. They remain one of these are one of the important biological factors of the degradation of historic monuments. It is to note that the bulwarks walls of the site of Chella (Roman ruins) present more floral diversity than the other canvassed monuments (91 species) that are 53% of the total size.

The Historical Forms of Materialism and the Philosophical Domain of Historical Materialism

Natural materialism, humanistic materialism and historical materialism are the three historical forms of materialism. The ＂material＂ in historical materialism is a social thing which is ＂perceptible and imperceptible by the senses＂ and connotes social relations; and the ＂history＂ in historical materialism is the realm in which contradictions between man and nature and between man and society are able to unfold, so historical materialism is ＂actually a critical view of the world＂ that inherently contains dialectics in a ＂rational form.＂ The formulation of historical materialism opened a new path for the development of materialism and even philosophy as a whole. In the course of its critique of capitalist society, which unfolds with capital as a core category, historical materialism sublates abstract existence and discovers real social existence, thus putting an end to metaphysics, which is grounded in abstract ontology.

SPECIAL ISSUE： IMPORTANT ISSUES IN MARXIST PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA：Historical materialism and the path to social actuality

The fundamental task of Marxist philosophical studies today is to uncover contemporary social actuality. It was Hegel who first showed a possible way to social actuality in philosophical terms via sharp critiques of subjective consciousness and its external reflection. Marx critically inherited this legacy from Hegel. His critiques not only undermined the speculative, idealist alliance of Idea and Actuality, but also thoroughly reconstructed the essential dimension of social actuality. A Kantian interpretation of Marxist philosophy on this theme presupposes a dismissal of the dimension of social actuality, which means a return to the philosophy of subjective consciousness. The latter in turn means the actual collapse of historical materialism. The path to social actuality is vital to historical materialism. It is only through this path that the truth of the theory of historical materialism can be upheld.

The Critical Dimension and Power of Social Semiotics:An Examination from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

Marx’s profound analysis of such social signs as commodity,money,and capital shows that inversion and negation are universal and rule-governed social signs and that social signs attain historical characteristics in certain social formations.The basic contradiction arising from human practice,i.e.,their contradictory movement of objectification and nonobjectification,is determined by the dialectical nature of practice,that is,by the relationship of negativity as a medium,and is the concrete expression of the dialectics of negativity in signs.The critique of social semiotics from the perspective of historical materialism is based on practice and reality,and points to the future;it is revolutionary and constructive.At present,the scientific construction of social semiotics can not only promote the development of semiotics,but can also be an important step in deepening historical materialism.

图书馆史研究与编纂的历史逻辑

文章以历史观为出发点,在前人有关图书馆史研究与编纂研究的基础上,提出史料、史迹、史境、史脉、史识的历史逻辑理论;以中山大学图书馆百年馆史研究与编纂的实践为案例,从立足史料、呈现史迹、再现史境、传承史脉、端正史识五个方面系统阐释“五史”理论在实践中的具体运用,助益新时代图书馆史研究与图书馆史志编纂发展。

中国音乐史研究对音乐史料学的依赖——中国音乐史学问题思索之七

“史料”是据以为研究或讨论历史时的根据材料。史料学是研究史料的源流、价值和利用方法的学科,它是历史学的辅助学科,同考古学、文字学、档案学等均有密切关系。中国音乐史料是研究中国音乐史所需要的各种资料。中国音乐学史料繁多,根据不同标准可以划分为不同类型。音乐史料学主要从事史料搜集、校勘、考订和编纂,把价值不同的史料区别开来,把正确的记载和错误的记载区别开来,并确定史料的绝对年代和相对年代。音乐史料可以分为“实物史料”“口传史料”和“文字史料”等。中国音乐史研究必须依赖音乐史料学的研究成果,把记载正确的音乐史料和存在错误记载的材料区别开来,确定音乐史料的绝对年代和相对年代,正确利用音乐史料,还原中国历史进程中正确的音乐历史事实。

马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述和现实启示

历史主动精神植根于唯物史观,是指无产阶级在遵循历史规律的前提下主动创造历史的精神品质。这种精神在重大历史关头表现得更为鲜明,其本质是人的主观能动性的发挥。马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动的论述使用了“历史主动性”“主动精神”“历史首创精神”等核心概念。围绕这些核心概念,马克思、恩格斯以人民群众、无产阶级和无产阶级政党为主体展开了关于历史主动精神的论述。其内涵主要包括主动斗争精神、主动创造精神和主动引领精神。马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述为马克思主义的发展与传播奠定了基础,也推动了共产主义运动和中国革命的发展。探究马克思、恩格斯关于历史主动精神的论述有助于在新征程中彰显中国共产党人的马克思主义立场,激发更为主动的精神力量。

中国式现代化的道德进步及其论证

现代化既是一个具有历史确定性的命题实践,又是一个关涉价值认知的实践命题。对该命题的道德论证,涉及前提批判、过程反思、结果评估;对该命题的进步论证,涉及横向类型和纵向历史的双向比较。中国式现代化或许就是这样一种道德进步的现代化方案,它不仅在同资本主义现代化和传统现代化比的对之中显扬,也在唯物史观的社会形态演进链和人类道德历史序列之中开显。具体来说,中国式现代化既遵循现代化发展的普遍性原则,又体现中国发展的特殊性,以“人民至上”为价值前提,消弭“物的现代化”与“主客颠倒”困境,以“公平正义”为执行原则,规避“资本不公”问题,开创更接近人的解放状态的人类文明形态,彰显符合“真正人的道德”的道德进步。道德进步现象奠基于底层伦理逻辑,中国式现代化建基于“以人民为中心”的政党伦理与“独立自主”的实践伦理,从而开辟一条摆脱现代化普遍主义幻境与独断伦理困局的自主实践道路,构筑了世界现代化的先进范例。

构建科学完备的中华民族共同体理论体系三重逻辑:历史、实践与价值

中华民族共同体理论体系作为马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果,既坚持了马克思主义的基本立场、观点和方法,又立足于中华民族的历史发展和时代发展,实现了中华民族建设理论与中华民族现代国家建设理论的创新。其构建过程,就是我们党对马克思主义主动选择、不断发展并与时俱进的过程,蕴含着深刻的历史、实践、价值逻辑。从历史逻辑、实践逻辑、价值逻辑三个维度,对中华民族共同体理论体系进行多维度的探讨并结合时代背景予以考察,不仅能够明确中华民族共同体理论对于西方民族理论的批判和超越,还能够深刻阐释中华民族共同体理论对于构建人类命运共同体的现实意义。

档案史料的活化与民族叙事的创新

作为民族叙事不可或缺的素材,档案史料扮演着再现民族记忆的历史视窗角色、传承民族传统的文化载体角色、维系民族认同的社会纽带角色、保障民族权益的法律依据角色。为激活档案史料的价值和功能,文章提出了在思想意识层面更新档案史料的传统观念,从空间再生角度改造古代档案建筑的性质功能,借助数字技术方法优化档案史料的物理形态,通过科教实践应用档案史料的信息内容四条路径。这有助于拓展民族叙事理念的人文面向,深化民族叙事内容的历史深度,提升民族叙事传播的社会活力。