Ecological methodology plus negative binomial regression were used to identify dengue fever (DF) epidemiological status and its relationship with meteorological variables. From 2007 to 2012, annual incidence rate of...Ecological methodology plus negative binomial regression were used to identify dengue fever (DF) epidemiological status and its relationship with meteorological variables. From 2007 to 2012, annual incidence rate of DF in Guangzhou was 0.33, 0.11, 0.15, 0.64, 0.45, and 1.34 (per 100 000) respectively, showing an increasing trend. Each 1℃ rise of temperature corresponded to an increase of 10.23% (95% CI 7.68% to 12.83%) in the monthly number of DF cases, whereas l hPa rise of atmospheric pressure corresponded to a decrease in the number of cases by 5.14% (95% CI: 7.10%-3.14%). Likewise, each one meter per second rise in wind velocity led to an increase by 43.80% or 107.53%, and one percent rise of relative humidity led to an increase by 2.04% or 2.19%.展开更多
In this study,different methods of variable selection using the multilinear step-wise regression(MLR) and support vector regression(SVR) have been compared when the performance of genetic algorithms(GAs) using v...In this study,different methods of variable selection using the multilinear step-wise regression(MLR) and support vector regression(SVR) have been compared when the performance of genetic algorithms(GAs) using various types of chromosomes is used.The first method is a GA with binary chromosome(GA-BC) and the other is a GA with a fixed-length character chromosome(GA-FCC).The overall prediction accuracy for the training set by means of 7-fold cross-validation was tested.All the regression models were evaluated by the test set.The poor prediction for the test set illustrates that the forward stepwise regression(FSR) model is easier to overfit for the training set.The results using SVR methods showed that the over-fitting could be overcome.Further,the over-fitting would be easier for the GA-BC-SVR method because too many variables fleetly induced into the model.The final optimal model was obtained with good predictive ability(R2 = 0.885,S = 0.469,Rcv2 = 0.700,Scv = 0.757,Rex2 = 0.692,Sex = 0.675) using GA-FCC-SVR method.Our investigation indicates the variable selection method using GA-FCC is the most appropriate for MLR and SVR methods.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and interspecific relationships among four species of groupers from South China Sea, including E. fario, E. merra, E. malabaricus and E. coioides. [Metho...[Objective] The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and interspecific relationships among four species of groupers from South China Sea, including E. fario, E. merra, E. malabaricus and E. coioides. [Method] Twenty one mircosatellite loci of groupers were selected from GenBank and eight high polymorphic loci were used to further genetic analysis. [Result] The mean number of alleles per locus (A), effective number of alleles (Ne), mean polymorphism information content (PIC), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 4.38±1.60, 3.69±0.86, 0.69±0.08, 0.67±0.08, 0.72±0.06 in E. malabaricus; 3.88±1.13, 3.55±1.04, 0.66±0.10, 0.68±0.21, 0.70±0.08 in E.coioides; 6.00±1.07, 4.68±0.65, 0.78±0.03, 0.73±0.25, 0.79±0.03 in E. fario; 5.50±1.07, 4.58±0.80, 0.76±0.05, 0.75±0.18, 0.78±0.04 in E. merra, respectively. [Conclusion] We compared the values above, the order of the genetic variability among these grouper species was E. fario E. merra E. malabaricus E. coioides. We found that the level of genetic variability of these groupers species was relatively higher than that of other marine fish, so their genetic status was good. In addition, the analyisis of genetic relationship showed that E. malabaricus and E. coioides was the closest and it was the farthest between E. merra and E. coioides.展开更多
The intensity of interannual variability(IIV)of the monsoon and monsoon–ENSO biennial relationship(MEBR)were examined and compared for both the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)and western North Pacific summer monsoon(WNPSM...The intensity of interannual variability(IIV)of the monsoon and monsoon–ENSO biennial relationship(MEBR)were examined and compared for both the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)and western North Pacific summer monsoon(WNPSM)during 1958–2018.Covariability of the IIV and MEBR were identified for the two monsoons.When the MEBR was strong(weak),the IIV of the monsoon was observed to be large(small).This rule applied to both the ISM and WNPSM.Out-ofphase relationships were found between the ISM and the WNPSM.When the IIV and MEBR of the ISM were strong(weak),those of the WNPSM tended to be weak(strong).During the period with a stronger(weaker)ENSO–Atlantic coupling after(before)the mid-1980 s,the IIV and MEBR of the WNPSM(ISM)were observed to be stronger.The increasing influences from the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST)may trigger the observed seesaw pattern of the ISM and WNPSM in terms of the IIV and MEBR multidecadal variability.The results imply that tropical Atlantic SST may need to be given more attention and consideration when predicting future monsoon variability of the ISM and WNPSM.展开更多
The relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations is non-stationary in observations as well as in historical simulations of climate models.Is this non-stationarity due to changes in effects of ...The relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations is non-stationary in observations as well as in historical simulations of climate models.Is this non-stationarity due to changes in effects of external forcing or internal atmospheric processes? Whilst ENSO is an important oceanic forcing of Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations,its impacts cannot explain the observed long-term changes in the Indian-East Asian summer rainfall relationship.Monte Carlo test indicates that the role of random processes cannot be totally excluded in the observed longterm changes of the relationship.Analysis of climate model outputs shows that the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship displays obvious temporal variations in both individual and ensemble mean model simulations and large differences among model simulations.This suggests an important role played by atmospheric internal variability in changes of the Indian-East Asian summer rainfall relationship.This point of view is supported by results from a 100-years AGCM simulation with climatological SST specified in the global ocean.The correlation between Indian and North China or southern Japan summer rainfall variations displays large fluctuations in the AGCM simulation展开更多
Data from rain Drop Size Distributions gathered on five sites in Africa as well as those of the pilot site in Kourou (French Guyana, South America), located in different climatic zones, and collected by two types of d...Data from rain Drop Size Distributions gathered on five sites in Africa as well as those of the pilot site in Kourou (French Guyana, South America), located in different climatic zones, and collected by two types of disdrometer (the impact JW RD-69 disdrometer and the Optical Spectro-Pluviometer, OSP) are used to study the consistency of the reflectivity factor-rain rate at the ground (Z-R) relationship variability. The results clearly confirm that the relationship Z-R knows a large spatial variability, from a type of precipitation to another and within the same precipitation regardless the type of disdrometer used for DSD measurements. Base on the similarity of the relations reflectivity factor-rain rate and ratio median volume diameter over the total number of drops-rain rate, the variability of the Z-R coefficients (A, b) through the simultaneously implication of the size and number of drops which characterize the DSD was exhibited. It was shown that the relationships A-α and b-β designed to understand the involvement of parameters D0 and NT of DSD in the variability of the relationship Z-R are similar regardless the types of disdrometer used. However, the relations A-α in the Sahelian region appear to deviate from those of Guinean, equatorial and Soudanian zones. The plausible reasons were discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND Blood pressure variability(BPV)has been shown to be related to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a number of studies.However,the relationship between BPV and subtle cognitive decline(...BACKGROUND Blood pressure variability(BPV)has been shown to be related to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a number of studies.However,the relationship between BPV and subtle cognitive decline(SCD)has received minimal attention in this field of research to date and has rarely been reported.AIM To examine whether SCD is independently associated with changes in BPV in older adults.METHODS Participants were selected based on having participated in cognitive function evaluation and ambulatory blood pressure measurement at the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between June 2020 and August 2022.The participants included 182 individuals with SCD as the experimental group and 237 with normal cognitive function as the control group.The basic data,laboratory examinations,scale tests,and ambulatory blood pressure test results of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively,and the relationship between SCD and BPV was subsequently evaluated.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the two groups of participants(P<0.05)in terms of age,education level,prevalence rate of diabetes,fasting blood glucose level,24-h systolic blood pressure standard deviation and coefficient of variation,24-h diastolic blood pressure standard deviation and coefficient of variation.The scale monitoring results showed significant differences in the scores for memory,attention,and visual space between the experimental and control groups.Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,education level,blood sugar level,and BPV were factors influencing cognitive decline.Linear regression analysis showed that there was an independent correlation between blood pressure variation and SCD,even after adjusting for related factors.Each of the above differences was still significant.CONCLUSION This study suggests that increased BPV is associated with SCD.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Fund from Health Bureau of Guangzhou(201102A212006)Science and Technology Bureau of Guangzhou(2012Y2-00020)Medical Sciences Program of Guangdong(A2011507)
文摘Ecological methodology plus negative binomial regression were used to identify dengue fever (DF) epidemiological status and its relationship with meteorological variables. From 2007 to 2012, annual incidence rate of DF in Guangzhou was 0.33, 0.11, 0.15, 0.64, 0.45, and 1.34 (per 100 000) respectively, showing an increasing trend. Each 1℃ rise of temperature corresponded to an increase of 10.23% (95% CI 7.68% to 12.83%) in the monthly number of DF cases, whereas l hPa rise of atmospheric pressure corresponded to a decrease in the number of cases by 5.14% (95% CI: 7.10%-3.14%). Likewise, each one meter per second rise in wind velocity led to an increase by 43.80% or 107.53%, and one percent rise of relative humidity led to an increase by 2.04% or 2.19%.
基金supported by Youth Foundation of the Education Department of Sichuan Province (No.09ZB038)
文摘In this study,different methods of variable selection using the multilinear step-wise regression(MLR) and support vector regression(SVR) have been compared when the performance of genetic algorithms(GAs) using various types of chromosomes is used.The first method is a GA with binary chromosome(GA-BC) and the other is a GA with a fixed-length character chromosome(GA-FCC).The overall prediction accuracy for the training set by means of 7-fold cross-validation was tested.All the regression models were evaluated by the test set.The poor prediction for the test set illustrates that the forward stepwise regression(FSR) model is easier to overfit for the training set.The results using SVR methods showed that the over-fitting could be overcome.Further,the over-fitting would be easier for the GA-BC-SVR method because too many variables fleetly induced into the model.The final optimal model was obtained with good predictive ability(R2 = 0.885,S = 0.469,Rcv2 = 0.700,Scv = 0.757,Rex2 = 0.692,Sex = 0.675) using GA-FCC-SVR method.Our investigation indicates the variable selection method using GA-FCC is the most appropriate for MLR and SVR methods.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program,No.2007AA091404)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2007BAD29B03)A Project Funded by the Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and interspecific relationships among four species of groupers from South China Sea, including E. fario, E. merra, E. malabaricus and E. coioides. [Method] Twenty one mircosatellite loci of groupers were selected from GenBank and eight high polymorphic loci were used to further genetic analysis. [Result] The mean number of alleles per locus (A), effective number of alleles (Ne), mean polymorphism information content (PIC), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 4.38±1.60, 3.69±0.86, 0.69±0.08, 0.67±0.08, 0.72±0.06 in E. malabaricus; 3.88±1.13, 3.55±1.04, 0.66±0.10, 0.68±0.21, 0.70±0.08 in E.coioides; 6.00±1.07, 4.68±0.65, 0.78±0.03, 0.73±0.25, 0.79±0.03 in E. fario; 5.50±1.07, 4.58±0.80, 0.76±0.05, 0.75±0.18, 0.78±0.04 in E. merra, respectively. [Conclusion] We compared the values above, the order of the genetic variability among these grouper species was E. fario E. merra E. malabaricus E. coioides. We found that the level of genetic variability of these groupers species was relatively higher than that of other marine fish, so their genetic status was good. In addition, the analyisis of genetic relationship showed that E. malabaricus and E. coioides was the closest and it was the farthest between E. merra and E. coioides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number 41776031the National Key Research and Development Program of China grant number 2018YFC1506903+2 种基金the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation grant number 2015A030313796the program for scientific research start-up funds of Guangdong Ocean Universitythe Foundation for Returned Scholars of the Ministry of Education of China。
文摘The intensity of interannual variability(IIV)of the monsoon and monsoon–ENSO biennial relationship(MEBR)were examined and compared for both the Indian summer monsoon(ISM)and western North Pacific summer monsoon(WNPSM)during 1958–2018.Covariability of the IIV and MEBR were identified for the two monsoons.When the MEBR was strong(weak),the IIV of the monsoon was observed to be large(small).This rule applied to both the ISM and WNPSM.Out-ofphase relationships were found between the ISM and the WNPSM.When the IIV and MEBR of the ISM were strong(weak),those of the WNPSM tended to be weak(strong).During the period with a stronger(weaker)ENSO–Atlantic coupling after(before)the mid-1980 s,the IIV and MEBR of the WNPSM(ISM)were observed to be stronger.The increasing influences from the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature(SST)may trigger the observed seesaw pattern of the ISM and WNPSM in terms of the IIV and MEBR multidecadal variability.The results imply that tropical Atlantic SST may need to be given more attention and consideration when predicting future monsoon variability of the ISM and WNPSM.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2016YFA0600603]the National Key Basic Research Program of China[grant number 2014CB953902]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41661144016],[grant number 41530425],[grant number 41475081],and[grant number 41275081]
文摘The relationship between Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations is non-stationary in observations as well as in historical simulations of climate models.Is this non-stationarity due to changes in effects of external forcing or internal atmospheric processes? Whilst ENSO is an important oceanic forcing of Indian and East Asian summer rainfall variations,its impacts cannot explain the observed long-term changes in the Indian-East Asian summer rainfall relationship.Monte Carlo test indicates that the role of random processes cannot be totally excluded in the observed longterm changes of the relationship.Analysis of climate model outputs shows that the Indian-North China summer rainfall relationship displays obvious temporal variations in both individual and ensemble mean model simulations and large differences among model simulations.This suggests an important role played by atmospheric internal variability in changes of the Indian-East Asian summer rainfall relationship.This point of view is supported by results from a 100-years AGCM simulation with climatological SST specified in the global ocean.The correlation between Indian and North China or southern Japan summer rainfall variations displays large fluctuations in the AGCM simulation
文摘Data from rain Drop Size Distributions gathered on five sites in Africa as well as those of the pilot site in Kourou (French Guyana, South America), located in different climatic zones, and collected by two types of disdrometer (the impact JW RD-69 disdrometer and the Optical Spectro-Pluviometer, OSP) are used to study the consistency of the reflectivity factor-rain rate at the ground (Z-R) relationship variability. The results clearly confirm that the relationship Z-R knows a large spatial variability, from a type of precipitation to another and within the same precipitation regardless the type of disdrometer used for DSD measurements. Base on the similarity of the relations reflectivity factor-rain rate and ratio median volume diameter over the total number of drops-rain rate, the variability of the Z-R coefficients (A, b) through the simultaneously implication of the size and number of drops which characterize the DSD was exhibited. It was shown that the relationships A-α and b-β designed to understand the involvement of parameters D0 and NT of DSD in the variability of the relationship Z-R are similar regardless the types of disdrometer used. However, the relations A-α in the Sahelian region appear to deviate from those of Guinean, equatorial and Soudanian zones. The plausible reasons were discussed.
基金Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Program,No.19411960900.
文摘BACKGROUND Blood pressure variability(BPV)has been shown to be related to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in a number of studies.However,the relationship between BPV and subtle cognitive decline(SCD)has received minimal attention in this field of research to date and has rarely been reported.AIM To examine whether SCD is independently associated with changes in BPV in older adults.METHODS Participants were selected based on having participated in cognitive function evaluation and ambulatory blood pressure measurement at the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between June 2020 and August 2022.The participants included 182 individuals with SCD as the experimental group and 237 with normal cognitive function as the control group.The basic data,laboratory examinations,scale tests,and ambulatory blood pressure test results of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively,and the relationship between SCD and BPV was subsequently evaluated.RESULTS Significant differences were observed between the two groups of participants(P<0.05)in terms of age,education level,prevalence rate of diabetes,fasting blood glucose level,24-h systolic blood pressure standard deviation and coefficient of variation,24-h diastolic blood pressure standard deviation and coefficient of variation.The scale monitoring results showed significant differences in the scores for memory,attention,and visual space between the experimental and control groups.Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,education level,blood sugar level,and BPV were factors influencing cognitive decline.Linear regression analysis showed that there was an independent correlation between blood pressure variation and SCD,even after adjusting for related factors.Each of the above differences was still significant.CONCLUSION This study suggests that increased BPV is associated with SCD.