Russian Music of the Soviet Era: For Archive or Forever

The purpose of the article is to present several topics in Russian music of the Soviet era(roughly 1920-1990).The time that has passed since the fall of the Iron Curtain allows us to rethink and revise the cultural treasures of seven decades and reassess new research of the last decade,carried out both by people who previously gained a reputation as an authority in Soviet culture,and by scientists who came from this environment and began sharing their vision of the subject after acquiring the skills of a Western scholar.The article is based mainly on the latter research and tries to see its subject as a complete picture,albeit with missing details,so to speak,a postmodern picture that requires the reader to participate in its refinement.The methodological basis of this study is working with published sources through the critical lens of cultural anthropology as it has developed and presently looks.

Early Treatment Outcome of Humeral Shaft Fracture Non-Union in Adults: Comparative Study of Plating versus Interlocking Nailing

Background: Fractures of humeral shaft in adults are common injuries. Humeral shafts non-union either from late presentation after initial treatment by traditional bone setters or failed non-operative orthodox care is a major problem in this part of the world. This non-union is a major treatment challenge with increased cost of care and morbidity in this part of the world. Humeral shaft non-union can be treated with locked intra-medullary nailing (LIMN) or dynamic compression plating (DCP). Study on comparison of these methods of fixation in this part of the world is scarce in literature search, hence the reason for this study. Objective: The objectives of this study are: (1) to compare early clinical outcome following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN;(2) to compare the time of radiologic fracture union of DCP with LIMN;(3) to compare complications following fixation of humeral shaft fracture nonunion with DCP versus LIMN. Patients and Methods: This was a randomized control study done for 2 years in which fifty adult patients with humeral shaft non-union were recruited. The patients were grouped into 2 (P = DCP & N = LIMN). Forty five of the patients completed the follow up periods of the study and then analyzed. The P group had ORIF with DCP while the N group had ORIF with LIMN. Both groups had grafting with cancellous bones. Each patient was followed up for a period of 6 months at the time which radiographic union is expected. Any patient without clinical and/or radiographic evidence of union after six months of surgery was diagnosed as having recurrent non-union. The data generated was analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The results were presented in charts and tables. The paired t-test was used while considering p value Result: Forty five patients completed follow up. There was a male preponderance (4:1), right humerus predominated (3:2). Motor vehicular accidents were the commonest cause of the fractures (62%). Most non-union fractures occurred at the level of the middle 3rd of the humeral shaft (60%). Failed TBS treatment was the commonest indication for the osteosynthesis (71%). More patients had plating (53%) compared to 47% who had LIMN. Most patients (93.4%) had union between 3 to 6 months irrespective of fixation type with no significant statistical difference between the union rate of DCP and LIMN (p value 0.06) with similar functional outcome and complication rates irrespective of the type of fixation. Conclusion: This study showed that the success rates in term of fracture union, outcome functional grades and complication rates were not directly dependent on the types of the fixation: plating or locked intra-medullary nailing.

Projecting the global impact of fossil fuel production from the Former Soviet Union

Detailed projections of the Former Soviet Union(FSU)fossil fuel production has been created.Russian production has been modelled at the region(oblast)level where possible.The projections were made using the Geologic Resource Supply-Demand Model(GeRS-DeMo).Low,Best Guess and High scenarios were created.FSU fossil fuels are projected to peak between 2027 and 2087 with the range due to spread of Ultimately Recoverable Resources(URR)values used.The Best Guess(BG)scenario anticipates FSU will peak in 2087 with production over 170 EJ per year.The FSU projections were combined with rest of the world projections(Mohr et al.2015b),the emissions from the High scenario for the world are similar to the IPCC A1 AIM scenario.

Former Soviet Union's Intelligence Agency KGB's Activities

In this study, former Soviet Union’s secret service, Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti (KGB) has been investigated by limited aspects. As the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)’s intelligence agency, KGB was the ordinary primary secret service in the world. This paper has been investigated USSR’s secret service, KGB’s secret activities in all over the world. It is popularity was extra ordinary before the Cold War 1990.

Open banking and inclusive finance in the European Union:perspectives from the Dutch stakeholder ecosystem

In the European Union(EU),the revised Payment Services Directive(PSD2)aims to provide more convenient and customized financial products through open banking(OB)platforms.However,little attention has been paid to the role of OB in improving the financial well-being of the growing number of the EU’s underserved groups,which currently constitute approximately a quarter of its population.This study examines how the PSD2 and OB impact inclusive finance in the EU based on the perspectives of the Netherlands’ecosystem,one of the leaders in the EU’s financial technology(FinTech)landscape.A fundamental distinction can be drawn between the OB users and the ecosystem’s players.Regarding the impact of financial services on the users’inclusivity,while the PSD2 strengthens the infrastructure necessary for financial inclusion,many challenges remain,mainly because it was not designed for this purpose.This study identifies several areas of improvement that include adjustments to the know your customer and anti-money laundering processes for underserved customers,innovative ways to communicate the PSD2’s potential,and the regulation of technology providers’activities to build trust.Meanwhile,from the ecosystem’s position,there is a need to strengthen and improve microfinance regulation according to the opportunities provided by the PSD2 to support microfinance institutions(MFIs)in scaling up and reaching underserved clients across borders with innovative services.OB improvements can also be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and FinTechs in collaboration with banks.Such hybrid institutions will combine the best features of each of them:knowledge of the needs of local underserved clients from MFIs,technological innovations from FinTechs,and large and trusted customer bases,infrastructures,and access to institutional investments and governments from banks.Finally,an EU inclusive OB sector depends on the centrality of trusted regulators as coordination bodies.The PSD2 requires adjustments for underserved populations’specific needs.OB improvements can be achieved by organizations formed by MFIs and Fin-Techs in collaboration with banks.Regulated technical service providers(TSPs)are crucial to building trust and customer adoption in OB.The European Banking Authority(EBA)may function as coordination body to design inclusive rules by engaging with OB stakeholders.As inclusive finance moves into open-finance and data eras,an increasing regulatory complexity and scope will require networks of innovative and trusted regulators.

全民数字素养框架制定方法研究——欧盟公民数字能力框架的经验与启示

欧盟公民数字能力框架经过十余年理论与实证相结合的发展和完善,已在国际上获得广泛认可,其制定方法和经验值得我国参考和借鉴。文章以欧盟公民数字能力框架为例,梳理其社会背景和发展过程,分析其概念映射、案例研究、专家征询、涉众咨询、持续更新和衍生研究等阶段的研究方法,并从顶层设计、方法体系、多元协同和统筹布局等方面探讨其经验与启示,以期为构建符合中国国情又面向未来发展需求的本土数字素养框架提供思路和参考。

数字中国背景下“智慧工会”建设与未来发展趋势

新时代我国信息化工作进入加快数字化发展、建设数字中国的新阶段。工会网上工作是党和国家网信事业的重要组成部分。党的十八大以来,全国各级工会高度重视工会网上工作开展,立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,抢抓信息革命机遇,围绕中心、服务大局,加快推进智慧工会建设高质量发展。数字中国背景下,我国工会网上工作从“互联网+工会”迈入“智慧工会”建设的关键时期。本文阐析了“智慧工会”建设存在的问题和面临的困难,并从信息理念的数字化转变、管理模式的网络化转变、决策形式的智能化转变和宣传方式的全媒体化转变四个方面阐析“智慧工会”建设的未来发展路径和趋势。

Research on the Interior Decoration Characteristics of Peking Union Medical College Phase I Project

Peking Union Medical College was founded in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.Since then,society and politics have been rapidly changing,and its architectural aesthetics reflect the idea of advocating the West and inheriting tradition.Through research and actual investigation,this paper summarizes the current status of its building from two aspects,interior decoration art and interior decoration technology,analyzes the interior decoration characteristics of Peking Union Medical College Phase I Project,and records the archives of Peking Union Medical College’s decoration technology.

Research on the Regulatory Framework of Advanced Therapies in the European Union and the United States

Objective To study the regulatory framework of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States,and to provide reference for the regulation of cell-and gene-based therapeutic products in China.Methods The legal and regulatory documents,annual reports,work information and related literature published on the websites of the FDA and European Medicines Agency(EMA)were reviewed to analyze the regulatory models of advanced therapies in the European Union and the United States.Results and Conclusion the United States and the European Union have carried out a lot of work in the classification standards of advanced therapies,policy formulation and accelerated listing procedures.Therefore,they have established a relatively mature regulatory system.China can learn from their experience and continuously improve the regulatory system to help the sustainable development of gene and cell therapy industry.

作为政治动员介质的苏区戏剧:布局、变革与调适

苏区戏剧实际上是作为政治动员的传播介质出现的。为了极大地激发戏剧的政治动员功效,苏区戏剧的组织者实施了三项针对性举措。第一,体制化布局。中央苏区展开了多类别、立体性的戏剧机构体制化建设,其整体布局呈现纵向贯通、横向呼应形态。第二,适配性变革。以新型意识形态熔铸新词直接入戏、推动传统剧社改弦更张、大力推出话剧与活报剧等戏剧类型。第三,在地化调适。征用当地材料编排故事、聚焦所在区域重大事件、吸纳近邻人员介入编演流程。苏区戏剧虽然没有彰显出足够的艺术专业性与仪式感,但是在观念劝服、行为引导、精神激励等方面产生了显著的成效。

欧盟“数字双法”对数字经济的影响研究

为防止国际大型服务平台对欧洲数字市场造成不良影响,推动数字服务领域的公平竞争,欧盟于2022年公布并实施了《数字市场法》和《数字服务法》。欧盟“数字双法”出台的根本目标是一致的,都致力于促进欧盟单一数字市场的繁荣与规范。但二者侧重点有所不同,《数字市场法》更侧重于反垄断和促进公平竞争,《数字服务法》更侧重于数字服务和数字内容治理。文章在对欧盟“数字双法”进行比较分析的基础上,剖析了二者对数字经济的影响机理和现实效果,重点探究了对中国的影响和启示,并建议中国政府和企业应努力做到:完善数字领域制度体系;适应欧盟“数字双法”新规;拓展欧盟数字市场;拓展其他海外市场。

苏联远东中国高级列宁学校的建立及其影响

联共(布)为加速中国共产党的成长和壮大,20世纪20年代至30年代末在苏联海参崴建立了中国高级列宁学校。该校是联系联共(布)与中共关系的重要平台,其历史使命是为中国革命培养具有较高文化知识、政治立场坚定、经得起考验的党员、团员和积极分子,其目标还包括提高远东地区华侨华人的文化素质,加强对华工的管理,进而促进苏联社会主义建设时期的经济文化建设。

PFAS在石油工业的应用及其替代研究进展

介绍了欧盟PFAS限制提案进展。综述了目前非聚合含氟化学品和含氟聚合物在石油工业中的应用,以及非氟类替代品在石油工业的应用情况,并对替代品进行了初步评估。

欧盟金融数据治理:框架、重点与启示

加强金融数据治理,促进金融数据顺畅流动和高效使用,是经济高质量发展的内在要求。经过多年发展,欧盟积累了较为丰富的数据治理经验,并逐步建立起较为完善的数据治理体系。前期,欧盟强调个人数据保护;但在过去的3~4年,数字经济立法更加强调消除数据流动障碍,促进数据共享。目前,欧盟在数据权利界定、权利保护、跨境流动等方面已建立了较为完善的法律体系,并形成了从欧盟到成员国再到金融业最后到单一金融机构的统一性、垂直性和专业化的金融数据治理体系。我国可学习欧盟经验,加强对国家数字经济和数字金融发展的顶层设计,以法制建设为核心完善金融数据治理的长效机制,强化金融数据跨境安全流动机制,加强数据流动应用和价值挖掘,高质量发展数字市场和数字服务,提升数字金融的国际竞争力,推进金融强国建设。

民族联邦制在苏联的实践与苏联解体

十月革命后,在列宁和斯大林领导下建成了一个以民族共和国为单元的联邦制国家。政府开展的“民族识别”工作为每个国民确定了“民族”身份,在随后推行的“民族化”过程中,在三个重要的方面使“民族”得以加强:推广使用民族语言,创建民族知识分子和政治精英群体,并正式地使各传统族群以国家形态实现组织化。1991年苏联在没有任何外力的作用下突然自行解体,此后,讨论苏联解体的原因便成为各国学术界关注的重要议题。本文梳理了苏联联邦体制成立的历史过程,分析了苏联推行“民族化”的各项举措和长期维系苏联统一的重要纽带,以及这些纽带是如何在戈尔巴乔夫“改革新思维”的社会运动中被一一斩断,最终导致苏联这个庞然大物碎成十五片,给全世界的民族研究者开启了一个需要认真破解的魔盒。

苏联经济建设成就在1930年代中国的舆论传播效应

1930年代,中国社会形成了以苏联经济建设为榜样的思潮。这源于苏联一五、二五计划建设成就在中国的舆论传播效应。苏联经济建设信息的传播者和受众涉及社会各方面人员,但国人传播苏联经济建设信息有其特定的时代视角、倾向与国别语境,因而苏联经济建设信息在各类社会人员中产生了强烈的思想反应。在日本侵华造成的民族危机中,国人期望学习苏联经济建设的经验和精神,加快中国的经济建设。但由于种种历史原因,国人传播的苏联经济建设信息不免存在相当的片面性。但是,社会主义国家发展成功之路由此进入中国建设工业化国家发展轨道的预盼目标,中国共产党人将为之而奋斗!

论中国特色社会主义工会学的建构逻辑

中国特色社会主义工会学的当代出场,适应了改革开放以来,尤其是中国特色社会主义进入新时代以来,我国工会工作蓬勃发展的客观要求,这是中国工会理论研究发展到一定阶段并向学科化转向的必然逻辑。中国特色社会主义工会学建构逻辑涵盖了研究对象、学科属性与基本特征,学科体系的逻辑起点与落脚点,范畴体系建构等,集中体现了中国工会发展在历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑高度统一基础上的创新逻辑。

中苏现代化的比较研究——以20世纪80年代的中苏改革为例

社会主义的发展实践表明,到20世纪70年代苏联模式的活力已经耗尽。无论是中国还是苏联,要想赶上现代化的步伐,都必须对原来的社会主义模式进行改革。1977年邓小平复出后便开始酝酿改革。1978年中共十一届三中全会正式吹响了改革的号角。苏联则在1985年3月戈尔巴乔夫担任苏共中央总书记后开始改革。在苏联开启改革时,中国已经有了一些成功经验,但苏共并未吸取。中苏两国走的是不同的改革道路,两国在对待传统社会主义理论的态度、经济改革和实现现代化的目标与手段、改革中的政治制度安排、处理自身与世界的关系等方面都存在很大不同,其结果自然也不一样。中国在理论与实践上都突破了苏联模式,开启了新型现代化道路。苏联的改革没有带来国家经济状况的好转和人民生活水平的提高,苏共虽提出很多新理论新概念但得不到民众的认同,最后丧失了政权。

20世纪20年代郭沫若对马克思主义中国化的探索

通过翻译日本著名经济学家河上肇著《社会组织与社会革命》,郭沫若坚信马克思主义是真理,能够指导中国人民反抗帝国主义压迫,实现国家独立与自由。应用马克思主义基本原理,鉴于中国是一个农业国,郭沫若认为中国要想实现工业化,应效仿苏联模式,由中央政府动员一切资源。郭沫若参加五卅运动,坚决主张打倒帝国主义、废除不平等条约,支持工人罢工,长期抗争,直至最后胜利。1925年,郭沫若撰《马克思进文庙》,通过马克思与孔子的对话,指出马克思主义与孔子思想存在一些共同价值观,如公平、正义、共富。郭沫若探索马克思主义与中国社会实际相结合、与孔子思想相结合,在中国现代化道路上迈出重要一步,在近代中国思想史上占有一定地位。

20世纪20—30年代苏联的卫生外交

十月革命后,苏俄政府充分利用帝俄时期具有丰富国际卫生合作经验的医学人才从事卫生外交,参与创建国际卫生公约,争取国际社会对新生苏俄政权的认可,打破欧洲以邻为壑对苏设立的卫生防疫限制,促进了贸易增长。国内战争时期,苏俄红十字会和红新月会国际联合会是新生政权与外界沟通的唯一正式渠道,在战俘交换、购买医疗设备和争取国际社会食品援助方面开展工作,同时积极对外宣传苏俄卫生组织原则,争取卫生领域话语权。苏联医疗卫生社会化模式在国际上塑造了苏维埃国家积极形象,促进了国际社会对苏联政治进程的广泛支持,但苏联政府试图影响西方国家重建医疗卫生体系的目标未能达成。苏联医疗卫生模式宣传重优越形象塑造,轻科研数据支撑,也引发了国际医学界的质疑。