Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra presents a – 4 power law when it is scaled properly. This feature has been attributed to energy balance in spectral s...Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra presents a – 4 power law when it is scaled properly. This feature has been attributed to energy balance in spectral space by many researchers. In this paper we point out that white noise on an oscillation system can also lead to a similar inverse power law in the corresponding displacement spectrum, implying that the – 4 power law for the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra may probably only reflect the randomicity of the wind waves rather than any other dynamical processes in physical space. This explanation may shed light on the mechanism of other physical processes with spectra also showing an inverse power law, such as isotropic turbulence, internal waves, etc.展开更多
Red phosphorus(RP)is beneficial to industrialization due to its rich resources,chemical stability and environmental friendliness.However,the low electronic conductivity and large volume expansion limit its application...Red phosphorus(RP)is beneficial to industrialization due to its rich resources,chemical stability and environmental friendliness.However,the low electronic conductivity and large volume expansion limit its application for energy storage.Herein,we first used RP to prepare a novel bouquet-like Co_(3)(HPO_(4))_(2)(OH)_(2) by the hydrothermal approach as cathode materials for hybrid supercapacitors(HSC),which delivered a large specific capacity(119.2 mA h g^(−1) at 1 A g^(−1)),a superb rate capability(83.6 mA h g^(−1) at 100 A g^(−1))and a splendid electrochemical stability(92%capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A g^(−1)).Furthermore,a novel HSC device assembled with Co_(3)(HPO_(4))_(2)(OH)_(2) as the cathode,porous carbon(PC)as the anode showed a high energy density of 44.6 W h kg^(−1) and a remarkable power density of 33.75 kW kg^(−1),along with an exceptional cyclic performance(91.8%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 3 A g^(−1)).This study not only develops a novel type of high-performance battery-type cathode material,but also provides a new idea for the industrial application of RP.展开更多
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40406008）the Foundation for 0pen Projects of the Key Lab of Physical 0ceanography, the Ministry of Education, China （Grant No. 200309）.
文摘Laboratory experiments and field observations show that the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra presents a – 4 power law when it is scaled properly. This feature has been attributed to energy balance in spectral space by many researchers. In this paper we point out that white noise on an oscillation system can also lead to a similar inverse power law in the corresponding displacement spectrum, implying that the – 4 power law for the equilibrium range of wind wave spectra may probably only reflect the randomicity of the wind waves rather than any other dynamical processes in physical space. This explanation may shed light on the mechanism of other physical processes with spectra also showing an inverse power law, such as isotropic turbulence, internal waves, etc.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21601057)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2021JJ30216)。
文摘Red phosphorus(RP)is beneficial to industrialization due to its rich resources,chemical stability and environmental friendliness.However,the low electronic conductivity and large volume expansion limit its application for energy storage.Herein,we first used RP to prepare a novel bouquet-like Co_(3)(HPO_(4))_(2)(OH)_(2) by the hydrothermal approach as cathode materials for hybrid supercapacitors(HSC),which delivered a large specific capacity(119.2 mA h g^(−1) at 1 A g^(−1)),a superb rate capability(83.6 mA h g^(−1) at 100 A g^(−1))and a splendid electrochemical stability(92%capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 10 A g^(−1)).Furthermore,a novel HSC device assembled with Co_(3)(HPO_(4))_(2)(OH)_(2) as the cathode,porous carbon(PC)as the anode showed a high energy density of 44.6 W h kg^(−1) and a remarkable power density of 33.75 kW kg^(−1),along with an exceptional cyclic performance(91.8%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 3 A g^(−1)).This study not only develops a novel type of high-performance battery-type cathode material,but also provides a new idea for the industrial application of RP.
