Detection of Chlorpyrifos Residues in Akesu Red Fuji Apple based on Near Infrared Spectrum

[Objective] The paper was to explore a method for detecting chlorpyrifos residues in red Fuji apple. [Method] The original spectral data of apple samples sprayed with different volume fractions of chlorpyrifos were collected using near infrared spectrometer at the band of 4 000-10 000 cm^（-1）. The original spectra were pre-treated by a variety of methods, and partial least squares（PLS） model was established for predictive analysis. [Result] Near infrared spectrum showed sensitivity to apple samples sprayed with different volume fractions of chlorpyrifos, but had low precision on pesticide-free samples. Data of blank control group were further eliminated for modeling prediction. The results showed that the results were the best when pre-treated with first derivative（FD）： R=0.987 9; the square error of prediction（SEP） was 0.173 6; the root-mean-square error of cross-validation（RMSECV） was 0.120 5; and the precision was 0.923 4. [Conclusion] Near infrared spectrum can better predict chlorpyrifos residue, providing a new method for detecting chlorpyrifos residues in Akesu red Fuji apple.

Multivariate analysis between meteorological factor and fruit quality of Fuji apple at different locations in China

China has the largest apple planting area and total yield in the world, and the Fuji apple is the major cultivar, accounting for more than 70％ of apple planting acreage in China. Apple qualities are affected by meteorological conditions, soil types, nutrient content of soil, and management practices. Meteorological factors, such as light, temperature and moisture are key environmental conditions affecting apple quality that are difficult to regulate and control. This study was performed to determine the effect of meteorological factors on the qualities of Fuji apple and to provide evidence for a reasonable regional layout and planting of Fuji apple in China. Fruit samples of Fuji apple and meteorological data were investigated from 153 commercial Fuji apple orchards located in 51 counties of 11 regions in China from 2010 to 2011. Partial least-squares regression and linear programming were used to analyze the effect model and impact weight of meteorological factors on fruit quality, to determine the major meteorological factors influencing fruit quality attributes, and to establish a regression equation to optimize meteorological factors for high-quality Fuji apples. Results showed relationships between fruit quality attributes and meteorological factors among the various apple producing counties in China. The mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures from April to October had the highest positive effects on fruit qualities in model effect loadings and weights, followed by the mean annual temperature and the sunshine percentage, the temperature difference between day and night, and the total precipitation for the same period. In contrast, annual total precipitation and relative humidity from April to October had negative effects on fruit quality. The meteorological factors exhibited distinct effects on the different fruit quality attributes. Soluble solid content was affected from the high to the low row preface by annual total precipitation, the minimum temperature from April to October, the mean temperature from April to October, the temperature difference between day and night, and the mean annual temperature. The regression equation showed that the optimum meteorological factors on fruit quality were the mean annual temperature of 5.5-18°C and the annual total precipitation of 602-1121 mm for the whole year, and the mean temperature of 13.3-19.6°C, the minimum temperature of 7.8-18.5°C, the maximum temperature of 19.5°C, the temperature difference of 13.7°C between day and night, the total precipitation of 227 mm, the relative humidity of 57.5-84.0％, and the sunshine percentage of 36.5-70.0％ during the growing period （from April to October）.

Linkage map and QTL mapping of red flesh locus in apple using a R1R1×R6R6 population

The red flesh in apple fruit is a desired trait by consumers and it is associated to the anthocyanin content,which is mainly controlled by MdMYB10 with a R6 promoter.In this study,a high-density linkage group was constructed using the‘Fuji’x‘Red3’population which contained homozygous alleles R1R1 and R6R6,respectively.The linkage group consists of 7630 SNPs along 17 linkage groups,spanning 2270.21 cM,with an average density of 0.30 cM permarker.The cyanidin-3-galactoside concentration was used as the phenotypic data in QTL analysis.Moreover,one QTL peak which was flaked by two markers,marker2187260 to marker2173766,with LOD scores of 4.49 was detected.This QTL ranged from 0 to 40.79 cM on the top of linkage group(LG16).In addition one candidate molecular marker(marker2175442)in this QTL was identified,which was significant correlated with the flesh cyanidin-3-galactoside concentration.These genetic findings enrich the breeding basis of fruit flesh coloration in apple.

Effect of Metaxenia on Sugars and Organic Acids and Taste Quality of Bagged Fuji Apple Fruits

In order to provide reference for the selection of appropriate pollination varieties facilitating the improvement of the flavor quality of bagged Fuji apple, the metaxenia effects of 5 pollination varieties on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit were studied. The results showed that the 5 pollination varieties had significant metaxenia effects on sugars, organic acids and flavor quality of bagged Fuji fruit. For the sugar components, the fruits pollinated with Golden Delicious and Jinxiuhaitang showed higher glucose contents, and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest sucrose content; the fruits pollinated by Gala, Golden Delicious and Ruby exhibited higher malic acids, and the oxalic acid content and the succinic acid content were higher in the fruits pollinated with Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby ; and the fruit pollinated with Gala had the highest total sugar content, and the total acid content was higher in the fruits pollinated by Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby. The sugar-acid ratio was higher in the fruits pollinated with Gala and Golden Delicious, and the lowest in the fruit pollinated with Ruby. The senso- ry evaluation of fruits showed that the fruit pollinated with Ruby tasted sour-sweet, while the fruits pollinated with other 4 pollination varieties were sour and sweet moderately.

Identification, through transcriptome analysis, of transcription factors that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in different parts of red-fleshed apple 'May' fruit

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoid compounds that provide pigmentation to plant organs, are beneficial components of the human diet and there is an interest in understanding the regulation of their formation in crop plants. The apple cultivar ‘May’ represents an excellent model for the study of anthocyanin metabolism due to the spatial color pattern of its flesh, which transitions sequentially from red to white to red again,from the outside to the inside of the apple fruit. To screen the transcription factors involved in the anthocyanin pathway, transcriptomes from differently colored sections of ‘May’ fruits were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) database was used to analyse the gene expression data. The results suggested differentially expressed genes(DEGs) that are related to phytohormones are involved in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. K-means clustering analysis revealed 167 common DEGs between different sections of fruit with the same expression pattern as candidates for regulating anthocyanin synthesis. Further analysis showed that nine of the 167 DEGs were annotated as transcription factors and quantitative real time PCR(qRT-PCR) confirmed that their expression was obviously higher in red regions of the fruit, consistent with their roles as hub genes that regulate anthocyanin synthesis. This study provides valuable results for future studies of anthocyanin synthesis in apple fruit.

Analysis of Aroma Volatile Compounds in Fuji Apple Using SPME with Different Fiber Coatings

The aroma volatile compounds in Fuji apple were isolated by solid-phase microextraction( SPME),and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS). The results showed that the optimal retention time of the heating up of capillary columns was 5 min. Of the seven fibers used in this work,DVB/CAR/PDMS was found to be the most suitable to extract the aroma volatile compounds in Fuji apple. A total number of 43 volatile compounds were identified according to their retention time on capillary columns and their mass spectra,including eleven esters,ten alcohols,ten aldehydes,seven alkenes,two anhydrides,one ketone,one phenol and one ether. This detection method will provide a new foundation for analysis of volatile compounds in apple were identified.

Measurement of sugar content in Fuji apples by FT-NIR spectroscopy

To evaluate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy and the influence of the distance between the light source/detection probe and the fruit for measuring the sugar content (SC) of Fuji apples, diffuse reflectance spectra were measured in the spectral range from 12500 to 4000 cm^-1 at 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm distances. Four calibration models at four distances were established between diffused reflectance spectra and sugar content by partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The correlation coefficients (R) of calibrations ranged from 0.982 to 0.997 with SEC values from 0.138 to 0.453 and the SECV values from 0.74 to 1.58. The best model of original spectra at 0 mm distance yielded high correlation determination of 0.918, a SEC of 0.092, and a SEP of 0.773. The results showed that different light/detection probe-fruit distances influence the apple reflective spectra and SC predictions.

Analysis on Free Spindle Pruning Mode and Related Factors in Fuji Apple

In order to clarify the correlations between the free spindle pruning mode and various factors in Fuji apple,the growth data of the free spindle-shaped short branch Fuji apple Tianhong No. 2 and the free spindle-shaped long branch Fuji apple Changfu No. 2 in the Apple Demonstration Park of Xingtang County,Hebei Province were investigated. Using SPSS statistical software,the correlations between the stem tapering grade and various growth traits were analyzed. The results showed that in Tianhong No. 2,the stem tapering grade was negatively correlated with various growth traits of the central shaft,and the correlation coefficients between the stem tapering grade and the central shaft total thickness,the central shaft average thickness,the central shaft total length and the central shaft average length were-0. 228,-0. 033,-0. 411 and-0. 430,respectively; and in Changfu No. 2,the stem tapering grade was positively correlated with various growth traits of the central shaft,and the correlation coefficients between the stem tapering grade and the central shaft total thickness,the central shaft average thickness,the central shaft total length and the central shaft average length were 0. 475,0. 181,0. 120 and 0. 258,respectively. This paper can provide a scientific basis for guiding the construction of free spindle pruning mode in densely planted dwarf apple trees.

Effects of 1-methylcyclopropene treatment on the quality of red‘Fuji’apples fruit during short-term storage

Objectives:The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism through which 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)affects the quality of red'Fuji'apples,which were stored for a short duration.Materials and Methods:Red‘Fuji’apples were treated with 1-MCP(1.0μl/L),stored at 25℃for0,12,24,48,72,and 96 h,and ethylene pro-duction was measured.An integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed on apples stored for 24 h.Results:The release of ethylene was significantly delayed from red‘Fuji’apples subjected to 1-MCP treatment.By performing an integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses,we identified 117 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and 44 differentially accumulated metabol-ites(DAMs).By performing functional enrichment analysis,we found that DEGs were involved in the following pathways;carbon metabolism(LPD2,gpmA,LTA2,ACC,PSAT1,MdCAS2),phytohormone signal transduction(EBF 7),amino acid metabolism(MdACS-1),fatty acid metab-olism(LOX1.5,KCS4,KAST),energy metabolism(Lhcb1,Lhcb6,PsbY,GPDHC1,PUMP5I,metabolic pathways(TRE1,HEXO1)and cell wall metabolism(CSLG2).Thus,these DEGs were involved in the ripening of fruits,and they controlled the quality of fruits at the post-harvest stage.The metabolites were enriched with DAMs.These were found to be individually involved in the metabolic pathway,secondary metabolite bio-synthesis,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,flavonoids,and flavonol synthesis.Conclusions:The results indicate that 1-MCP inhibits the biosynthesis of ethylene and suppresses energy metabolism.Moreover,it also downregulates metabolic pathways and the enzymatic genes related to fruit quality.Therefore,1-MCP delays the ripening of fruits at the post-harvest stage.This study helps us understand how 1-MCP treatment affects the ripening and quality of fruits.

基于气相离子迁移谱技术分析延安市不同县区的富士苹果挥发性成分的差异

目的分析比较延安市不同区县富士苹果之间挥发性成分的差异。方法采用气相离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)技术对延安市13个县区的晚熟富士苹果的挥发性成分进行分析,建立富士苹果的挥发性成分特征指纹图谱,并进行主成分法和聚类分析法分析。结果在延安市13个县区富士苹果样品中共鉴别出的挥发性成分54种,主要有酯类、醇类、酮类、醛类和酸类等物质,各县区富士苹果的酯类和醇类物质占比较高,分别占总挥发性成分的48.98%~53.19%和13.04%~19.23%。13个县区富士苹果共有的挥发性成分有2-乙基呋喃、丙酸乙酯、甲酸异戊酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸异戊酯、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯等,这些物质共同奠定了延安富士苹果香气的总体基调,各县区富士苹果的挥发性成分的具体种类和含量各有不同。结论本研究通过建立挥发性成分特征指纹图谱,明确了延安市不同区县富士苹果之间挥发性成分存在的差异。研究发现延安市宝塔区的富士苹果挥发性成分种类及含量较丰富,其特征性物质有巴豆酸乙酯、异丙醇、2,3-丁二酮、乙酸甲酯等。黄陵县富士苹果特有丁酸丙酯、丁酸甲酯等物质。宜川县富士苹果的特征性物质有反式-2-已烯醛、丁酸异戊酯、丁酸等。此外富县富士苹果中含量丰富的挥发性成与黄陵县富士苹果的部分挥发性成分一致。洛川县、甘泉县、黄龙县和吴起县的富士苹果中含量丰富的挥发性成分较为相似;子长市、安塞区、志丹县、延长县的富士苹果中含量丰富的挥发性成分较为相似。结果表明GC-IMS技术在延安市富士苹果的挥发性成分的分析方面具有较好的应用价值,可用于不同县区富士苹果的风味识别和品质评价。

富士苹果差异化和高值化利用模式分析

富士苹果是我国主要栽培的苹果品种,具有酸甜可口、耐贮藏等特点,深受消费者的喜爱。但富士苹果种植面积大,产量高,不同推广利用模式对苹果销售价格影响很大。本文对黄金富士、晚采雪苹果富士、艺术苹果、功能苹果、锈果富士、不同颜色富士品种混搭等8种富士苹果高价格利用模式的销售价格、种植收益等进行了调研,以期为富士苹果差异化、高值化、产业化开发提供借鉴。

4种矮化自根砧对宫藤富士苹果抗盐性的影响

比较了盐胁迫对不同矮化自根砧宫藤富士苹果生长的影响,为土壤盐碱化地区苹果矮化自根砧木的选用与抗盐机理研究提供参考。以SH6、M9T337、G935、G114种矮化自根砧宫藤富士苹果2年生盆栽苗为试材,浇灌0.5%NaCl、1.0%NaCl溶液进行胁迫处理,以浇灌去离子水为对照,在持续处理60 d后调查盐害指数,测定生长、矿质元素含量等指标。结果表明:G11矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株盐害指数最高,其次为SH6矮化自根砧和M9T337矮化自根砧,G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株盐害指数最低,表现最为抗盐;盐胁迫下各矮化自根砧植株生长均受到显著抑制,生物量积累以G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株最高,G11矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株最低。在1.0%NaCl胁迫处理下,G11矮化自根砧富士叶片Na^(+)含量升高程度最大,为对照叶片的34.4倍;而G935矮化自根砧宫藤富士叶片Na^(+)含量升高程度最低,仅为对照叶片的2.4倍。4种矮化自根砧宫藤富士植株的抗盐性由强到弱依次为G935>M9T337>SH6>G11,抗盐矮化自根砧能够有效维持宫藤富士植株地上部低钠水平可能是其抗盐性形成的关键因素。

不同产区红富士苹果酒品质分析

该研究采用中国延安、铜川、洛川、阿克苏、昭通、灵宝、烟台、静宁红富士苹果为原料酿制红富士苹果酒,对其理化指标、挥发性成分、感官特征进行分析,对主要挥发性风味物质的香气活力值(OAV)与感官特征进行主成分分析(PCA)。结果表明,红富士苹果汁酿制成苹果酒后,可溶性固形物、总糖含量下降,总酸含量增加,其含量分别为3.02~3.72°Bx、28.9~34.3 g/L、3.43~5.57 g/L,酒精度为6.43%vol~7.20%vol;苹果酒中共检出50种挥发性风味物质,其中以酯类、醇类物质种类最多,分别为22种、15种,其含量分别为18.56~41.69 mg/L、16.55~65.33 mg/L,共有挥发性风味物质包括癸酸乙酯、苯乙醇、正辛酸等18种;且OAV>1的关键香气物质有20种,其中酯类8种、醇类5种、酸类4种、其他类3种;主成分分析结果表明,基于感官特征及关键香气物质可区分不同产区的苹果酒。

矮砧密植红富士苹果树体矿质营养动态及需求特征

2021年,在河北省保定市唐县丹凤山苹果种植基地,动态监测矮砧密植苹果不同器官各时期N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B元素的变化和累积规律,分析矮砧密植苹果营养元素需求特性。结果表明:整个生长季内,叶片中的氮、磷、钾呈不同程度的降低趋势,钙和镁含量增加,其中镁波动较大但整体呈增加趋势;铁、锰、铜、锌和硼在叶、枝、干和根中均在前期含量高,铁、铜和硼在后期低,锰和锌则是在中期含量低;果实中氮、磷、铁、锰、锌和硼均呈现前期高、后期低,铜和钙在中期含量较高,镁变化较平稳,钾则呈逐渐升高的趋势。单位产量常量元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg需求比例是1.00∶0.17∶1.88∶0.75∶0.25,微量元素Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B需求比例为1.00∶0.66∶0.44∶0.20∶0.46。生产1000 kg果实,盛果期矮砧密植富士苹果营养元素需求为氮1.32 kg、磷0.23 kg、钾2.48 kg、钙0.99 kg、镁0.33 kg、铁14.44 g、锰9.56 g、铜6.40 g、锌2.82 g、硼6.59 g。研究认为,苹果树生长前期对氮需求较高,磷、钾累积量逐渐上升,微量元素利用树体贮存的营养且消耗较少,中期对氮需求量相对减少而对磷、钾和微量元素的需求增强;基施应以氮肥为主,追施磷、钾肥,中后期补充钙、镁肥,适时适量补充微量元素。

应用特征融合预测富士苹果可溶性固形物含量

针对传统苹果无损检测方法成本高,不利于携带等问题,使用富士苹果RGB图像的不同特征预测其可溶性固形物含量。通过统计方法和卷积神经网络提取苹果图像的颜色特征、纹理特征和局部特征。拼接以上特征,利用融合特征训练回归模型,得到预测结果。结果表明,基于融合特征的模型的预测决定系数Rp2=0.6557,优于基于单一特征的模型。

不同药剂对苹果树腐烂病防治效果的影响

为防治苹果树腐烂病,在刮病斑条件下涂化学药剂,调查治愈率和病斑愈合宽度。结果表明,苹果树腐烂病治愈率,甲硫萘乙酸+涂立康原液、43 g/L戊唑醇200倍液处理的最高,分别为96.15%、95.24%,高出对照12.82%、11.91%;其次为腐轮特原液、3%甲基硫菌灵原液、3.3%腐酸·硫酸铜原液、4.5%腐殖·硫酸铜原液,治愈率达90%以上,高出对照6.67%~7.58%;其余药剂治愈率在90%以下。病斑伤口两侧平均愈合宽度,甲硫萘乙酸+涂立康原液最高,为14.6 mm,高出对照44.55%;其次为4.5%腐殖·硫酸铜原液、腐轮特原液,分别为13.0、12.8 mm,高出对照28.71%、26.73%;再次为43 g/L戊唑醇200倍液、3%甲基硫菌灵原液,分别为11.3、11.1 mm,高出对照11.88%、9.90%;骨质种子提取液原液最低,为9.8 mm,低于对照。总之,刮净病斑涂抹甲硫萘乙酸+涂力康原液效果最好,43 g/L戊唑醇200倍液、腐轮特原液、4.5%腐殖·硫酸铜原液效果较好,建议生产上大面积推广应用。

云南昭通与环渤海湾等3个产区红富士苹果品质的比较

以云南昭通和环渤海湾、西北黄土高原、黄河故道4个苹果产区的11个主栽县(区)的红富士苹果为试材,测定其果实品质,检测了单果重、果面颜色、果形指数、硬度、弹性、花色苷含量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、总糖含量、果糖含量、总酸含量等13个指标。通过方差分析和变异系数分析昭通与其他3个产区的红富士果实13个品质指标差异,用TOPSIS法综合评价昭通与其他3个产区红富士果实综合品质差异。结果表明:昭通与其他3个产区的红富士苹果多数品质指标差异较大,其中花色苷含量差异最大,13个品质指标中,除单果重、果形指数和维生素C含量3个品质指标外,其余10个品质指标间均存在显著性差异;4个产区红富士苹果果实品质的TOPSIS综合评分由高到低依次为昭通>西北黄土高原>黄河故道>环渤海湾。

长枝木霉代谢物对极细链格孢产毒抑制机制解析

【目的】明确长枝木霉(SC5)代谢粗提物对极细链格孢(ABL2)产毒抑制机制。【方法】以富士苹果的叶片为供试材料,通过生长速率法、LC-MS和RT-qPCR技术测定了SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌落生长、6种非寄主选择性毒素产生及产毒相关基因表达的抑制作用。【结果】质量浓度为0.5 mg·mL^(-1)的SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌落生长和致病力具有显著的抑制作用,第6天时抑制率分别为38.08%和76.96%;同时,0.5 mg·mL^(-1) SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌株产生的非寄主选择性毒素TEN、ALT和TeA均具有显著抑制作用,其中处理2d后对毒素的抑制作用最显著,其含量分别降低69.39%、98.51%和48.99%,并且其合成相关基因TES、TES(1)、PksA和PksJ的表达量显著下调,分别降低89.02%、98.20%、46.49%和40.13%,但是对ABL2菌株非寄主选择性毒素ATX-I含量和参与编码其合成的PksF基因表达量具有提升作用。【结论】质量浓度为0.5mg·mL^(-1)的SC5代谢粗提物对ABL2菌株生长和致病力具有抑制作用,可能通过调控ABL2菌株TES、TES(1)、PksA和PksJ基因下调表达,进而降低TEN、ALT和TeA的毒素的产生量及致病力。

病虫害绿色防控药剂对免套袋苹果栽培效果的影响

苹果病虫害绿色防控是苹果免套袋栽培的一个重要技术环节,也是苹果收益的重要保障,但在实际生产中却存在诸多不足之处,而且应用的面积也很少。为了提升免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控技术的应用效果,以20%华碘抗胁迫生态膜、5%香芹酚和0.5%几丁聚糖三种药剂为试材进行免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控试验。通过免套袋苹果喷施七次病虫害绿色防控药剂及常规化学防治药剂,对比了病虫害不同防控方法对叶片生长、苹果果面色度、单果重、果实品质、病虫害危害率及农药残留的影响,研究了免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控技术和效果。结果表明,处理1和处理2均对病虫害危害率的影响显著,病叶率分别降低26.09%和31.03%,虫叶率分别降低76.74%和51.61%;均不影响苹果果面色度,也均对苹果果形指数、果实硬度均无显著影响。处理1对苹果单果重、可溶性固形物含量的影响均极显著,分别高出61.430 g和1.875%,但对叶片生长的影响不显著;相反,处理2对叶片生长的影响显著,百叶厚、百叶鲜重、百叶干重分别高出10.88 mm、16.44 g和6.80 g,但对苹果单果重、可溶性固形物含量的影响均不显著,对红富士苹果实现农药无残留。本试验可以减少化学农药使用五次、减少使用量40.34%。20%华碘抗胁迫生态膜、5%香芹酚和0.5%几丁聚糖三种药剂“三合一”作为免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控技术,是实现绿色果品生产的有效途径,有很好的应用前景。免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控可以使苹果免套袋栽培进一步达到生态环保、产品绿色安全的效果。之后会进一步试验研究免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控技术,同时加大示范面积,争取大面积在免套袋苹果生产上推广应用。

基于灰色关联度和层次分析法的不同富士系品种果实品质评价

为建立一套快速筛选出适合伊犁河谷栽培的优良苹果品种的方法,以富士系苹果品种为试材,选取单果质量、硬度、总酸含量、可溶性固形物、固酸比5个核心品质指标作为主要评价指标,采用层次分析法赋予主要品质指标的权重值,应用灰色关联度分析法对对伊犁河谷主要栽培的富士系苹果品种果实品质进行综合评价。结果表明:各富士系品种加权关联度值为0.5246~0.8576,烟富8号、晋18短枝富士、寒富、烟富7号、烟富6号的品质与理想品种的差距最小,综合品质最接近理想品种,品质最好;烟富3号、长富2号、石富的品质较好;宫琦短枝的品质较差。综上,应用灰色关联度和层次分析法可以有助于快速评判不同苹果品种果品品质,为良种选育应用推广提供科学依据。