近代汉语处所名词“处”的语法化

近代汉语处所名词“处”以处所义为起点,在“时间”和“虚化处所”两条路径上发生语法化。时间路径上,“处”的语法化有两个分支,分别发生从时间名词到假设助词、话题标记和从时间名词到赘余成分的语法化。虚化处所路径上,“处”的语法化也有两个分支,分别发生从虚化处所到事情所达到的程度、地步和从虚化处所到结构助词的语法化“。处”的语法化显示出语法化路径的多重性与多元性。

鉴别词与吴语处州方言的动态地理分类

鉴别词是指能够显示方言特征词的客观事物在普通话中的表述。鉴别词对方言的地理分类起决定作用。以吴语处州方言为例,鉴别词分为绝对鉴别词和相对鉴别词。根据绝对鉴别词和相对鉴别词绘制同言线束图,可得主同言线束和次同言线束。主、次同言线束反映了处州方言的动态地理分类。

“便宜行事”与中央集权——以南宋川陕宣抚处置司的运行为中心

建炎三年五月至绍兴三年,南宋在川陕地区设置宣抚处置司,以张浚为川陕宣抚处置使,赋予川陕宣抚处置司“便宜行事”的权力,导致地方权力强大,触及中央集权统治。川陕宣抚处置司“便宜”之权的授予、运作、废除的过程,为我们提供了一个认识南宋中央集权体制下地方行政运行的绝佳个案,从中展现出了南宋中央与地方之间权力互动的演变轨迹。

Bonding enhancement of cold rolling TA1 P-Ti/AA6061 composite plates via surface oxidation treatment

TA1 P-Ti/AA6061 composite plate was produced by oxidizing the surface of the titanium plate and adopting a cold roll bonding process.The results revealed that the oxide film(Ti6O)prepared on the surface of TA1 pure titanium was easy to crack during the cold roll bonding,thereby promoting the formation of an effective mechanical interlock at the interface,which can effectively reduce the minimum reduction rate of the composite plates produced by cold rolling of titanium and aluminium plates.Moreover,the composite plate subjected to oxidation treatment exhibited high shear strength,particularly at a 43%reduction rate,achieving a commendable value of 117 MPa.Based on oxidation treatment and different reduction rates,the annealed composite plates at temperatures of 400,450,and 500°C displayed favorable resistance to interface delamination,highlighting their remarkable strength-plasticity compatibility as evidenced by a maximum elongation of 31.845%.

Inter-agency government information sharing under data-driven blockchain framework

The inter-agency government information sharing(IAGIS)plays an important role in improving service and efficiency of government agencies.Currently,there is still no effective and secure way for data-driven IAGIS to fulfill dynamic demands of information sharing between government agencies.Motivated by blockchain and data mining,a data-driven framework is proposed for IAGIS in this paper.Firstly,the blockchain is used as the core to design the whole framework for monitoring and preventing leakage and abuse of government information,in order to guarantee information security.Secondly,a four-layer architecture is designed for implementing the proposed framework.Thirdly,the classical data mining algorithms PageRank and Apriori are applied to dynamically design smart contracts for information sharing,for the purposed of flexibly adjusting the information sharing strategies according to the practical demands of government agencies for public management and public service.Finally,a case study is presented to illustrate the operation of the proposed framework.

Evading strength−ductility trade-off of GH605 alloy using magnetic field-assisted undercooling treatment

Undercooling solidification under a magnetic field(UMF)is an effective way to tailor the microstructure and properties of Co-based alloys.In this study,by attributing to the UMF treatment,the strength−ductility trade-off dilemma in GH605 superalloy is successfully overcome.The UMF treatment can effectively refine the grains and increase the solid solubility,leading to the high yield strength.The main deformation mechanism in the as-forged alloy is dislocation slipping.By contrast,multiple deformation mechanisms,including stacking faults,twining,dislocation slipping,and their strong interactions are activated in the UMF-treated sample during compression deformation,which enhances the strength and ductility simultaneously.In addition,the precipitation of hard Laves phases along the grain boundaries can be obtained after UMF treatment,hindering crack propagation during compression deformation.

Ultrahigh strength and improved electrical conductivity in an aging strengthened copper alloy processed by combination of equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment

In this paper,equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment was employed to improve the strength and electrical conductivity of an aging strengthened Cu-Ti-Cr-Mg alloy,and the microstructure and properties of the alloy were investigated in detail.The results showed that the samples deformed by the combination of cryogenic equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rolling had good comprehensive properties after aging at 400℃.The tensile strength of the peak-aged and over-aged samples was 1120 MPa and 940 MPa,with their corresponding electrical conductivity of 14.7%IACS and 22.1%IACS,respectively.ECAP and cryogenic rolling introduced high density dislocations,leading to the inhibition of the softening effects and refinement of the grains.After a long time aging at 400℃,the alloy exhibited ultra-high strength with obvious increasing electrical conductivity.The high strength was attributed to the synergistic effect of work hardening,grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening.The precipitation of a large amount of Ti atoms from the matrix led to the high electrical conductivity of the over-aged sample.

“四处”的语法特征与词类归属探析

"四处"在不同著作中的词类归属并不一致,有的将其看作副词,有的将其看作名词,而分歧的根源在于侧重于定性还是定量。如果侧重于定性,那么它可以做主宾语,可以用"哪儿"提问,就可以证明它是名词;而如果侧重于定量,那么它92.6%的用法都是用作状语,则可以证明它是副词。两种不同的观点并无本质性的矛盾,只是选取的处理策略不同而已。

“处可寒”语源考

鲜卑语"处可寒/汗"一词中"处",与汉语"尔""唯"同义,表示应诺,但其语源不甚了了。通过梳理中古以前汉语应诺词系统,探讨"唯"类应诺词的流变,发现自南朝开始,"唯"逐渐被"尔"取代,但北方汉语由于长期与阿尔泰语系语言接触,得以保持着早期用法,故而形成北方用"唯"、南方用"尔"的格局。通过文献对比可以发现,鲜卑语"处"与汉语的"唯"类应诺词存在语音对应关系,阿尔泰语系各语言的应诺词是中古鲜卑语"处"的直接后裔或者是借自汉语"唯"。

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of wire-arc additively manufactured Al-Cu alloy

Wire-arc additive manufacture(WAAM)has great potential for manufacturing of Al-Cu components.However,inferior mechanical properties of WAAM deposited material restrict its industrial application.Inter-layer cold rolling and thermo-mechanical heat treatment(T8)with pre-stretching deformation between solution and aging treatment were adopted in this study.Their effects on hardness,mechanical properties and microstructure were analyzed and compared to the conventional heat treatment(T6).The results show that cold rolling increases the hardness and strengths,which further increase with T8 treatment.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 513 MPa and yield stress(YS)of 413 MPa can be obtained in the inter-layer cold-rolled sample with T8 treatment,which is much higher than that in the as-deposited samples.The cold-rolled samples show higher elongation than that of as-deposited ones due to significant elimination of porosity in cold rolling;while both the T6 and T8 treatments decrease the elongation.The cold rolling and pre-stretching deformation both contribute to the formation of dense and dispersive precipitatedθ′phases,which inhibits the dislocation movement and enhances the strengths;as a result,T8 treatment shows better strengthening effect than the T6 treatment.The strengthening mechanism was analyzed and it was mainly related to work hardening and precipitation strengthening.

Data processing method for aerial testing of rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer

A novel method for noise removal from the rotating accelerometer gravity gradiometer(MAGG)is presented.It introduces a head-to-tail data expansion technique based on the zero-phase filtering principle.A scheme for determining band-pass filter parameters based on signal-to-noise ratio gain,smoothness index,and cross-correlation coefficient is designed using the Chebyshev optimal consistent approximation theory.Additionally,a wavelet denoising evaluation function is constructed,with the dmey wavelet basis function identified as most effective for processing gravity gradient data.The results of hard-in-the-loop simulation and prototype experiments show that the proposed processing method has shown a 14%improvement in the measurement variance of gravity gradient signals,and the measurement accuracy has reached within 4E,compared to other commonly used methods,which verifies that the proposed method effectively removes noise from the gradient signals,improved gravity gradiometry accuracy,and has certain technical insights for high-precision airborne gravity gradiometry.

Corrosion behavior of 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys in different thermomechanical conditions by quasi-in-situ analysis

As a promising material in the aircraft industry,2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy exhibits high corrosion susceptibility that may limit its application.In the present work,to illustrate the influences of precipitate and grain-stored energy on localized corrosion evolution in 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloy,cold working and artificial aging were carried out to produce 2A97 Al-Cu-Li alloys under different thermomechanical conditions.Quasi-in-situ analysis,traditional immersion test and electrochemical measurement were then conducted to examine the corrosion behavior of 2A97 alloys.It is revealed that precipitate significantly affects Cu enrichment at corrosion fronts,which determines corrosion susceptibility of alloys,whereas grain-stored energy distribution is closely associated with localized corrosion propagation.It is also indicated that quasi-in-situ analysis exhibits a consistent corrosion evolution with traditional immersion tests,which is regarded as a proper method to explore localized corrosion mechanisms by providing local microstructural information with enhanced time and spatial resolutions.

论动后复合趋向动词和处所名词的位置

动词后复合趋向动词带处所名词时,仅有“V+Vq+N处+来/去”一种语序,且对动词V和处所宾语N处有一定限制。不少留学生对这种不对称的语序难以理解。本文在分析了该格式的动词、处所名词后指出,受谓语动词V的强移动性、广义处所词的弱处所性及优先语势序列的强标记制约,“下来/下去”类复合趋向词与处所宾语共现时,只能存在“V+Vq+N处+来/去”一种语序。

Effect of substrate temperature and oxygen plasma treatment on the properties of magnetron-sputtered CdS for solar cell applications

Cadmium sulfide(CdS)is an n-type semiconductor with excellent electrical conductivity that is widely used as an electron transport material(ETM)in solar cells.At present,numerous methods for preparing CdS thin films have emerged,among which magnetron sputtering(MS)is one of the most commonly used vacuum techniques.For this type of technique,the substrate temperature is one of the key deposition parameters that affects the interfacial properties between the target film and substrate,determining the specific growth habits of the films.Herein,the effect of substrate temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of magnetron-sputtered CdS(MS-CdS)films was studied and applied for the first time in hydrothermally deposited antimony selenosulfide(Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3))solar cells.Adjusting the substrate temperature not only results in the design of the flat and dense film with enhanced crystallinity but also leads to the formation of an energy level arrangement with a Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)layer that is more favorable for electron transfer.In addition,we developed an oxygen plasma treatment for CdS,reducing the parasitic absorption of the device and resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current density of the solar cell.This study demonstrates the feasibility of MS-CdS in the fabrication of hydrothermal Sb_(2)(S,Se)_(3)solar cells and provides interface optimization strategies to improve device performance.

A Comparative Study of the L2 Pragmatic Competence of University Students in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland:The Contributions of Sociocultural Context and Linguistic Proficiency

This study investigates the differences in pragmatic competence between Hong Kong and Chinese mainland university students.Participants included 19 native speakers of English,115 Chinese mainland students,divided into those who had spent time abroad in an English-speaking country(CM A)and those who had not(CM NA),and 97 Hong Kong students,divided into those from an English-medium secondary school(Hong Kong EMI)and those from a Chinese-medium school(Hong Kong CMI).Linguistic proficiency was measured by a C-test,and pragmatic competence by a Metapragmatic Knowledge Test,an Irony Test and a Monologic Role Play.Group scores were compared using ANCOVAs to control for differences in proficiency.The results point to a continuum of pragmatic competence—EMI>CMI>CM A>CM NA—reflecting the groups’access to English in real-life contexts.The differences between the Hong Kong groups and the Chinese mainland groups were clearest in those tests measuring processing capacity(i.e.,Irony Response Time and the Monologic Role Play).CM A,but not CM NA,performed as well as the Hong Kong groups on measures of metapragmatic awareness.The results are discussed in terms of Bialystok’s(1993)distinction between analyzed representation and control of processing.

基于小波消噪的EMD模型在GPS振动信号处理中的应用

经验模式分解和小波分解是当前有效处理非平稳信号的两种时频分析方法,它们各具有其优缺点,适用于不同的应用。从对GPS振动信号的预处理、时域和频域处理入手,结果分析表明,对GPS振动信号先进行小波滤波消除随机噪声的干扰,再应用经验模式分解更有利于变形特征信息的分离和提取,提取的信号与振动平台记录数据更加吻合。

东汉汉译佛经中的处所疑问代词

对东汉汉译佛经的处所疑问代词进行了穷尽性统计,整理出了东汉汉译佛经处所疑问代词的系统,并指出其特点及形成的原因,帮助人们了解东汉时期汉语处所疑问代词系统的实际面貌,了解处所疑问代词的历史发展轨迹。

“X处”的历史发展与演变

“X处”主要是指“到处、随处、四处、处处”等。作为现代汉语中经常使用的范围副词,它们最初并不是固定结构,由于线性顺序邻近,逐渐由短语凝固成词。通过对这几个范围副词的词汇化历程的分析,可以发现,“到处”“随处”“四处”是由短语凝固而成的;“处处”则是单音节词重叠而成的。在“X处”的演变动因中,首先是出于双音化和韵律化的需要,其次是句法位置与使用频率也起到了重要作用。

处理焦化废水存在的问题及技术进展研究

本文结合目前焦化废水处理存在的问题,指出焦化废水处理技术进展趋势及治理新模式。

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 Mg alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 Mg alloy were investigated under different solution treatments and artificial aging conditions. When as-cast ZK60 alloy was solution treated at 400 ℃for 10 h and artificially aged at 150 ℃, the volume fraction of precipitates increased with the aging time up to 30 h. When the as-cast ZK60 alloy was solution treated at 400 ℃ for 10 h and artificially aged at 200 ℃ for 15 20 h, the volume fraction of precipitates reached a peak value. Tensile test at room temperature showed that a high density of the second phase precipitates was beneficial to improving the strength and elongation. Solution treatment at 400 ℃ for 10 h and artificial aging at 150 ℃ for 30 h is considered the optimum heat treatment condition to obtain a good combination of strength and ductility.