选区激光熔化成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg大尺寸复杂构件

选区激光熔化(SLM)成形大尺寸复杂构件厚度多样、成形高度较高、方向复杂,需要研究构件微观组织均匀性和力学性能稳定性。本文以SLM成形TiB_(2)/Al-Si-Mg复合材料为研究对象,分析复合材料多级微观组织,对比不同成形厚度、高度、方向下复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:复合材料表现出熔池特征结构,细小等轴晶粒组织均匀分布且随机取向,纳米TiB_(2)颗粒在材料内部弥散分布。随成形厚度增加,复合材料伸长率保持稳定,抗拉强度受本征热处理影响略微增大;在不同成形高度下,复合材料抗拉强度和伸长率保持稳定;在不同成形方向下,复合材料抗拉强度保持稳定,伸长率受熔池结构影响在水平方向略高。基于以上结果,成功制备大飞机舱门铰链臂(588 mm×318 mm×470 mm)复杂结构件。

Mg对亚共晶Al-10Mg_(2)Si合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了不同Mg含量对含10 mass%Mg_(2)Si的亚共晶Al-Mg-Si合金显微组织、拉伸性能和断裂行为的影响。结果表明:在合金中添加1.2~2.8 mass%的Mg能够减小初生α-Al枝晶的尺寸,适量的Mg明显地细化了合金中的Mg_(2)Si共晶相,并使其形貌由粗大的汉字状转变为短条状、颗粒状和纤维状。共晶Mg_(2)Si的细化归因于Mg原子团簇在其两侧的富集,抑制了共晶Mg_(2)Si的生长,促进了其生长方向的改变。适量的Mg的添加同时提高了合金的强度和塑性,添加2.8 mass%Mg的合金拉伸性能达到最高,抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别由未添加Mg的232.4 MPa、150.4 MPa和1.5%增加到322.0 MPa、270.4 MPa和6.1%,分别提高了38.6%、79.8%和306.7%。未添加Mg的合金的断裂机制为脆性断裂,添加2.8 mass%Mg的合金的断裂机制转变为韧性断裂。

Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and properties of in-situ Mg_2Si/AZ91D composites

The influence of solution treatment on the microstructure and properties of Mg2Si/AZ91D composites fabricated from Mg-SiO2 system via in-situ processing method was investigated.The results show that coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases can be formed by adding SiO2 into AZ91D magnesium alloy with Si content up to 1.5% of the alloy melt.During solution treatment,the morphology and distribution of the coarse Chinese script shape Mg2Si phases are modified.Meanwhile,the β-Mg17Al12 phase is dissolved into the magnesium matrix.With increasing holding time,the coarse Mg2Si phases tend to dissolve,break and spheroidize.After solution treatment at 420 ℃ for 16 h,Mg2Si phases become the finest and relatively well-distributed phase.The tensile strength and elongation are increased by 14.9% and 38.9%,respectively.It is believed that the Mg2Si phases continuously dissolve and break,and finally the spheroidized Mg2Si particles are obtained due to the interface tension of Mg2Si/Mg interface.

超声处理对Mg-9Al-1Si合金第二相形貌及力学性能的影响

利用铜质金属型重力铸造制备了Mg-9Al-1Si合金,通过凝固前施加不同时间超声处理调控合金组织形貌。利用OM、XRD、SEM、拉伸实验等方法研究了在不同超声处理时间作用下Mg-9Al-1Si合金组织形貌演变及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明:未经超声处理时,α-Mg基体呈粗大的树枝晶,粗大汉字状Mg_(2)Si相有明显的团聚现象,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相以断续网状沿枝晶界分布;超声处理能显著细化合金微观组织,α-Mg基体晶粒尺寸减小由粗大的树枝状转变为团絮状,汉字状Mg_(2)Si相被细化,变为长条状或细线状,分布变得均匀;β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相网状趋势弱化,边界处出现大量层片状β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相。随着超声时间增加,超声的声空化和声流作用使合金组织明显改善,但作用时间太长反而减弱组织细化作用。因此,超声处理后Mg-9Al-1Si合金力学性能得到明显改善,且随超声作用时间先增后降,其中超声处理20 min时提升最大,相较于未超声处理合金分别提高了72、74 MPa和2.31%。

Mg2Si/Al复合材料的组织和力学性能研究

采用半固态挤压法制备了原位自生的Mg2Si颗粒增强铝基复合材料,研究了它们的组织,同时研究了挤压比压对力学性能的影响。结果表明,当其它制备条件相同时,在255、340和425 MPa条件下制备的半固态挤压Mg2Si/Al复合材料中的α-Al基体和Mg2Si增强相皆出现球化,但与重力铸造复合材料相比,Mg2Si增强相的颗粒尺寸没有明显变化。拉伸测试结果表明,在255 MPa、340 MPa和425 MPa条件下获得的半固态挤压Mg2Si/Al复合材料具有优于重力铸造复合材料的力学性能,其抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高71.88%、53.13%、43.75%和378%、139%、106%。在255 MPa挤压比压下制备的复合材料表现出最优的抗拉强度及伸长率。

Al-5Ti-1B与Y复合添加对铸造Mg-5Al-5Si合金的影响

【目的】为细化Mg-Al-Si合金中的粗大Mg_(2)Si相,添加Al-5Ti-1B和稀土Y对Mg-5Al-5Si合金进行变质处理。【方法】熔炼制得不同成分的Mg-Al-Si合金,使用多种测试方法对变质前后合金成分、微观组织及力学性能进行分析,并讨论其变质机理。【结果】结果表明:在Mg-5Al-5Si合金中添加Al-5Ti-1B,初生相形貌由粗大块状转变为细枝晶状或多边形状,共晶相数量随着Al-5Ti-1B添加量的增加而减少,合金硬度显著提高,这是因为TiB_(2)为Mg_(2)Si提供了形核基底。当合金中添加1.0%Al-5Ti-1B时,再添加Y会使初生相尺寸进一步减小,形貌规整。当复合添加1.0%Al-5Ti-1B和1.0%Y时,初生Mg_(2)Si相平均尺寸降低到10.2μm,形貌为细小多边形状,合金拉伸力学性能最优,稀土Y的变质机理主要为吸附毒化。

Microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by a compound casting

In this paper,the effect of the Si content on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture behavior of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by compound casting was investigated systematically.The obtained results showed that all the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites had a metallurgical reaction layer(MRL),whose thickness increased with increasing Si content for the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites,while the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites were opposite.The MRL included eutectic layer(E layer),intermetallic compound layer(IMC layer)and transition region layer(T layer).In the IMC layer,the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites contained some Si solid solution and flocculent Mg_(2)Si+Al-Mg IMCs phases not presented in the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites.Besides,increasing Si content,the thickness proportion of the T layer increased,forming an inconsistent preferred orientation of the MRL.The shear strengths of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites enhanced with increasing Si content,and the Al-15Si/AZ91D composite obtained a maximum shear strength of 58.6 MPa,which was 73.4% higher than the Al-6Si/AZ91D composite.The fractures of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites transformed from the T layer into the E layer with the increase of the Si content.The improvement of the shear strength of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites was attributed to the synergistic action of the Mg_(2)Si particle reinforcement,the reduction of oxidizing inclusions and the ratio of Al-Mg IMCs as well as the orientation change of the MRL.

Characteristics of two Al based functionally gradient composites reinforced by primary Si particles and Si/in situ Mg_2Si particles in centrifugal casting

Two kinds of Al based functionally gradient composite tubes reinforced by primary Si particles alone and primary Si/in situ Mg2Si particles jointly were successfully prepared by centrifugal casting,and their structural and mechanical characters were compared.It is found that the composite reinforced with primary Si particles takes a characteristic of particles distribution both in the inner and outer layers.However,composite reinforced with primary Si/Mg2Si particles jointly takes a characteristic of particles distribution only in the inner layer and shows a sudden change of particles distribution across the section of inner and outer layers.The hardness and wear resistance of Al-19Si-5Mg tube in the inner layer are greatly higher than that in the other layers of Al-19Si-5Mg tube and Al-19Si tube.Theoretical analysis reveals that the existence of Mg2Si particles is the key factor to form this sudden change of gradient distribution of two kinds of particles.Because Mg2Si particles with a lower density have a higher centripetal moving velocity than primary Si particles,in a field of centrifugal force,they would collide with primary Si particles and then impel the later to move together forward to the inner layer of the tube.

变质剂Nd对Mg-3Si-4Zn-xNd合金组织及硬度的影响

通过向Mg-3Si-4Zn镁合金中添加变质剂Nd,制备了不同Nb含量的Mg-3Si-4Zn-xNd镁合金。通过观察初生及共晶Mg_(2)Si的组织变化,探究变质剂Nd对Mg_(2)Si组织的影响。通过试验探究Mg_(2)Si相的变化对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,变质剂Nd对初生及共晶Mg_(2)Si相皆有良好的变质作用。当Nd含量为2.5%时,获得最佳的变质效果,初生Mg2Si由平均面积约600μm^(2)(40μm×15μm)的粗大的树枝状组织变为平均面积约139μm^(2)的细小且不规则的多边形块状组织,共晶Mg_(2)Si由平均面积约444μm^(2)的复杂汉字状变为平均面积约145μm^(2)的简单汉字状组织,合金硬度由58.75 HV0.1提高到73.27 HV0.1(最大值),提高24.7%。

Effect of Sb on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg_2Si/Al-Si composites

The effect of Sb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites was investigated.The results show that Sb can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg2Si/Al-Si composites.When the content of Sb is 0.4%,the morphology of primary Mg2Si changes from dendrites to fine particles,the average size of Mg2Si particles is refined from 52 to 25μm,and the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the composites increase from 102.1 MPa and 0.26% to 138.6 MPa and 0.36%,respectively.The strengthening mechanism can be attributed to the fine-grain strengthening.However,excessive Sb is disadvantageous to the modification of the composites.

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of in Situ Primary Si/Mg_2Si Locally Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Piston by Centrifugal Casting

Al-Si pistons are frequently damaged by burning piston top surface due to elevated combustion temperature, and by rubbing the first ring groove against the engine cylinder liner. To prevent piston from these damages, some technologies were invented, such as mounting high Ni cast iron ring around the first ring groove in Al alloy piston body and thermal resistant steel on piston top surface, and fabricating Al composite pistons by squeeze casting for enhancing the whole or local piston performance. In this paper, composite pistons locally reinforced with in situ primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles are fabricated by centrifugal casting. The microstructure characteristics, hardness and wear resistance of the composite piston are investigated and the motion characteristic of the in situ particles in centrifugal field is analyzed. The results of the experiments show that primary Si and Mg2Si particles mix up with each other in melt and segregate at the regions of piston top and piston ring grooves under the effect of centrifugal force. Particulate reinforced regions have a higher hardness and better wear resistance compared with the unreinforced regions and this performance increases after heat treatment. The analysis result of particle movement shows that, primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles move at approximately the same velocity in the centrifugal field, because of the growth of primary Si and fusion after colliding between primary Si particles, which compromised the velocity difference of primary Si and primary Mg2Si particles caused by the difference of their densities. Research results have some theory significance and applicative value of project in development of new aluminum matrix composites piston products.

Rheological behavior of semi-solid Mg_2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composites at steady state

The microstructure and rheological behavior of semi-solid Mg2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composite at steady state were investigated.The results show that the primary α-Mg phases are knapped by mechanical stirring and the Chinese script type reinforced Mg2Si phases exist in liquid phase and grain boundary.The analysis of apparent viscosity indicates that the apparent viscosity of semi-solid Mg2Si/AM60 magnesium matrix composite at steady state increases with increasing the volume fraction of Mg2Si and solid fraction of primary α-Mg,but decreases with increasing the shearing rate and shearing time,and the apparent viscosity keeps stable when shearing time reaches 300 s.

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Al-based Gradient Composites Reinforced with Primary Si and Mg_2Si Particles through Centrifugal Casting

The structure and mechanical properties of a new type of Al-based discontinuous gradient composites prepared by using the ternary AI-19Si-5Mg alloys as the raw material adopting the centrifugal casting method were investigated. Structurally, the composites are divided into two zones： a reinforced zone with the high volume fraction of primary Si and Mg2Si particles and an unreinforced zone with no or a few particles. In the reinforced zone, the primary particles are evenly distributed, with the sizes of the primary Si particles 80-120 μm, and that of primary Mg2Si particles 20-50 μm. The properties test results show the reinforced zone has higher Rockwell hardness and better wear resistance than the unreinforced zone, due to the complementary reinforcement relationship between the primary Si and Mg2Si particles and their high volume fraction.

Influence of Sb modification on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg2 Si/AM60 composites

The refining effect and mechanism of Sb on Mg2Si and the microstructure of the matrix were investigated.The results indicate that there are Mg3Sb2 particles in the composites with the addition of Sb,and Mg3Sb2 can promote the formation of fine polygonal type Mg2Si by providing nucleation site.Meanwhile,the grain size of Sb modified alloy is finer than that of the matrix. The improved microstructure results in the improvement of mechanical properties.The ultimate tensile strength is increased by 12.2%with the addition of 0.8%Sb.

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during high-speed direct-chill casting in different Al–Mg_2Si in situ composites

The effect of high-speed direct-chill(DC) casting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg_2Si in situ composites and AA6061 alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the Al–Mg_2Si composites and AA6061 alloy was examined by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The results revealed that an increase of the casting speed substantially refined the primary Mg_2Si particles(from 28 to 12 μm), the spacing of eutectic Mg_2Si(from 3 to 0.5 μm), and the grains of AA6061 alloy(from 102 to 22 μm). The morphology of the eutectic Mg_2Si transformed from lamellar to rod-like and fibrous with increasing casting speed. The tensile tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved at higher casting speeds because of refinement of the Mg_2Si phase and the grains in the Al–Mg_2Si composites and the AA6061 alloy. High-speed DC casting is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Al–Mg_2Si composites and AA6061 alloy billets.

Microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg2Si/A356 composites during remelting process

The semi-solid processed Mg2Si/A356 composites were fabricated using a sloping plate,and the phase and morphology evolution of the semi-solid Mg2Si/A356 slurry during the remelting process was investigated.Results indicate that compared to as-cast microstructure,the size of primaryα-Al phase and Mg2Si phase of semi-solid microstructure fabricated by using a sloping plate decreases and the morphology ofα-Al phase becomes fine and globular.With increasing the reheating temperature and prolonging the holding time,the primaryα-Al phase spheroidizes,the liquid fraction in semi-solid microstructure increases,and the Chinese script Mg2Si phase embedded in the primaryα-Al phase cannot be observed.The Chinese script Mg2Si phase is distributed in the secondaryα-Al phase and becomes smaller.The net-shaped eutectic phase also becomes finer after reheating.The optimum remelting parameters suitable for thixoforming in this study are remelting at 580℃for 30 min.

含金属Mg相的Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)薄膜的微观结构与热电性能

利用高真空磁控溅射设备,采用Mg-Sn-Si合金靶材和纯Mg靶进行顺序沉积,在表面含有500 nm厚氧化硅的单晶Si(100)衬底上制备了不同Mg含量的Mg-Sn-Si薄膜。沉积Mg-Sn-Si薄膜的相组成、化学成分、表面和横截面形貌和热电性能被系统的测量、观察和分析。结果表明,制备的Mg-Sn-Si薄膜由Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)固溶体和金属Mg相组成。随着金属Mg相含量的增多,沉积薄膜载流子浓度升高,迁移率降低。沉积薄膜的电导率随着金属Mg相含量的增多而增大,而Seebeck系数降低。沉积薄膜的金属Mg相含量增加,虽然电导率增加,但因Seebeck系数急剧下降,最终导致功率因子下降。在所研究的金属Mg含量范围内,Mg_(2)(Sn,Si)固溶体薄膜含有部分金属Mg相,对提高复合薄膜的功率因子是不利的。

Hot extrusion of SiC_p/AZ91 Mg matrix composites

SiC particles reinforced AZ91 Mg matrix composites （SiCp/AZ91） with SiC volume fractions of 5%, 10% and 15% were fabricated by stir casting. After T4 treatment, these composites were extruded at 350 °C with an extrusion ratio of 12：1. In the as-cast composite, particles segregated at a microscopic scale within the intergranular regions. Hot extrusion almost eliminated this particle aggregation and improved the particle distribution of the composites. In addition, extrusion refined the grains of matrix. The results show that hot extrusion significantly improves the mechanical properties of the composites. In the as-extruded composite, with the increase of SiCp contents, the grain size of the extruded composites decreases, the strength and elastic modulus increase but the elongation decreases.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31-Mg_2Si in situ composite fabricated by repetitive upsetting

AZ31-4.6% Mg2Si （mass fraction） composite was prepared by conventional casting method. Repetitive upsetting （RU） was applied to severely deforming the as-cast composite at 400 ℃ for 1, 3, and 5 passes. Finite element analysis of the material flow indicates that deformation concentrates in the bottom region of the sample after 1 pass, and much more uniform deformation is obtained after 5 passes. During multi-pass RU process, both dendritic and Chinese script type Mg2Si phases are broken up into smaller particles owing to the shear stress forced by the matrix. With the increasing number of RU passes, finer grain size and more homogeneous distribution of Mg2Si particles are obtained along with significant enhancement in both strength and ductility. AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite exhibits tensile strength of 284 MPa and elongation of 9.8%after 5 RU passes at 400 ℃ compared with the initial 128 MPa and 5.4%of original AZ31-4.6%Mg2Si composite.

Hydrogenation properties of mechanically milled Mg_2Ni_(0.8)Cr_(0.2)-CoO/Al_2O_3 composites

Mg2Ni0.8Cr0.2-x wt.% CoO/Al2O3 (x=0.5, 1, 2 and 3) composites were prepared by mechanically milling sintered Mg2Ni0.8Cr0.2 alloy and CoO/Al2O3 compound for 45 h. The addition of CoO/Al2O3 compound resulted in the good kinetics properties of hydriding/dehydriding reaction of the composites. The composite with 1.0 wt.% CoO/Al2O3 catalyst could reach the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity (2.9 wt.%) within 5 min at 393 K under H2 pressure of 4 MPa, and can desorb rapidly at 493 K. The decomposition and synthesis of hydrogen molecule on Mg2Ni0.8Cr0.2 alloy surface was promoted by addition of CoO/Al2O3 catalyst. In addition, the formation of metallic Ni particles, strain and defects during the ball milling process also resulted in the improved hydrogenation performance of Mg2Ni-based alloys.