Relationship Between Urban Road Traffic Characteristics and Road Grade Based on a Time Series Clustering Model： A Case Study in Nanjing, China

With the increasing number of vehicles in large-and medium-sized cities challenges in urban traffic management, control, and road planning are being faced. Taxi GPS trajectory data is a novel data source that can be used to study the potential dynamic traffic characteristics of urban roads, and thus identify locations that show a notable lack of road planning. Considering that road traffic characteristics on their own are insufficient for a comprehensive understanding of urban traffic, we develop a road traffic characteristic time series clustering model to analyze the relationship between urban road traffic characteristics and road grade based on existing taxi trajectory data. We select the main urban area of Nanjing as our study area and use the taxi trajectory data of a single month for evaluating our method. The experiments show that the clustering model exhibit good performance and can be successfully used for road traffic characteristic classification. Moreover, we analyze the correlation between traffic characteristics and road grade to identify road segments with planning designs that do not match the actual traffic demands.

Optimizing Rank of Landscape Planning Works of Urban Wetland Park

Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.

Detection and Adjustment of Undocumented Discontinuities in Chinese Temperature Series Using a Composite Approach

Annually averaged daily maximum and minimum surface temperatures from southeastern China were evaluated for artificial discontinuities using three different tests for undocumented changepoints. Changepoints in the time series were identified by comparing each target series to a reference calculated from values observed at a number of nearby stations. Under the assumption that no trend was present in the sequence of target-reference temperature differences, a changepoint was assigned to the target series when at least two of the three tests rejected the null hypothesis of no changepoint at approximately the same position in the difference series. Each target series then was adjusted using a procedure that accounts for discontinuities in average temperature values from nearby stations that otherwise could bias estimates of the magnitude of the target series step change. A spatial comparison of linear temperature trends in the adjusted annual temperature series suggests that major relative discontinuities were removed in the homogenization process. A greater number of relative change points were detected in annual average minimum than in average maximum temperature series. Some evidence is presented which suggests that minimum surface temperature fields may be more sensitive to changes in measurement practice than maximum temperature fields. In addition, given previous evidence of urban heat island （i.e., local） trends in this region, the assumption of no slope in a target-reference difference series is likely to be violated more frequently in minimum than in maximum temperature series. Consequently, there may be greater potential to confound trend and step changes in minimum temperature series.

The Role of Voluntary Youth Work in Media in Professional Development of Young People and Documentation of Urban Space in Wroclaw （Poland）

Wroclaw is mostly known for being a university town. In addition, the city is known in Poland for its sports history--basketball and football-and for many cultural events such as the Review of Stage Songs or African Culture Brave Festival. Because of the fact that Wroclaw is one of the largest and most important cities in Poland, it quickly becomes a subject of interest in new media, including the Internet, which becomes a field for community projects. This gives a tremendous opportunity to Wroclaw＇s youth who can participate in the life of Wroclaw, as well as by volunteering learn the basics of journalism and pursue their passions in an active and creative way. In perspective of those fact, the main aim of the planned paper is to describe evolution process of possibilities which Internet media gives to young people who would like to be a journalist. It is also a trial of analysis on how citizen journalism destroyed media voluntary youth work in Wroclaw, where in fact real citizen journalism was started by young people. What is more, paper＇s goal is to present methods of urban space documentation created by teenage journalists to show multicultural spectrum of Wroclaw.

Info Works ICM管网模型在洪涝淹没分析中的应用

随着城市现代化的建设和发展,城市洪涝安全问题日益突出,近几年我国频繁出现城市内涝灾害,给广大人民群众生命财产造成损失。国内多地已经在城市规划中对城市洪涝安全问题开展专项评估,以广州市某规划地块为例,基于Info Works ICM城市综合流域排水模型软件,构建区域排水管网模型,对多种设计工况下的区域排水管网排水能力和积水深度进行模拟,可为城市防洪排涝系统和海绵城市提供规划和建设的依据。

Factors Influencing Migrant Workers' Urban Labor Patterns: Willing Working Time in Urban Areas as the Mediator

China is witnessing a very complicated economic development environment.Migrant workers'working patterns will directly affect their income level and the realization of many economic and social development goals.This paper collects relevant data from three places:Shanghai,Lanzhou and Chengdu for empirical research whose results show that determinants of migrant worker's willing working time in urban areas mainly include the“income-consumption difference”,“urban-rural consumption difference”and their“urban income and expenditure uncertainty”.These factors directly affect their effective working time in the city,and determine their choice of choosing corresponding work patterns.From the significant differences of these factors,we can see that migrant workers in China is still struggling to solve their material needs under the pressure of livelihood,and less attention is paid to their spiritual needs and the pursuit of quality of life.

Review of recent studies of the climatic effects of urbanization in China

This paper summarizes recent studies on the effects of urbanization on climate in China. The effects of urbanization on local climate trends have been re-estimated based on homogenized observations and using improved methods. In this respect, the effect of urbanization on the observed warming trend of local surface air temperatures during the last few decades is determined as being about 20% at urban stations such as the Beijing Observatory. The large-scale weakening trend of wind speed is also about 20% more prominent at the city center than its surroundings. The effect of urbanization on precipitation is not profound, but results of high-resolution regional climate modeling suggest that this effect may depend on the urban extent. Although the urban heat island(UHI) should favor local atmospheric convection and hence precipitation, the increasingly extending urban land-use may reduce precipitation over the urban cluster in North China. It is found that urbanization can play a more notable role in extreme events than usual weather. High-resolution simulations show a positive feedback between the UHI and the super-heat wave in Shanghai during Julye August 2013. Relevant studies dealing with urban climate adaptation are discussed in relation to recent ?ndings.

Characterizing the Urban Temperature Trend Using Seasonal Unit Root Analysis:Hong Kong from 1970 to 2015

This paper explores urban temperature in Hong Kong using long-term time series. In particular, the characterization of the urban temperature trend was investigated using the seasonal unit root analysis of monthly mean air temperature data over the period January 1970 to December 2013. The seasonal unit root test makes it possible to determine the stochastic trend of monthly temperatures using an autoregressive model. The test results showed that mean air temperature has increased by 0.169~ C （10 yr） - 1 over the past four decades. The model of monthly temperature obtained from the seasonal unit root analysis was able to explain 95.9% of the variance in the measured monthly data -- much higher than the variance explained by the ordinary least-squares model using annual mean air temperature data and other studies alike. The model accurately predicted monthly mean air temperatures between January 2014 and December 2015 with a root-mean-square percentage error of 4.2%. The correlation between the predicted and the measured monthly mean air temperatures was 0.989. By analyzing the monthly air temperatures recorded at an urban site and a rural site, it was found that the urban heat island effect led to the urban site being on average 0.865~C warmer than the rural site over the past two decades. Besides, the results of correlation analysis showed that the increase in annual mean air temperature was significantly associated with the increase in population, gross domestic product, urban land use, and energy use, with the R2 values ranging from 0.37 to 0.43.

The Organic Unity of Purposiveness and Regularity：Dialectical Thinking on President Xi Jinping’s Economic Work

President Xi Jinping has constantly taken theeconomic development as the central work from theperspective of historical materialism and dialecticalmaterialism. He corresponds to the law of economicdevelopment, and accurately masters the important logicrelations between economy and politics, government andmarket. Meanwhile, he proposes that China should useoverall planning to deal with the difficulty of urban-ruralintegration so as to thoroughly solve the three agriculture-related issues. Then, it is possible to achieve the organicunity of purposiveness and regularity.

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Urban Land Surface Temperature Based on Local Climate Zones in Xi’an Metropolitan,China

Local climate zones(LCZs)are an effective nexus linking internal urban structures to the local climate and have been widely used to study urban thermal environment.However,few studies considered how much the temperature changed due to LCZs transformation and their synergy.This paper quantified the change of urban land surface temperature(LST)in LCZs transformation process by combining the land use transfer matrix with zonal statistics method during 2000–2019 in the Xi’an metropolitan.The results show that,firstly,both LCZs and LST had significant spatiotemporal variations and synchrony.The period when the most LCZs were converted was also the LST rose the fastest,and the spatial growth of the LST coincided with the spatial expansion of the built type LCZs.Secondly,the LST difference between land cover type LCZs and built type LCZs gradually widened.And LST rose more in both built type LCZs transferred in and out.Finally,the Xi’an-Xianyang profile showed that the maximum temperature difference between the peaks and valleys of the LST increased by 4.39℃,indicating that localized high temperature phenomena and fluctuations in the urban thermal environment became more pronounced from 2000 to 2019.

Addressing the Challenge of Interpreting Microclimatic Weather Data Collected from Urban Sites

This paper presents some installation and data analysis issues from an ongoing urban air temperature and humidity measurement campaign in Hangzhou and Ningbo, China. The location of the measurement sites, the positioning of the sensors and the harsh conditions in an urban environment can result in missing values and observations that are unrepresentative of the local urban microclimate. Missing data and erroneous values in micro-scale weather time series can produce bias in the data analysis, false correlations and wrong conclusions when deriving the specific local weather patterns. A methodology is presented for the identification of values that could be false and for determining whether these are “noise”. Seven statistical methods were evaluated in their performance for replacing missing and erroneous values in urban weather time series. The two methods that proposed replacement with the mean values from sensors in locations with a Sky View Factor similar to that of the target sensor and the sensors closest to the target’s location performed well for all Day-Night and Cold-Warm days scenarios. However, during night time in warm weather the replacement with the mean values for air temperature of the nearest locations outperformed all other methods. The results give some initial evidence of the distinctive urban microclimate development in time and space under different regional weather forcings.

城市的新景观、诗学隐喻与修辞语言——论小说、舞台剧和电视剧《繁花》

金宇澄的小说《繁花》采取了图文并茂的方式来表现上海的城市空间,被认为是最好的表现上海的“城市小说”,舞台剧、电视剧《繁花》则通过舞台和影像直观地展现了上海的城市新景观。在舞台剧《繁花》中,导演马俊丰运用转台、多演区、多媒体等手段来展示舞台的假定性、空间性和意象性。电视剧《繁花》则拍出了20世纪80年代,尤其是90年代后的上海这个魔都的魅力。导演王家卫没有完全按照小说、舞台剧的散点式来结构,而是围绕着阿宝的焦点展开叙述,因此将电视剧《繁花》拍成了电影,或者说上升到了电影的高度。这也可以说是电视剧《繁花》的美学意义。

北京市职住失衡驱动因素研究及其对雄安新区规划的启示

职住失衡是近年来国内城市治理领域常见的“大城市病”之一,北京市尤为典型与严重,其成因与治理经验对新城规划有重要借鉴意义。我们采用“昼夜人口比”作为职住失衡水平的测度,发现由于城市产业结构的空间布局由核心城区向外围郊区扩散的速度暂未能跟上人口向外围转移的速度,考察期内北京市整体职住失衡程度趋于加剧,核心城区越来越偏向工作区,而外围郊区尤其是近郊区县则愈加偏重居住功能。基于2005—2021年北京市16区县面板数据模型的一系列实证研究发现:区县房价收入比越高,该区县越倾向成为常住人口流出的工作区;而地铁开通以及教育、医疗、零售市场的发展则会吸引居住人口流入,使之更偏向于居住而非工作的“睡城”,且该影响在去除了密云、延庆、平谷三个远郊区县后更为显著;各因素对核心城区与近郊区职住比的影响存在显著差异。雄安新区等国内新城规划时应注意借鉴北京经验,通过在城市区域内多点均衡配置优质产业、平衡区域间房价与房租差距、设置网格状交通系统等措施预防严重职住失衡现象。

市域社会治理现代化格局中社工组织协同治理的困境与突破

在市域社会治理现代化进程中,社会工作组织(简称“社工组织”)发挥着协同共治的重要功能。从宏观、中观和微观角度看,它是不同治理主体之间良性互动的纽带,是整合社会资源的平台,是实现助人自助、促进社会参与的有效助推。然而,在参与社会治理实践中,社工组织常常面临着资源配置、组织发展、角色定位、联动能力等多方面不可忽视的困境。因此,在社工组织参与社会治理的实践中,需要拓展筹资渠道、提升专业能力、营造社工服务品牌、加强社工身份认同、扩大公众认知和社会参与、促进治理主体多元化,以有效增进“协同共治”。

城市河网工程群多目标联合调度优化模型

城市河网工程群联合调度优化是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及多种闸、泵、堰等水利工程,是多时段、多对象、多约束、多目标非线性优化问题。基于此,提出了面向河网水环境改善目标的水工程群多目标联合调度优化模型,综合运用了“水量水质模型—优化调度模型—优化求解算法—方案优选方法”耦合方式,构建面向河网水环境改善的工程群多目标联合调度优化模型,并采用EMMOPSO算法的优化模型求解、基于AHP-TOPSIS的联合调度方案优选,以实现对河网水工程群联合调度的优化与决策支持,选择了长三角地区某城市河网开展了优化模型关键技术的数值试验与案例分析。结果表明:相较于水工程常规调度方式,本优化模型可以减少河网生态引水量23.9%~28.5%、提升河网水体水质达标度11.8%~90.4%,优化模型能够支撑平原城市河网地区取得显著的防洪除涝、水资源调配、水环境改善等多方面的综合效益。

村落中的“公主”——城市化进程中的成长陷阱

中国近40年的城市化进程,对女性成长具有特殊意味。有这样一群农村姑娘,她们本是家庭、村落或学校的宠儿,充满内在的骄傲,对人生有着特别的渴望期许,但最终走上了成功与幸福相对立的道路。对她们而言,成长中的陷阱遍布爱情、家庭与事业各个方面。在这里,赫然存在一种文化中断。这种文化中断不是根源于波伏瓦所说的“幸福的被动性”或布迪厄所说的“男性统治”及其背后的“象征暴力”,也不是由于家庭资本或社会经济地位的特殊影响,而是与一套外在的打断系统息息相关。正是这套打断系统在她们生活中再造了相互观看与占有、情感结构与事业组织、理论生活与生产性劳动的现实区分。而城乡二元体制,则是这种打断系统制度化的核心。从这里,我们看到了城市、学校与理论知识这样一套公共支持系统与女性成长的内在关联。

基于GRU神经网络的城市建筑垃圾产量预测

针对具有时间序列特征的城市建筑垃圾产量预测精度低的问题,提出了一种基于门控循环单元(GRU)神经网络的预测模型。首先,根据《河南统计年鉴》收集了2002-2022年郑州市建筑垃圾产量和相关影响因素数据并进行相关性分析。然后,构建GRU神经网络预测模型,划分训练集与验证集,确定隐藏层神经元个数,同时采用自适应矩估计(Adam)算法更新梯度。最后,引入循环神经网络(RNN)和长短期记忆网络(LSTM)模型进行比较,选择绝对误差(MAE)、百分比误差(MAPE)以及相关系数(R^(2))验证模型性能。结果表明,GRU模型的预测结果更接近真实值,且具有更强的线性相关性。此外,利用该模型对2023-2027年郑州市建筑垃圾产量进行预测,结果显示到2027年建筑垃圾将达到8675.84万t。

基于夜光遥感的江苏省城市格局动态发展研究

与人类活动息息相关的夜光遥感影像已被广泛应用于社会经济研究,在研究城市动态发展等方面具有极大的应用潜力。基于2012—2021年年均NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感影像,利用夜间灯光统计、位序—规模法则和标准差椭圆分析了江苏省城市化动态发展过程。结果表明,江苏省整体的夜光总量呈增长态势(增速为75.4%),其中苏北地区的增速最明显,盐城市高达174.5%,苏中和苏北地区夜光规模占比均有所上升;捷夫指数呈下降趋势,城市间呈分散型发展,结构愈加均衡;标准差椭圆面积有所增大,在空间上呈扩张趋势,椭圆重心向西北方向偏移。

全国城乡规划专业城市设计课程作业竞赛的分析与思考

“城市设计课程作业评优”是全国城乡规划专业最高层次、最为规范、最受认可的一项设计竞赛。以2005年—2019年的竞赛获奖名单为样本,根据教学发展过程与城市设计发展的关键时间节点,将竞赛历程分为前期、中期、后期3个阶段,对竞赛的总体获奖情况、获奖院校的地域分布与院校类型特征、设计竞赛与获奖作品的主题特点进行了统计分析与交叉分析,从整体上把握其变化发展趋势。基于分析结果的思考,认为我国的城市设计课程教学应从以下四个方面做进一步的探索:坚持开放融合,共促共进的教学理念;构建“城市空间形态设计+”的教学内容;采用引入研究的设计教学方法;建立多元化的教学成果评估方式。