Technological Sophistication of China's Industrial Finished Goods for Export——A New Approach to Estimation

Based on the perspective of international vertical specialization,this paper creates a set of new approach to estimating the domestic technological sophistication(DTS)of export goods.Deducting the values of imported intermediate inputs contained in export goods,this paper conducts an estimation and analysis of the DTS of China's industrial finished goods for export between 2002 and 2007 at the national,industrial and regional levels.Results of our study indicate that:(1) the DTS of China's export goods demonstrates an overall tendency of steady increase and its evolving pattern demonstrates distinctive differences across sectors;(2) the DTS is on the increase for natural resources sectors,low-technology sectors,medium-technology sectors and certain high-technology sectors including transportation equipment manufacturing,general and dedicated equipment manufacturing,and electrical machinery and apparatus manufacturing while the DTS is on the significant decrease for electronic and communication equipment manufacturing and instruments,meters and other metering devices manufacturing;and(3) provinces with relatively high average values of DTS of export goods are primarily located in China's eastern region while provinces with significant DTS growth rates are mainly located in China's central and western regions and the gaps of DTS of export goods among China's eastern,central and western regions have a tendency of convergence.

Technological Improvement in China's Export Sophistication

This paper has developed a measurement approach that integrates price with the product technical content initiated by Lall et al.(2006),i.e.,dividing HS6-quantile products into high-end,middle-end and low-end levels through the quantile ranking of prices of the same product from different countries or regions in a target market.Our estimation has discovered that due to the lack of product price differentiation,traditional method for the measurement of product technical content overestimated technical content of the low-end segment in the same category of products while underestimated technical content of the high-end segment in the same category of products.Re-calculation based on Rodric's result indicates that specialness of Chinese exports is mainly reflected by high-end and middle-end products.In addition,the competition result of the sophistication of Chinese exports indicates that since the middle of the 1990 s,the sophistication of Chinese exports has remained relatively low compared with the average level of the world and developing countries;from an economic perspective,improvement in the sophistication of Chinese exports primarily derived from middle-end and low-end products;from a category-specific perspective,improvement in the sophistication of Chinese exports primarily derived from low-technology export products.

The Dual Effects of Global Value Chain Embeddedness on Chinese Exports’ Technological Sophistication

This paper develops a framework for the assessment of global value chain embeddedness based on the dual structure of product embeddedness and functional embeddedness and provides a theoretical demonstration of the dual effects of the level, structure and the value sources of global value chain embeddedness on export technology sophistication. From there, the paper carries out an estimation of non-competitive input- output table using quadratic optimized algorithm with differentiation between processing trade and general trade to arrive at various indicators of foreign value-added ratio that reflect the level of global value chain embeddedness. On this basis, the panel econometric model for 27 manufacturing sectors of China between 2001 and 2010 is employed to test the effect of foreign value-added ratio on the technology sophistication of manufacturing export. Our research indicates that by taking part in division of labor in the global value chain and acquiring foreign intermediate inputs, China＇s manufacturing sector has increased its export technology sophistication. It also indicates that, compared with such inputs as raw materials and parts and components, service input has great contributions to technology improvement. With the direct contributions of foreign value-added under control, the foreign value-added from developed countries has a restrictive effect on the R＆D activities of export manufacturing, which gives rise to the one-way technology reliance on dominant enterprises of the value chain and the ＂low-end lock-up＂ effect; meanwhile, the method of embeddedness that takes advantage of the foreign value-added of other countries is more dependent on the indigenous R＆D capacity of export enterprises and thus more favorable to the improvement of export technology sophistication.

A Study on the Lexical Complexity of Narrative Translation by English Major Learners

Vocabulary researches play an important role in language teaching.In recent decades,lexical complexity has drawn great attention by researchers and scholars.A large number of empirical studies have been conducted to find out whether correlations exist between writing quality and lexical complexity in written texts.In the present study,299 English learners participated in the experiment from a comprehensive university.The data were timed CE texts translated by these learners.This study intends to answer the two questions with the assistance of such tools as LCA and SPSS.After analyzing the data with 9 indices from LCA,the results of this study are as follows:1.Chinese students’translated texts gain a high lexical density,which shows that content words can account for a large percentage in narrative translations.In the lexical sophistication measures,LS1 and LS2 do not differ greatly while CVS1 gets the greatest fluctuation.Among lexical variation indices,NDW is generally high.2.All indices in lexical variation and lexical sophistication show a high positive correlation with translation quality,while lexical density bears a negative relationship with translation quality.The findings of the current study indicate students’vocabulary use in translation and provide implications for English teaching,especially translation and vocabulary teaching.

On the Tragedy of Nick in Snowdrops—The Tension between the Sophisticated and the Nave

Snowdrops is a tale of an Englishman abroad. Nick is a thirty-something lawyer working in Moscow to broker huge deals between banks, oil companies and property developers. His project on a major loan to a subsidiary of an energy company is underway, and meanwhile, he comes across an enchanting girl, Masha and soon becomes involved with Masha's world, psychologically. This thesis tries to analyze the tension of the conflict between the corrupted native and the nave foreigner, and the sophisticated disposition of the narrator and the other innocent part. And thorough analyzing the tension reflected from other characters, the reason for Nick's tragedy is revealed.

Lifestyle China Women Clothing Design Features Sophisticated Styles

Chinese designers have been more and more adept at fine-tuning their design work to cater for an increasingly fastidious taste of

高校仪器设备10S精细化管理的研究与实践

高校仪器设备的投入不断增加,如何管好、管活仪器设备,使其在教学和科研方面发挥更大的作用,是广大高校仪器设备管理工作者努力解决的问题。四川大学经过长期积极探索与不断实践,首次提出10S精细化仪器设备管理体系,以管理促发展,理论与实践相结合,仪器设备日常管理规范化与现代化相结合,大幅提升了仪器设备管理的科学化和精细化水平,有效提高了仪器设备开放共享的效益和受益面。对10S精细化管理在仪器设备管理中的具体内容进行了阐述与分析,可为其他高校仪器设备管理提供一定的借鉴和帮助。

Another Dimension of Ruth's Character:Sophisticated vs Noble

Ruth is a figure in the book of Ruth.She is described and taken as a noble and kind,obedient woman in a classical and theological understanding.But just a close reading may discover another aspect of Ruth's character-she is sophisticated as well according to Lacan's Mirror Stage Theory.

Study on Scientific and Sophisticated Equipment Management in Colleges and Universities

The authors analyzed the current equipment management situation in colleges and universities, and pointed out how to evaluate it by using scientific and sophisticated standard. There exists four main problems which are as follows: 1. Management thought is not advanced, and there is short of systematic plan. 2. Technical measures are backward, and work starting point is not high. 3. The level of personnel is low, and the development is restricted. 4. The contents of equipment are not good enough, and the funds of construction are insufficient. This paper gives the proposals on how to construct and develop equipment in colleges and universities in the future and describes the objective of the struggle, the channels to realize this objective, and the three problems to be noticed which are: 1. Adhere to integration of theory with practice. 2. Work in coordination with each other in all aspects. 3. Ensure the scientific decision. The paper also discusses some other specific problems such as management decision making, purchase of equipment, use of equipment, maintenance, modification, renewal of equipment, computerized management, etc..

Hot Working Technology and HP Pulverizer -Two Major Sophisticated Processing Technology and Product in SHMP

Hot Working Technology SHMP is a production center of heavy duty castings and forgings in east region of China. Since the establishment of the plant in 1950s, through several generations’ exploration, development and innovation, SHMP now has been able to produce main castings and forgings for 300 MW

中国产业攀升全球价值链:发展动态、国际比较及对策启示

文章按要素密集度划分产业结构,分别利用前后向参与度、增加值技术复杂度以及基于前后向联系的生产长度构造指标,测度产业在全球价值链生产中的相对价值输出地位、产业控制力水平和生产位置。在此基础上,先从净贡献和产业控制力水平角度分析我国不同类型产业自加入WTO以来嵌入全球价值链的发展趋势,再与美德日韩四国进行同业比较,以掌握国际发展动态,最后以优势国家生产位置为参照,结合现实情况,分析我国不同类型产业攀升全球价值链面临的挑战。

扎根实践构建教育理论的方法论省思——走向经验为基的精致否证主义逻辑

“教育理论要回归实践”是教育学领域的共识。基于实践的教育理论构建亦需要从方法论的视角来加以关照,结合对否证主义立场以及经验视角的理解,回到事实经验层面不断否证的路径揭示了方法论建设中应持有的一种新逻辑,即经验为基的精致否证主义,其核心在于采取一种对已有理论和先入之见进行批判性审视的态度,并不断寻找新的事实去质疑。在经验为基的精致否证主义方法论逻辑下,无论哪一种研究方法都能从中寻找到扎根实践的理论构建可能,我们需要重新思考不同教育研究形式在设计和实施中的新原则,关注不同研究之间的对话,以促成扎根实践的教育理论的构建。

企业数字化转型对出口技术复杂度的影响

作为推动数字化转型的微观主体,企业在贸易高质量发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色,基于2015—2021年国泰安数据库与中国海关数据库的匹配数据,从微观层面测度了企业的数字化转型程度以及出口技术复杂度,实证检验了企业数字化转型对出口技术复杂度的影响及其影响机制。研究结果表明:整体而言,企业数字化转型显著促进了出口技术复杂度的提升,在经过稳健性检验后仍然显著。企业全要素生产率渠道起到了部分中介作用,而运营成本渠道的中介作用不显著。进一步的异质性检验发现,对于民营企业、资本密集型企业以及处于东部和东北地区的企业来说,企业数字化转型对出口技术复杂度的作用效果更为显著。研究结果为企业数字化转型对出口技术复杂度的提升效应提供了微观层面的证据,并提出了有针对性的政策建议。

企业能动性适应与产业链韧性锻造研究——以中国轴承产业为例

锻造产业链韧性是建设现代化产业体系的重要内容,也是构建新发展格局的迫切需要。本文基于“企业能动性适应概念界定—类型划分—锻造产业链韧性作用机理”的逻辑框架,构建企业既通过连续性适应增强技术韧性,又通过非连续性适应增强业务韧性,最终上下游企业通过能动性适应协调互动合力锻造产业链韧性的理论框架。本文以中国轴承产业为例,将目前轴承产业链韧性提升面临的现实问题作为研究起点,代入具体情境进行深入分析。研究表明,中国轴承企业连续性适应不足使得补链能力受限,非连续性适应不强使得固链水平偏低,上下游企业能动性适应相互制约给锻造产业链韧性带来严峻挑战。以往政府对要素市场的干预、以市场换技术、追求产值和体量的政策导向是造成上述问题的原因。本文的研究结论可为政府重新审视企业能动性适应,发挥企业在锻造轴承产业链韧性中的主体作用提供启示。

中间品进口、地理集聚与出口复杂度提升

探究中间品进口对我国下一阶段产业政策调整有深刻影响,从现实来看,企业地理集聚具有二重性特征。为了明确进口地理集聚对企业出口复杂度提升的作用机理,文章以开发区作为地理集聚单元,通过对企业经纬度定位确定企业所在园区,主要从同产品进口集聚、相关产品进口集聚和差异化产品进口集聚三种不同地理集聚模式探究企业演化路径与出口复杂度提升。在机制方面,从产品进口价格、进口多元化和贸易不确定性冲击三个维度探讨进口地理集聚对企业出口复杂度的影响机制。研究表明:在地理集聚模式上,同产品进口集聚仅在经济发展初期有效果;相关产品进口集聚和差异化产品进口集聚对企业出口复杂度具有正向影响,但相关产品进口集聚容易形成“低端锁定”。在地理集聚演化上,同产品进口集聚在企业发展初期通过降低企业信息搜寻成本、产生地区规模效应等促进企业出口复杂度提升,而发展到成熟阶段的企业则需摆脱地区同质化束缚,通过相关产品进口集聚和差异化产品进口集聚提升出口复杂度;此外,中国各地区发展模式差异明显,发达地区企业主要以差异化产品进口集聚来提升出口复杂度,而追赶地区仍通过学习和模仿来提升出口复杂度。在地理集聚机制上,同产品进口集聚能够通过信息传导机制降低企业进口价格,而相关产品进口集聚与差异化产品进口集聚则通过新产品进口提高出口复杂度,同时能够缓解外部市场不确定性冲击。随着中国经济的稳步发展,进口的多样性成为企业发展的核心要素,打造上下游产业相互依托、有核心竞争力的空间集聚形态是中国企业高质量发展的突破。据此,提出以下政策建议:进一步推动和完善我国的对外开放政策,积极主动扩大进口,打开对外开放新局面;进一步完善产业间协同与创新系统,提升产业链、供应链的完整性,强化产业链对国内大循环的支撑能力;积极破除区域间的行政壁垒,促进资源和要素的自由流动,引导不同地区企业间的信息交流,发挥技术、创新、管理等溢出效应,为提高产业空间集聚的技术相关度打下良好的市场基础。

组态视角下专精特新企业全要素生产率提升路径研究

专精特新企业全要素生产率(TFP)的稳步提升是构建中国高质量发展格局的有力支撑。为厘清多因素对专精特新企业TFP的影响机制,识别该类型企业TFP提升路径,基于“技术-组织-环境”理论分析框架,以2013—2022年中国85家专精特新上市企业为样本,运用必要条件分析与模糊集定性比较分析方法探究提升企业TFP的组态路径,并以区域为分组标准,探寻驱动中国东部和中西地区的专精特新企业TFP的模式是否存在异质性。研究发现:技术、组织和环境层面下的研发投入、技术创新水平、资金支持、人力资源、市场竞争压力、地区经济水平等6个因素均是提升专精特新企业TFP的关键条件,但是单个因素并不构成必要条件;提升企业TFP的路径有4种,可分为自主突破型、技术导向型、资源驱动型、内外联动型;中国东部地区和中西部地区发展路径存在显著差异,东部地区技术、组织与环境因素优势明显,协同效应突出;中西部地区面对外部竞争更多依赖企业内部组织能力以实现TFP的增长。因此,各地区政府要因地制宜,持续完善针对专精特新企业的政策支持体系,优化区域内专精特新企业创新环境,激发企业的创新活力和增长动能。

“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展组态研究——基于TOE框架的模糊集定性比较分析

推动中小企业向“专精特新”方向发展是贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局、深化供给侧结构性改革的重要抓手。文章以四川省27家专精特新“小巨人”上市企业为研究样本,在TOE分析框架下,运用fsQCA方法,对“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展实现路径进行组态分析。研究发现:(1)单一条件并不构成“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展的必要条件,影响企业发展的因素是多元的;(2)技术、组织和环境条件“多重并发”,形成驱动“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展的多样化组态;(3)“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展的可能路径有四条,具体可归纳为政策支持精准发力型、数字化转型持续发力型、技术-人才培育同时发力型和三位一体全面发力型。

宁波市专精特新“小巨人”企业分布的热点空间及其适配路径

中小企业向“专精特新”升级是促进区域产业发展的重要动力,而营商环境是以地方政府为主的市场关键外部环境,其服务企业集聚发展已成为领域研究热点,因此,如何协同营商环境促进区域企业向“专精特新”发展是亟需回答的现实问题。基于中国工业和信息化部分五批公示的专精特新“小巨人”企业名单,以宁波市为例,采用核密度分析、系统聚类法、组态分析等方法研究其352家专精特新“小巨人”企业空间分布的热点空间,并分析这类企业数量的营商环境适配路径。结果表明:宁波市专精特新“小巨人”企业空间分布整体上呈“一极双核”的模式,并且“北多南少”,其中制造业占87.78%;专精特新“小巨人”企业数量与当地营商环境(除金融服务指标)显著正相关,系统聚类法所划分的三组区县间的生境画像存在显著差异;单个因素并不构成高专精特新“小巨人”企业数量的必要条件,法治市场主导下依托公共服务的创新驱动型、法治市场主导和政府助力下依托公共服务的创新驱动型两种营商环境组态可以殊途同归地产生高企业数量,其中优化法治环境、市场环境、创新环境、公共服务发挥着普适的作用。据此,要发挥核心营商环境要素组合促进“专精特新”企业的作用,法治环境是根本,提供良好的公共服务、扩充市场环境体量、培育创新环境是重中之重。

电磁点源辐射线法用于复杂二维干涉仪测向研究

战斗机综合电子战系统采用二维干涉仪实现方位和俯仰同时测向,用于实现高精度无源定位或引导火控雷达等快速截获目标等。方位干涉仪天线通常安装在机翼前缘等位置,由于受重力或在飞行中颤动等影响,天线出现下倾而不在飞机机体水平面内,现有基于电磁辐射源远场近似平行投射原理进行测向建模过程方法非常复杂且困难。针对非正交二维干涉仪测向难题,提出了一种简洁高效的测向模型,将投射电磁波假设为空间中的辐射点源,由辐射点源到二维干涉仪天线距离差与相位差的关系,再利用辐射点源对应的空间方向线上超过一定距离时的任意点到干涉仪天线相位差近似相等的前提,得到辐射点源空间三维位置的三个方程,求解得到空间三维位置进一步得到电磁波方位俯仰的二维测向公式。对算法模型及其误差进行理论、仿真分析和实际工程验证,结果证明了该方法的有效性。

市场分割对制造业出口技术复杂度的影响——基于产业聚集和技术变革视角

基于建设全国统一大市场的背景,从理论上探析建立国内统一大市场进程中出现的市场分割扭曲现象与制造业出口技术复杂度的关系,并实证检验国内市场分割对制造业出口技术复杂度的影响机制及空间溢出效应。研究发现:国内市场分割显著抑制了中国制造业出口技术复杂度,在考虑内生性问题及稳健性检验后依然成立;且不同时间阶段、不同地理区位,市场分割对制造业出口技术复杂度的影响有所不同;影响机制检验表明,市场分割主要通过阻碍产业聚集和技术变革进程两种渠道抑制制造业出口技术复杂度;进一步研究发现,当制造业出口技术复杂度跨越一定的门槛后,市场分割对制造业出口技术复杂度的负面影响会边际递减;考虑空间溢出效应后,市场分割对制造业出口技术复杂度产生了显著的负向空间溢出效应。因此,打破市场分割不仅是促进“制造强国”目标实现的国内市场保障,而且是对中国式现代化方法统筹“有为政府”和“有效市场”所进行的积极探索。