State Estimation Moving Window Gradient Iterative Algorithm for Bilinear Systems Using the Continuous Mixed p-norm Technique

This paper studies the parameter estimation problems of the nonlinear systems described by the bilinear state space models in the presence of disturbances.A bilinear state observer is designed for deriving identification algorithms to estimate the state variables using the input-output data.Based on the bilinear state observer,a novel gradient iterative algorithm is derived for estimating the parameters of the bilinear systems by means of the continuous mixed p-norm cost function.The gain at each iterative step adapts to the data quality so that the algorithm has good robustness to the noise disturbance.Furthermore,to improve the performance of the proposed algorithm,a dynamicmoving window is designed which can update the dynamical data by removing the oldest data and adding the newestmeasurement data.A numerical example of identification of bilinear systems is presented to validate the theoretical analysis.

An Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridges under Moving Vehicle Loads by Using the Moving Mesh Technique

This work proposes a numerical investigation on the effects of damage on the structural response of Reinforced Concrete(RC)bridge structures commonly adopted in highway and railway networks.An effective three-dimensional FE-based numerical model is developed to analyze the bridge’s structural response under several damage scenarios,including the effects of moving vehicle loads.In particular,the longitudinal and transversal beams are modeled through solid finite elements,while horizontal slabs are made of shell elements.Damage phenomena are also incorporated in the numerical model according to a smeared approach consistent with Continuum Damage Mechanics(CDM).In such a context,the proposed method utilizes an advanced and efficient computational strategy for reproducing Vehicle-Bridge Interaction(VBI)effects based on a moving mesh technique consistent with the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)formulation.The proposed model adopts a moving mesh interface for tracing the positions of the contact points between the vehicle’s wheels and the bridge slabs.Such modeling strategy avoids using extremely refined discretization for structural members,thus drastically reducing computational efforts.Vibrational analyses in terms of damage scenarios are presented to verify how the presence of damage affects the natural frequencies of the structural system.In addition,a comprehensive investigation regarding the response of the bridge under moving vehicles is developed,also providing results in terms of Dynamic Amplification Factor(DAFs)for typical design bridge variables.

Land use induced blurring of forest-grassland transition in north-west Himalaya-A case study using Moving Split Window boundary detection technique

Transition zone or ecotone is a unique community sandwiched between two communities/ecosystems/biomes.These ecotones in Himalaya remained unexplored for many ecological aspects like biodiversity,phyto-sociology,boundary detection and even impact of change in land use pattern(anthropogenic activity).The most accepted and widespread technique called as Moving Split Window(MSW) technique is used for detection of vegetation and environmental boundaries at four different sites in the lesser stratum of north-west Himalaya.All the four sites were at different distances from the nearest human inhabited area.Anthropogenic activities like grazing,herb collection,wood collection etc.were common at proximal sites.Such activities have led to the change in land use pattern.In this study,we have tried to work out the impact of the change in land use pattern(human interference) on the vegetation and basic environmental parameters like soil pH,electrical conductivity and moisture on forestgrassland ecotone in north-west Himalaya.Data on mountain steepness was also collected and analyzed.The dissimilarity profile using the statistical tool Squared Euclidian Distance(SED) indicated that species turnover locations increase with the increase in distance of ecotones from human settlements.The ecotones at distant locations from human villages are characterized with blunt as well as sharp peaks for vegetation data,however,conditions are reverse in case of the proximal sites.The study also reveals that as the distance between the ecotone and human settlements increases,the complex conditions like multiple vegetation boundaries prevails on the transitions.In this regard,land use induced blurring of forest-grassland transition in north-west Himalaya is summed up in the study.

Investigations of Tracking Phenomena in Silicone Rubber Using Moving Average Current Technique

In the present work, tracking phenomenon in Silicone rubber material has beenstudied under AC and DC voltage, with ammonium chloride as a contaminant. It is observed that thetracking is more severe under the DC voltages. The tracking time is less under negative DC comparedto the positive DC voltage. The tracking mechanism is explained in detail. The leakage currentduring the tracking studies was as measured and the moving average technique was adopted tounderstand the trend in current flow. The leakage current magnitude is high with thermally agedspecimens compared to the virgin specimen, irrespective of the type of applied voltage. It isrealized that the tracking time and the leakage current magnitude shows an inverse relationship.

ON THE MOVING ADAPTIVE INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE VERTICAL RESOLUTION OF PICTURES IN TV

This paper deals with the method of moving adaptive interpolation technique. The interlaced scanning that structures the pictures in today’s television systems is changed into progressive scanning, which helps to greatly improve the vertical resolution of pictures.

Endovascular Application of Magnetic Resonance Double Mismatch Technique for Acute Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion with Cerebral Infarction in an Unknown Time Window

Objective:To investigate the clinical effects of applying the magnetic resonance double mismatch technique to endovascular treatment of acute anterior circulation,large vessel occlusion with cerebral infarction in an unknown time window.Methods:The research work was carried out in our hospital,the work was carried out from November 2018 to November 2019,the patients with acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion with cerebral infarction who were treated in our hospital during this period,100 patients,50 patients with an unknown time window and 50 patients with definite time window were selected,and they were named as the experimental and control groups,given different examination methods,were given to investigate the clinical treatment effect.Results:Patients’data on HIHSS score before treatment,the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage and rate of Mrs≤2 rating after 90 days of treatment were not significantly different(P>0.05),which was not meaningful.The differences in data between the two groups concerning HIHSS scores were relatively significant before,and after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:The magnetic resonance double mismatch technique will be applied in the endovascular treatment of acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion with cerebral infarction of unknown time window.

On-line Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Processes Using Variable Moving Window and Hidden Markov Model

An integrated framework is presented to represent and classify process data for on-line identifying abnormal operating conditions. It is based on pattern recognition principles and consists of a feature extraction step, by which wavelet transform and principal component analysis are used to capture the inherent characteristics from process measurements, followed by a similarity assessment step using hidden Markov model (HMM) for pattern comparison. In most previous cases, a fixed-length moving window was employed to track dynamic data, and often failed to capture enough information for each fault and sometimes even deteriorated the diagnostic performance. A variable moving window, the length of which is modified with time, is introduced in this paper and case studies on the Tennessee Eastman process illustrate the potential of the proposed method.

Double Moving Window MPCA for Online Adaptive Batch Monitoring

Online monitoring of chemical process performance is extremely important to ensure the safety of a chemical plant and consistently high quality of products. Multivariate statistical process control has found wide applications in process performance analysis, monitoring and fault diagnosis using existing rich historical database.In this paper, we propose a simple and straight forward multivariate statistical modeling based on a moving window MPCA (multiway principal component analysis) model along the time and batch axis for adaptive monitoring the progress of batch processes in real-time. It is an extension to minimum window MPCA and traditional MPCA.The moving window MPCA along the batch axis can copy seamlessly with variable run length and does not need to estimate any deviations of the ongoing batch from the average trajectories. It replaces an invariant fixed-model monitoring approach with adaptive updating model data structure within batch-to-batch, which overcomes the changing operation condition and slows time-varying behaviors of industrial processes. The software based on moving window MPCA has been successfully applied to the industrial polymerization reactor of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) process in the Jinxi Chemical Company of China since 1999.

Online Wavelet Denoising via a Moving Window

在这份报纸，在即时信号处理降噪的传统的小浪的缺点被讨论，联机降噪的要求被考虑，并且一扇动人的窗户被介绍进传统的小浪变换。用动人的窗户，降噪途径的联机小浪被建议。联机降噪的一些问题例如边阶失真和 pseudo-Gibbs 现象，被讨论。为了解决这些问题，窗户延期和窗户，周期旋转也被建议。不同途径被广泛地在降噪域使用的信号测试。视觉结果和量的措施被介绍加亮新途径的可获得性。

Comparison of four techniques for estimating temporal change of seismic velocity with passive image interferometry

Passive image interferometry （PII） is becoming a powerful tool for detecting the temporal variations in the Earth＇s structure, which applies coda wave interferometry to the waveforrns from the cross-correlation of seismic ambient noise. There are four techniques for estimating temporal change of seismic velocity with PII： moving-window cross-correlation technique （MWCCT）, moving-window cross-spectrum technique （MWCST）, stretching technique （ST） and moving-window stretching technique （MWST）. In this paper, we use the continuous seismic records from a typical station pair near the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake fault zone and generate three sets of waveforms by stacking cross-correlation function of ambient noise with different numbers of days, and then apply four techniques to processing the three sets of waveforms and compare their results. Our results indicate that the techniques based on moving-window （MWCCT, MWCST and MWST） are superior in detecting the change of seismic velocity, and the MWCST can give a better estimate of velocity change than the other moving-window techniques due to measurement error. We also investigate the clock errors and their influences on measuring velocity change. We find that when the clock errors are not very large, they have limited impact on the estimate of the velocity change with the moving-window techniques.

A Parametric Study of Mesh Free Interpolation Based Recovery Techniques in Finite Element Elastic Analysis

The paper presents a parametric study on interpolation techniques based postprocessed error estimation in finite element elastic analysis by varying important parameters of recovery,interpolation scheme and type of patch construction.The quality of error estimation with recovery parameters is compared in terms of local and global effectivity of error estimation,rate of error convergence,and adaptively refined meshes.A mesh free moving least square interpolation technique with proven reliability and effectivity is introduced for improving the recovery of finite element solution errors.The post-processed finite element solutions of elastic problems are presented for performance study under different parameters of recovery technique.The study concludes that recovery parameters of interpolation method have pronounced effect on the recovery of finite element solution error and analysis in adaptive environment.

Seedling germination technique of Carex brunnescens and its application in restoration of Maqu degraded alpine grasslands in northwestern China

Carex brunnescens(Pers.)Poir.is considered to be the only clonal herb found to date that can develop and form fixed dunes in Maqu alpine degraded grasslands of northwestern China.However,due to strong dormant characteristics of C.brunnescens seeds,the sand-fixing effect of the plant is severely limited.This study explores a technique that can rapidly promote the seed germination of C.brunnescens,and also investigates the adaptation and sand-fixing effect by cultivating C.brunnescens seedlings to establish living sand barriers in the sand ridges of moving sand dunes.Results show that the seed germination rate obtained a maximum of 63.7%or 65.1%when seeds were treated with 150 mg/L gibberellic acid(GA3)for 24 h followed by soaking in sulfuric acid(98%H2SO4)for 2.5 min or sodium hydroxide(10%NaOH)for 3.5 h,and then germinated(25°C in daytime and 5°C at nighttime)in darkness for 10 d.After breaking seed dormancy of C.brunnescens,the living sand barrier of C.brunnescens(plant spacing 15−20 cm;sand barrier spacing 10−20 m)was established in the perpendicular direction to the main wind in the middle and lower parts of the sand ridges on both sides of the moving sand dunes.When the sand ridges were leveled by wind erosion,the living sand barrier(plant spacing 15−20 cm;sand barrier spacing 0.5−1.0 m)of C.brunnescens was reestablished on the wind-eroded flat ground.Finally,a stable sand-fixing surface can be formed after connecting the living sand barriers on both sides,thus achieving a good sand-fixing effect.These findings suggest that rapid seed germination technology combined with the sand−fixing method of C.brunnescens can shorten the seed germination period and make the seedling establishment become much easier which may be an effective strategy to restore and reconstruct Maqu degraded grasslands.

Analysis of Landscape Patterns in the Urban-Rural Integrated Area Based on Moving Window: A Case Study of Sanshui District in Foshan City

The urban-rural integrated area in Sanshui District of Foshan City was selected for research, and the impact of landscape pattern around the No.269 provincial highway was analyzed based on the land-use data in 2014 using the spatial analysis in GIS and the moving window method. The results showed that:(1) within the scope of a 2 km-range buffer zone, with a low degree of heterogeneity, land for construction use and water area were the dominant land-use types, while with a high degree of fragmentation, cultivated land, wooded land, grassland, garden land, land for other farm uses, and land unused were scattered;(2) the 250-m square moving window could well detect the change characteristics of landscape pattern on both sides of the road;(3) the gradient analysis of landscape pattern in urban-rural integrated area, which was conducted with the aid of a 750-m transect on both sides of the road, indicated that there were significant differences between landscape indexes both in the urban-rural integrated area and on both sides of the road;(4) the road that had an obvious cutting and fragmentation impact on the landscape was an important factor leading to the increasing fragmentation and heterogeneity to regional landscapes.

Using Speech Recognition in Learning Primary School Mathematics via Explain, Instruct and Facilitate Techniques

The application of Information and Communication Technologies has transformed traditional Teaching and Learning in the past decade to computerized-based era. This evolution has resulted from the emergence of the digital system and has greatly impacted on the global education and socio-cultural development. Multimedia has been absorbed into the education sector for producing a new learning concept and a combination of educational and entertainment approach. This research is concerned with the application of Window Speech Recognition and Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Integrated/Interactive Development Environment in Multimedia-Assisted Courseware prototype development for Primary School Mathematics contents, namely, single digits and the addition. The Teaching and Learning techniques—Explain, Instruct and Facilitate are proposed and these could be viewed as instructors’ centered strategy, instructors’—learners’ dual communication and learners' active participation. The prototype is called M-EIF and deployed only users' voices;hence the activation of Window Speech Recognition is required prior to a test run.

Discriminant Analysis of Liquor Brands Based on Moving-Window Waveband Screening Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with integrated moving-window (MW) waveband screening was applied to the discriminant analysis of liquor brands with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Luzhou Laojiao, a popular liquor with strong fragrant flavor, was used as the identified liquor brand (160 samples, negative, 52 vol alcoholicity). Liquors of 10 other brands with strong fragrant flavor were used as the interferential brands (200 samples, positive, 52 vol alcoholicity). The Kennard-Stone algorithm was used for the division of modeling samples to achieve uniformity and representativeness. Based on the MW-PLS-DA, a simplified optimal model set with 157 wavebands was further proposed. This set contained five types of wavebands corresponding to the NIR absorption bands of water, ethanol, and other micronutrients (i.e., acids, aldehydes, phenols, and aromatic compounds) in liquor for practical choice. Using five selected simple models with 4775 - 4239, 7804 - 6569, 6264 - 5844, 9435 - 7896, and 12066 - 10373 cm-1, the validation recognition rates were obtained as 99.3% or higher. Results show good prediction performance and low model complexity, and also provided a valuable reference for designing small dedicated instruments. The proposed method is a promising tool for large-scale inspection of liquor food safety.

Application of Line Boundary Technique to 2D Tidal Current Simulation

To deal with the problems concerning the shore boundary, moving boundary and engineering boundary which are encountered frequently in 2D tidal current simulation by the finite difference method, the concept of line boundary is introduced and studied here, and then the line boundary technique in common use is proposed in this paper. Analysis of some calculation cases shows that this technique is practical, effective, and simple in 2D tidal current simulation involving different boundaries.

High-Dimensional Regression on Sparse Grids Applied to Pricing Moving Window Asian Options

The pricing of moving window Asian option with an early exercise feature is considered a challenging problem in option pricing. The computational challenge lies in the unknown optimal exercise strategy and in the high dimensionality required for approximating the early exercise boundary. We use sparse grid basis functions in the Least Squares Monte Carlo approach to solve this “curse of dimensionality” problem. The resulting algorithm provides a general and convergent method for pricing moving window Asian options. The sparse grid technique presented in this paper can be generalized to pricing other high-dimensional, early-exercisable derivatives.

伊犁河三角洲水资源条件变化对景观格局演变的影响

在分析1992—2020年伊犁河三角洲水资源条件和定量评估研究期内土地利用变化的基础上,选取景观类型水平和景观水平指数解析景观格局变化特征,采用皮尔逊相关系数分析了水资源条件变化对景观格局指数的影响。结果表明:乌斯热尔玛水文站年径流总体偏大,巴尔喀什湖年平均水位在2002年发生突变,三角洲水资源补给总体处于增加状态;湿地和稀疏植被面积增大且聚集性增强,裸地向稀疏植被转化且优势度不断下降,林地破碎程度剧烈;景观水平指数在时程上呈阶段性变化,2016年伊犁河三角洲破碎化程度最低,在空间上伊犁河沿岸连通性增强,巴尔喀什湖沿岸景观多样性增加;景观水平指数与巴尔喀什湖年平均水位相关性最高,与乌斯热尔玛水文站年径流量的相关性次之,与伊犁河三角洲年降水量的相关性最低,且景观水平指数对三角洲水资源条件变化存在迟滞响应。

运河文化影响下的临清中洲古城民居木质门窗技艺研究

门窗作为传统民居建筑的重要组成部分,具有实用和审美的双重价值,蕴含着独特的地域民俗文化和乡土审美观念。本文以临清中洲古城民居正房明间的木质门窗为研究对象,对运河文化影响下的临清民居形式进行概述,从装饰艺术角度阐释门窗纹样承载的运河文化内涵,并总结门窗建造过程中所使用的榫卯技艺,以期为我国传统民居建筑门窗的保护与发展提供参考。

航天器轨道机动自适应逆向移动滑窗检测方法

以两行轨道根数为数据来源,提出采用逆向移动滑窗的自适应轨道机动检测方法。建立检测窗口的自适应配置模型以获得不同目标的检测窗口,采用交叉弧段预报思想更精确地估计机动时刻,通过逆向移动滑窗方法实现近实时机动检测。将检测结果与真实机动以及已有文献中的检测结果进行比较,结果表明:新方法能够适应不同轨道空间目标机动检测的窗口配置,且在给定仿真条件下检测成功率可以达到90%以上,机动时刻估计准确度与已有方法对比有显著的提升;仿真结果表明新方法可以应用于近实时的轨道机动检测。