The proposed robust reversible watermarking algorithm addresses the compatibility challenges between robustness and reversibility in existing video watermarking techniques by leveraging scene smoothness for frame grou...The proposed robust reversible watermarking algorithm addresses the compatibility challenges between robustness and reversibility in existing video watermarking techniques by leveraging scene smoothness for frame grouping videos.Grounded in the H.264 video coding standard,the algorithm first employs traditional robust watermark stitching technology to embed watermark information in the low-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel.Subsequently,it utilizes histogram migration techniques in the high-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel to embed auxiliary information,enabling successful watermark extraction and lossless recovery of the original video content.Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm’s strong imperceptibility,with each embedded frame in the experimental videos achieving a mean peak signal-to-noise ratio of 49.3830 dB and a mean structural similarity of 0.9996.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 7.59%and 0.4%on average.At the same time,the proposed algorithm has strong robustness to both offline and online attacks:In the face of offline attacks,the average normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.9989,and the average bit error rate is 0.0089.In the face of online attacks,the normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.8840,and the mean bit error rate is 0.2269.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 1.27%and 18.16%on average,highlighting the algorithm’s robustness.Furthermore,the algorithm exhibits low computational complexity,with the mean encoding and the mean decoding time differentials during experimental video processing being 3.934 and 2.273 s,respectively,underscoring its practical utility.展开更多
目的观察κ阿片受体选择性激动剂(U50,488H)对大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia and reperfusion,I/R)室性心律失常的影响并探讨其可能的机制。方法观察U50,488H对大鼠I/R整体动物模型血浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平的影响;分...目的观察κ阿片受体选择性激动剂(U50,488H)对大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia and reperfusion,I/R)室性心律失常的影响并探讨其可能的机制。方法观察U50,488H对大鼠I/R整体动物模型血浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平的影响;分离正常大鼠心脏,采用Langen-dorff离体心脏灌流方法,预先给予U50,488H(5mmol·L-1)和NE(100μmol·L-1),测定其对血流动力学指标和对心律失常的影响;常规酶解法分离成年大鼠心室肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术观察U50,488H对钠电流的作用。结果①U50+I/R组血浆中CK和LDH的含量较I/R组明显降低(P<0.01)。②与I/R组相比,给予U50,488H后,心率明显下降(P<0.05)。③对照组偶发早搏,I/R组心律失常发生频率明显增加,与I/R组相比较,I/R+NE组心律失常评分明显增高(P<0.01);如果提前给予U50,488H,发现不仅可以明显降低I/R组缺血和再灌注期间室速和室颤的发生率(P<0.01)及降低I/R组心律失常的评分,而且明显降低I/R+NE组心律失常的评分(P<0.01)。④U50,488H(100μmol·L-1)可以明显降低心室肌细胞的钠电流(P<0.01)。结论κ阿片受体激动剂U50,488H对I/R时的心律失常有拮抗作用,其作用可能是通过抑制心肌细胞的钠电流而实现的。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62202496,62272478the Basic Frontier Innovation Project of Engineering university of People Armed Police under Grants WJY202314,WJY202221.
文摘The proposed robust reversible watermarking algorithm addresses the compatibility challenges between robustness and reversibility in existing video watermarking techniques by leveraging scene smoothness for frame grouping videos.Grounded in the H.264 video coding standard,the algorithm first employs traditional robust watermark stitching technology to embed watermark information in the low-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel.Subsequently,it utilizes histogram migration techniques in the high-frequency coefficient domain of the U channel to embed auxiliary information,enabling successful watermark extraction and lossless recovery of the original video content.Experimental results demonstrate the algorithm’s strong imperceptibility,with each embedded frame in the experimental videos achieving a mean peak signal-to-noise ratio of 49.3830 dB and a mean structural similarity of 0.9996.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 7.59%and 0.4%on average.At the same time,the proposed algorithm has strong robustness to both offline and online attacks:In the face of offline attacks,the average normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.9989,and the average bit error rate is 0.0089.In the face of online attacks,the normalized correlation coefficient between the extracted watermark and the original watermark is 0.8840,and the mean bit error rate is 0.2269.Compared with the three comparison algorithms,the performance of the two experimental indexes is improved by 1.27%and 18.16%on average,highlighting the algorithm’s robustness.Furthermore,the algorithm exhibits low computational complexity,with the mean encoding and the mean decoding time differentials during experimental video processing being 3.934 and 2.273 s,respectively,underscoring its practical utility.
文摘目的观察κ阿片受体选择性激动剂(U50,488H)对大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注(ischemia and reperfusion,I/R)室性心律失常的影响并探讨其可能的机制。方法观察U50,488H对大鼠I/R整体动物模型血浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平的影响;分离正常大鼠心脏,采用Langen-dorff离体心脏灌流方法,预先给予U50,488H(5mmol·L-1)和NE(100μmol·L-1),测定其对血流动力学指标和对心律失常的影响;常规酶解法分离成年大鼠心室肌细胞,采用全细胞膜片钳技术观察U50,488H对钠电流的作用。结果①U50+I/R组血浆中CK和LDH的含量较I/R组明显降低(P<0.01)。②与I/R组相比,给予U50,488H后,心率明显下降(P<0.05)。③对照组偶发早搏,I/R组心律失常发生频率明显增加,与I/R组相比较,I/R+NE组心律失常评分明显增高(P<0.01);如果提前给予U50,488H,发现不仅可以明显降低I/R组缺血和再灌注期间室速和室颤的发生率(P<0.01)及降低I/R组心律失常的评分,而且明显降低I/R+NE组心律失常的评分(P<0.01)。④U50,488H(100μmol·L-1)可以明显降低心室肌细胞的钠电流(P<0.01)。结论κ阿片受体激动剂U50,488H对I/R时的心律失常有拮抗作用,其作用可能是通过抑制心肌细胞的钠电流而实现的。
