Prospects for the future of clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine——Emphasis on original theory and clinical practice

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical efficacy evaluation runs through the development of TCM and has been progressing so far.With the introduction of evidence-based medicine(EBM)in recent 20 years,TCM clinical efficacy evaluation has developed rapidly,accumulated research and experience,improved the quality and standardization of research,but also gradually found deep-seated deficiencies.In 2019,the China Center for Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(CCEBTCM)was established,and TCM was included in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases(ICD-11).In above opportunities for TCM clinical efficacy evaluation,it is necessary to face up to the previous deficiencies,so that the TCM clinical efficacy evaluation can truly reflect the actual clinical practice characteristics,including TCM clinical problems,TCM thinking and TCM diagnosis&treatment mode.Based on the summary and analysis of past research,development concepts are proposed in this article.On the one hand,original concepts of TCM should be confidently paid more attention to the design and implementation of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation to be close to TCM clinical practice.On the other hand,it is necessary to consolidate the foundation of TCM clinical practice before evaluating efficacy.Evaluated object built on TCM ontology knowledge should be demonstrated based on clinical practice,and unknown evaluated object combined with new methods,technologies and concepts should be maturely integrated in clinical practice firstly.

Analysis of the Influence of the Original Family on Jimmy in Look Back in Anger Based on Bowen Theory

Bowen Theory provides a useful perspective to analyse John Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger.In this play,one of the most important reasons for Jimmy’s anger is influenced by his mother.According to Bowen Theory,the study analyzes the influ⁃ence of original family on Jimmy from three aspects,through the analysis,readers can have a deeper understanding of Jimmy’s an⁃gry.

Discussion on the Origin of Chinese Modernization from the Perspective of Classical Marxist Theory

Chinese modernization is socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,and it is the contemporary form of Chinese socialist modernization under the grand historical vision,which has considerable research value.This paper mainly combines the theoretical vision with the historical vision,studies and discusses the origin of Chinese modernization,from China’s“Oriental society,”a modern prehistoric social form,to modern China stepping on the socialist road under the basic circumstances of world history,and takes the initiative to master the relevant logic of the historical trend.This paper also presents the research and discussion on why it is possible for modern China to realize Chinese modernization,and to solve the problem of the origin of Chinese modernization in theory and historical logic.

Magnetic Isotope Theory of the Origin of Life on Earth

The authors have proposed a new of magnetic isotope theory of life on Earth. According to this theory the initial impetus for the beginning of the synthesis of organic compounds is the impact of electromagnetic radiation from the sun and energy radioactive isotopes.

Theory of the Origin of Terrestrial and Lunar Ores

In this study, the theory of ore formation on the Earth and the Moon was developed. It is shown that ore deposits on the Earth and the Moon were mainly formed simultaneously with the separation of the Moon from the protoplanet and the formation of the oldest continents. The formation of terrestrial ores occurred as a result of the release of intermediate and heavy chemical elements from the deep layers of the protoplanet and the subsequent process of adhesion to old terrestrial geological faults. The time of terrestrial and lunar ores formations corresponds to the boundary between the Tonian and Cryogenian Periods (~720 Ma). Lunar ore formation processes are different on the near and far sides. The farside of the Moon is a single piece of the protoplanetary lithosphere, so ores there could be formed mainly due to the overflow of igneous rocks over the edge of the lunar continent. On the nearside, due to the rapid cooling, ores were formed in the area of navel-string during the drip-liquid separation of the Moon from the Earth. Due to the fact that the Moon separated at the first stage, the amount of water and methane on it is limited. In periods after the Cryogenian, volcanic, lava and sedimentary rocks on Earth could be enriched with intermediate elements due to the disruption of vertical stratification during galactic storms. To analyze this, a comparison of terrestrial volcanic and lunar pseudo-volcanic activity was carried out in the work.

The Spin-Charge-Family Theory Is Explaining the Origin of Families,of the Higgs and the Yukawa Couplings

The (extremely efficient) standard model of the elementary particles and fields makes several assumptions, which call for explanations. Any theory offering next step beyond the standard model must explain at least the existence and properties of families and their members and correspondingly the existence of the scalar Higgs and the Yukawa couplings, which in this model take care of masses of fermions and weak bosons and influence the decaying properties of families. The spin-charge-family theory [1-11] is offering a possible explanation for the assumptions of the standard model—for the appearance of families and their members (for the charges of a family members), for the gauge fields, for the scalar fields—interpreting the standard model as its low energy effective manifestation. The spin-charge-family theory predicts at the low energy regime two decoupled groups of four families of quarks and leptons. The predicted fourth family waits to be observed, while the stable fifth family is the candidate to form the dark matter. In this paper properties of families are analysed. The appearance of several scalar fields, all in the bosonic (adjoint) representations with respect to the family groups, while they are doublets with respect to the weak charge, is presented, their properties discussed, it is explained how these scalar fields can effectively be interpreted as the standard model Higgs and the Yukawa couplings. The spin-charge-family theory predicts that there are no supersymmetric partners of the observed fermions and bosons.

The Explanation for the Origin of the Higgs Scalar and for the Yukawa Couplings by the Spin-Charge-Family Theory

The spin-charge-family theory is a kind of the Kaluza-Klein theories, but with two kinds of the spin connection fields, which are the gauge fields of the two kinds of spins. The SO(13,1) representation of one kind of spins manifests in d = (3 + 1) all the properties of family members as assumed by the standard model;the second kind of spins explains the appearance of families. The gauge fields of the first kind, carrying the space index m = (0,...,3), manifest in d = (3 + 1) all the vector gauge fields assumed by the standard model. The gauge fields of both kinds of spins, which carry the space index (7, 8) gaining at the electroweak break nonzero vacuum expectation values, manifest in d = (3 + 1) as scalar fields with the properties of the Higgs scalar of the standard model with respect to the weak and the hyper charge ( and , respectively), while they carry additional quantum numbers in adjoint representations, offering correspondingly the explanation for the scalar Higgs and the Yukawa couplings, predicting the fourth family and the existence of several scalar fields. The paper 1) explains why in this theory the gauge fields are with the scalar index s = (5,6,7,8) doublets with respect to the weak and the hyper charge, while they are with respect to all the other charges in the adjoint representations;2) demonstrates that the spin connection fields manifest as the Kaluza-Klein vector gauge fields, which arise from the vielbeins;and 3) explains the role of the vielbeins and of both kinds of the spin connection fields.

The Translation of Chinese Literature under the Theory of Translation Compensation

In order to promote the exchange of Chinese culture with foreign countries,translators bear an important mission in the process of cross-cultural communication.Although there are cultural differences,we can achieve cultural dissemination and exchange through continuous cultural dialogue.As an important way for foreign scholars to understand the history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China,the translation of historical texts is crucial.Multiple typical cases are selected under the guidance of the translation theory of compensation to use relevant methods or techniques from the three levels of language,culture,and aesthetics to compensate for the loss of Li Xueqin’s The Origin of Ancient Chinese Civilization in English translation proofreading.

The Mental Origins and the Evolution of Political Order

The paper proposes that the four-component structure of political order consists of state, imagination, rule, and accountability whose mental origins are the social brain, theory of mind, the rational brain, and the empirical brain, respectively. The rational brain and the empirical brain are from the thinking brain. This paper posits that in the evolution of political order, the main function of political order is to pacify changed social structure derived from technological revolution. Therefore, the four technological revolutions (the Upper Paleolithic, Agricultural-Bronze, Iron, and Industrial Revolutions) produce the four changed social structures (linked bands, tribe, mega empire, and modern nation, respectively) whose internal conflicts are pacified by the four political revolutions (the imaginative, hierarchical, thinking, bottom-up political revolutions, respectively) to form the four politics (the imaginative egalitarianism, decentralized hierarchical tribalism, centralized top-down thinking, and multilateral bottom-up thinking politics, respectively). In the competitive West originated from Greece and Middle East, the rule of law is the rational rule of competition among competitors, and the accountability of election is the empirical accountability of competition among competitors. In the cooperative East originated from India and China, the rule of relation is the rational rule of cooperation among kin-friends, and the accountability of professional qualification is the empirical accountability of cooperation among kin-friends. For political order, the two viable politics are competitive liberal democracy based on liberty and cooperative well-off democracy (well-off socialism) based on wellbeing. The direction of political order is middle democracy between liberal democracy and well-off democracy based on the multilateral bottom-up thinking politics.

Origin of Angiosperms and Their Diversification in the Cretaceous

The dominating hypothesis stated that angiosperms originated in the Early Cretaceous, there were no pre-Cretaceous angiosperms, and carpels (the basic units of gynoecium) were derived from former megasporophylls bearing ovules/seeds along their margins through longitudinally folding and enrolling. However, there are increasing evidences of pre-Cretaceous angiosperms, the assumed megasporophyll actually does not exist, and the Cretaceous-only history of angiosperms appears much shorter than suggested by molecular clocks. Here I will integrate new knowledge of living and fossil plants to give a plausible explanation for the origin and early evolution of angiosperms. Several lines of evidence indicate that the ancestor of angiosperms may well have been present in the Triassic. The former gap between angiosperms and gymnosperms is artificial. Some Triassic fossils playing a role intermediate between angiosperms and gymnosperms seem to favor the Unifying Theory.

"universe collapse model"and its roles in the unification of four fundamental forces and the origin and the evolution of the universe

To unify the four known fundamental forces and provide an explanation for the origin and the evolution of the universe are two long-term goals of theoretical physics. Here a “universe collapse model” has been proposed. The universe consists of Matter and No-matter. No-matter is the universal energy that constructs a consistent universe field, presenting a spiral wave motion at the speed of light at the small scale. The partial collapse of the universal energy forms the particles of the universal energy in a variety of sizes, which are called as the elementary particles. These elementary particles form atom and matter, which construct the galaxies. The collapse of the universe field induces the formation of the universe collapse potential (UCP) and universe collapse force (UCF), and the later is represented by four different aspects of the fundamental forces at the large or small scales. The mathematical equation and the derivation of UCP and UCF are described, and possible experimental tests are also suggested. Therefore, this new model may give a novel explanation for the unification of four fundamental forces and the origin and the evolution of the universe.

Evolutionary Origin of Religions and Religious Evolution: Religious Neurosociology

The paper proposes that the evolutionary origin of religions is based on theory of mind as the product of interdependent division of labor between the forest specialist group (women and small children) and the woodland specialist group (men) in early hominins who lived in the mixed forest-woodland habitat. To complement each other’s work without interfering each other’s work, one specialist group had to recognize (imagine) that the other specialist group existed to think for themselves and to do different works. The result was theory of mind which is to recognize (imagine) that the others exist to think for themselves. (The forest-woodland groups became the hunter-gatherer groups for the Homo species in the savanna habitat.) Under existential pressure, hominins invented imaginary specialists as imaginary agents who existed to think for themselves and to do different works in imaginary division of labor to enhance survival chance. The result was religion with imaginary behaviors. Therefore, religion is defined as a set of beliefs and behaviors based on theory of mind that produces a shared imagination to enhance survival chance under existential pressure. This paper proposes that the religious evolution consists of the premodern imaginative religion for local society habitat starting from bipedalism, the modern rational imaginative religion for regional society habitat starting from the Axial Age, and the postmodern diverse rational imaginative religion for global society habitat starting from the Information Revolution. In conclusion, the religious brain is the imaginative brain, and the religious social behaviors are imaginary social behaviors. The religious evolution is the evolution of human imagination to enhance survival chance under existential pressure, such as the religious reinforcement of social bonds to enhance the survival chance of social group and the religious relief of stress and anxiety to enhance the survival chance of individuals.

A Summary about the Formation and Development of"Alcohol Injury"Theory

The number of people who are sickened by alcohol is rising every year in China,and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has a long history and remarkable therapeutic effect on the treatment of"Alcohol Injury"diseases.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the theory of"Alcohol Injury".This paper expounds the historical origin,treatment prescription and related diseases of the theory of"Alcohol Injury".

Possible Evolutionary Models in the Initially Hydride Earth Theory

A modern view of the properties of chemical elements has confirmed the theory of the hot origin of the Earth. The next step in developing this theory was the hypothesis of the initial hydride Earth. In this work, we attempted to find additional evidence for this hypothesis and show additional effects that flow from it. The effect of the physical properties of atoms and ions on their behavior during the formation of the Earth was studied. The maximum contribution to the distribution of elements was made by those elements whose content in the original protoplanets of the disk was the maximum. Correlation dependence is obtained, which allows one to calculate the distribution of elements in the protoplanetary disk. It was shown that hydrogen was the main element in the proto substance located in the zone of the Earth’s formation. In this case, various chemical compounds formed, most represented by hydrogen compounds—hydrides. Since the pressure inside the Earth is 375 GPa, this factor forces the chemical compounds to adopt stoichiometry and structure that would not be available in atmospheric conditions. It is shown that many chemical elements at high pressure in a hydrogen medium form simple hydrides and super hydrides—polyhydrides with high hydrogen content. Pressure leads to a higher density of matter inside the planet. Given the possibility of forming polyhydrides, there is the possibility of binding the initially available hydrogen in an amount that can reach 49.3 mole%. Young Earth could contain about 10.7 mass% of hydrogen in hydrides, polyhydrides, and adsorbed form is almost twice higher than previous estimates. This fact additionally confirms the theory of the original hydride Earth. In hydrides, the occurrence of the phenomenon of superconductivity was discovered. Polyhydrides were shown as potential superconductors with a high critical temperature above 200 K. We, based on these data, hypothesized the presence of superconducting properties in the Earth’s core, which explains the presence of a magnetic field in the Earth, as well as the unevenness and instability of this field and the possibility of migration of the Earth’s poles. The fact that the Earth has a hydroid core causes its change in time due to the instability of hydrides. Arranged several possible models of the destruction of the Earth’s core. The calculations showed that both models give close results. These results give predictions that can be measured. The proposed models also made it possible to estimate the initial size of the Earth. Possible ways of further testing the hypothesis of the initial hydride Earth is shown.

基于毒邪与络病学说探讨免疫炎症在慢性心力衰竭中作用

慢性心力衰竭(以下简称心衰),是各种心脏疾病的终末期阶段,其发病机制与免疫炎症密切相关。免疫细胞激活后,产生大量炎症因子,损伤心肌细胞,导致心肌纤维化、心室重构等病理改变。“毒损心络”是心衰发生、发展的主要病机,贯穿心衰发展的始终,以不同的形式影响心衰的发展及预后。该文通过查阅相关文献,基于毒邪与络病学说,从免疫炎症与心衰的关系及中药防治进行系统梳理,提出心衰早期,以心气虚为主,兼心气阴虚,尚未化毒、入络;心衰中期,心气亏虚为本,痰浊、瘀血、水饮留滞络脉,有化毒、入络趋势;心衰晚期,痰、瘀、水蕴结成毒,损伤心络。中药以复方治疗为主,多具有益气温阳、化瘀利水、解毒通络之功效,通过恢复M1/M2、Th1/Th2及Th17/Treg细胞之间的动态平衡,调节促炎/抗炎因子,从根本上祛除或缓解因毒邪产生的病理状态,减轻炎症,调整心之气血阴阳,达到扶正祛邪、保护心功能的作用,为临床防治心衰提供指导。

The Principle of Differentiation into Physical and Mathematical Theories

The article formulates the main principle of physics, which underlies this science. This principle has been called by the author of this article the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories. The article gives examples of the application of this principle in quantum mechanics and cosmology. A more detailed proof of the principle of equivalence of the electromagnetic field and the field of strong interaction to a free material particle is given. This principle, formulated in the article “Electrodynamics in Curvilinear Coordinates and the Equation of a Geodesic Line”, revealed the nature of the mass of elementary particles and became the basis for the formulation of the Principle of differentiation into physical and mathematical theories.

The Origin of Four-Character Structures with er (而) in Literary Translation from English into Chinese: A Descriptive Study of A Passage

Four-character structures in Chinese are commonly discussed as tools of embodying the aesthetic properties of both oral and written literature works.The use of four-character structures in the Chinese translated texts could have the same function,and it is not hard to find in the Chinese translations of English literature works that four-character structures are largely adopted.Through collecting four-character structures with er(而)from a translated work of A Passage to India,and investigating on their origins in the source English text,this thesis uses statistic methods to induce some linguistic properties on the counterparts.From the perspective of analyzing those counterparts which correspond to the Chinese four-character structure translations,certain characteristics or properties are discovered,and inspirations on literary translation techniques are provided.Some discussions are also made concerning possible relations between the four-character structures with er(而)and their ST counterparts.

On the Context Vein of“Competence”and Its Generating Mecha­nism-based on the Perspective of Situational Learning Theory

“Key competence”has become a hot vocabulary in educational reform in recent years.However,the essential connotation and specific generation mechanism of“competence”as its basic concept are still far from clear,and often controversial due to vague expressions.The rise of the concept of“key competence”undoubtedly originated in the West,but in the context of Chinese,its meaning has changed significantly.By analyzing the origin and evolution of the concept of“competence”in the Western social context and the concept from“quality”to“competence”in the Chinese social context,we can deeply understand the essence of the concept of“competence”and further clarify the specific generation mechanism of“competence”and its relationship with education.Analyzing the formation of competence based on situational learning theory emphasizes the occurrence of competence through participation in situational activities,the development of learning courses and identity consultation,which can provide some inspiration for the formation of competence.

Research and Development of Skincare Products Based on the Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine

The application of traditional Chinese medicine in skincare formula development was expounded from the views of“symptom,theory,method,prescription,medicine and effect”.Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions were improved according to the laws and regulations for China’s cosmetic industry and by the modern scientific and technological means,which had important guiding significance for the research and development of plant-based functional skincare products.The problems in concept claim and quality control standard,and the problems of market confusion,which were ascribed to the lack of basic research in the application of Chinese herbal cosmetics,were pointed out.The future development direction of plant-based functional cosmetics guided by TCM theory was prospected.

痛风病中医认识源流考

痛风病是与高尿酸血症、尿酸盐沉积密切相关的慢性、进展性、致残性代谢疾病。本文旨在系统梳理痛风病各阶段相关的中医药古籍记载,厘清其中医药认识发展脉络,明确各时期对痛风病的认知及其特点,为痛风病深入研究和临床防治提供中医药理论支撑。通过查阅先秦至明清时期中医医论、方书、本草及医案106部,从中归纳整理有关痛风病的中医药认识,包括病名、症状、病因病机及治疗用药等,探析其发展源流。先秦时期,中医药古籍零星记载了痛风病各阶段的症状、病名和(或)病因病机;汉至隋唐,医家在扩充病名、症状及病因病机的基础上,提出了多种内外治法,标志着痛风病理论形成;宋元明清,证候分型、鉴别诊断及饮食禁忌等论述丰富了这一理论。中医药对痛风病的认识萌芽于先秦,理论形成于汉至隋唐,丰富发展于宋元明清,逐渐形成了一套较为全面的痛风病中医理论体系。