Targeting the chromatin structural changes of antitumor immunity

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

A biomimetic spore nanoplatform for boosting chemodynamic therapy and bacteria-mediated antitumor immunity for synergistic cancer treatment

Bacterial-based antitumor immunity has become a promising strategy to activate the immune system for fighting cancer.However,the potential application of bacterial therapy is hindered by the presence of instability and susceptibility to infections within bacterial populations.Furthermore,monotherapy is ineffective in completely eliminating complex cancer with multiple contributing factors.In this study,based on our discovery that spore shell(SS)of Bacillus coagulans exhibits excellent tumor-targeting ability and adjuvant activity,we develop a biomimetic spore nanoplatform to boost bacteria-mediated antitumor therapy,chemodynamic therapy and antitumor immunity for synergistic cancer treatment.In detail,SS is separated from probiotic spores and then attached to the surface of liposome(Lipo)that was loaded with hemoglobin(Hb),glucose oxidase(GOx)and JQ1to construct SS@Lipo/Hb/GOx/JQ1.In tumor tissue,highly toxic hydroxyl radicals(·OH)are generated via sequential catalytic reactions:GOx catalyzing glucose into H_(2)O_(2)and Fe^(2+)in Hb decomposing H_(2)O_(2)into·OH.The combination of·OH and SS adjuvant can improve tumor immunogenicity and activate immune system.Meanwhile,JQ1-mediated down-regulation of PD-L1 and Hb-induced hypoxia alleviation synergistically reshape immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and potentiate immune response.In this manner,SS@Lipo/Hb/GOx/JQ1 significantly suppresses tumor growth and metastasis.To summarize,the nanoplatform represents an optimum strategy to potentiate bacteria-based cancer immunotherapy.

Establishment of NaLuF_(4):15%Tb-based low dose X-PDT agent and its application on efficient antitumor therapy

X-ray excited photodynamic therapy(X-PDT)is the bravo answer of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for deep-seated tumors,as it employs X-ray as the irradiation source to overcome the limitation of light penetration depth.However,high X-ray irradiation dose caused organ lesions and side effects became the major barrier to X-PDT application.To address this issue,this work employed a classic-al co-precipitation reaction to synthesize NaLuF_(4):15%Tb^(3+)(NLF)with an average particle size of(23.48±0.91)nm,which was then coupled with the photosensitizer merocyanine 540(MC540)to form the X-PDT system NLF-MC540 with high production of singlet oxygen.The system could induce antitumor efficacy to about 24%in relative low dose X-ray irradiation range(0.1-0.3 Gy).In vivo,when NLF-MC540 irradiated by 0.1 Gy X-ray,the tumor inhibition percentage reached 89.5%±5.7%.The therapeutic mechanism of low dose X-PDT was found.A significant increase of neutrophils in serum was found on the third day after X-PDT.By immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections,the Ly6G^(+),CD8^(+),and CD11c^(+)cells infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment were studied.Utilizing the bilat-eral tumor model,the NLF-MC540 with 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation could inhibit both the primary tumor and the distant tumor growth.De-tected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),two cytokines IFN-γand TNF-αin serum were upregulated 7 and 6 times than negative control,respectively.Detected by enzyme linked immune spot assay(ELISPOT),the number of immune cells attributable to the IFN-γand TNF-αlevels in the group of low dose X-PDT were 14 and 6 times greater than that in the negative control group,respectively.Thus,it conclude that low dose X-PDT system could successfully upregulate the levels of immune cells,stimulate the secretion of cy-tokines(especially IFN-γand TNF-α),activate antitumor immunity,and finally inhibit colon tumor growth.

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1:A novel antitumor target in gastrointestinal cancers

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1(ROR1)is a member of the type I receptor tyrosine kinase family.ROR1 is pivotal in embryonic development and cancer,and serves as a biomarker and therapeutic target.It has soluble and membrane-bound subtypes,with the latter highly expressed in tumors.ROR1 is conserved throughout evolution and may play a role in the development of gastrointestinal cancer through multiple signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms.Studies suggest that overexpression of ROR1 may increase tumor invasiveness and metastasis.Additionally,ROR1 may regulate the cell cycle,stem cell characteristics,and interact with other signaling pathways to affect cancer progression.This review explores the structure,expression and role of ROR1 in the development of gastrointestinal cancers.It discusses current antitumor strategies,outlining challenges and prospects for treatment.

Structure elucidation,immunomodulatory activity,antitumor activity and its molecular mechanism of a novel polysaccharide from Boletus reticulatus Schaeff

A new water-soluble heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 15 k Da was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Boletus reticulatus Schaeff.Structural characterization results revealed that B.reticulatus Schaeff polysaccharide(BRS-X)had a backbone of 1,6-linkedα-D-galactose and 1,2,6-linkedα-D-galactose which branches were mainly composed of a terminal 4-linkedβ-D-glucose and the ratio of D-galactose and D-glucose was 5:1.Bioactivity assays indicated that BRS-X displayed a strong proliferative activity in T cells and B cells and promoted the secretion of immunoglobulin G(Ig G),Ig E,Ig D and Ig M.In addition,BRS-X could facilitate the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells and could significantly inhibit the growth of tumors in S180-bearing mice.The results of transcriptome sequencing analysis illustrated that total 46 genes enriched in MAPK and total 34 genes enriched in PI3 K/Akt signaling pathways in BRS-X group.The protein VEGF and VEGFR expression were significantly reduced under the treatment with BRS-X.These findings provide a scientific basis for the edible and medicinal value of BRS-X.

Artificial Macrophage with Hierarchical Nanostructure for Biomimetic Reconstruction of Antitumor Immunity

Artificial cells are constructed from synthetic materials to imitate the biological functions of natural cells.By virtue of nanoengineering techniques,artificial cells with designed biomimetic functions provide alternatives to natural cells,showing vast potential for biomedical applications.Especially in cancer treatment,the deficiency of immunoactive macrophages results in tumor progression and immune resistance.To overcome the limitation,a BaSO_(4)@ZIF-8/transferrin(TRF)nanomacrophage(NMΦ)is herein constructed as an alternative to immunoactive macrophages.Alike to natural immunoactive macrophages,NMΦis stably retained in tumors through the specific affinity of TRF to tumor cells.Zn^(2+)as an“artificial cytokine”is then released from the ZIF-8 layer of NMΦunder tumor microenvironment.Similar as proinflammatory cytokines,Zn^(2+)can trigger cell anoikis to expose tumor antigens,which are selectively captured by the BaSO_(4)cavities.Therefore,the hierarchical nanostructure of NMΦs allows them to mediate immunogenic death of tumor cells and subsequent antigen capture for T cell activation to fabricate long-term antitumor immunity.As a proof-of-concept,the NMΦmimics the biological functions of macrophage,including tumor residence,cytokine release,antigen capture and immune activation,which is hopeful to provide a paradigm for the design and biomedical applications of artificial cells.

信息系统辅助抗肿瘤药物处方审核分析

目的 分析信息系统辅助抗肿瘤药物处方及医嘱审核的问题,针对性完善审核规则,为提高抗肿瘤药物处方审核的质量提供参考。方法 收集四川省肿瘤医院2020—2022年信息系统辅助抗肿瘤药物处方及医嘱审核的问题,数据来源于医院美康合理用药监测系统(PASS),由临床药师对相关问题进行点评,对点评结果及相关问题进行分析。结果 共收集抗肿瘤药物处方审核问题9 325条,其中门诊处方6 279条(67.3%),住院医嘱3 046条(32.7%);适应证不适宜6 153条(66.0%),药物禁忌证1 933条(20.7%),给药途径不适宜449条(4.8%),药品配伍不适宜345条(3.7%),用药频次不适宜177条(1.9%),用药人群不适宜133条(1.4%),单次剂量不适宜74条(0.8%),药物相互作用不适宜39条(0.4%),药品总量不适宜22条(0.2%)。临床药师点评结果为合理的4 459条,假阳性率为47.8%,假阳性问题包括:适应证不适宜2 264条(50.8%),药物禁忌证1 933条(43.3%),给药途径不适宜231条(5.2%),用药人群不适宜31条(0.7%)。结论 信息系统辅助抗肿瘤药物处方审核可有效拦截不合理用药问题,提升处方和医嘱的审核质量,但抗肿瘤药物循证医学证据更新快,药师应结合最新的循证医学证据,不断维护和完善审方规则。

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 3-[2-(4-Hydroxy-Phenyl)-Ethyl]-Benzo[d] Isoxazole-4,6-Diol

A new phloretin derivative 1 3-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-benzo[d] isoxazole-4,6-diol (yield 63%) was synthesized from phloretin by carbonyl nucleophilic addition condensation reaction. Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS. The phloretin, compound 1, resveratrol and acetylated resveratrol were determined by comparing them with paclitaxel. Anti-tumor activity of alcohol on SPC-A1, EC109, A549, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Compound 1 showed better antitumor activity than docetaxel against A549 tumor cells.

Mechanisms and applications of antitumor immunotherapy of responsive drug-loaded nanoparticles in breast cancer

During the chemotherapy of tumors,the cytotoxic effect of drugs is vital to kill tumor cells,and the delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent is of great importance for optimal therapeutic effects.The high in vivo clearance rate and low delivery efficiency of conventional chemotherapeutic agents affect the therapeutic effect.In recent years,the responsive drug delivery nanosystem has received increasing concern owing to its excellent biocompatibility,stable delivery performance,and controlled drug release strategies.To lucidly explain the cytocidal and immunotherapeutic effects of such responsive nanosystems in breast cancer,this review discusses the various stimuli and responses of drug-loaded liposomal nanosystems.The light/magnetic response of drug-loaded bionic membranes nanosystems and the heat/magnetic response of drug-loaded iron oxide nanosystems are also elaborated.Their cancer cell-killing efficacy and antitumor immunotherapeutic effects are also scrutinized.

A novel lectin from mushroom Phellodon melaleucus displays hemagglutination activity,and antitumor activity in a B16 melanoma mouse model

A novel lectin(termed PML)was purified from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Phellodon melaleucus(division Basidiomycota)by ion exchange,hydrophobic interaction,and gel filtration chromatographies,with overall titer recovery~60%and 20-fold purification.PML displayed hemagglutination activity 13319 units/mg toward rabbit erythrocytes.SDS-PAGE and gel filtration analyses revealed that PML is a homodimeric lectin with a molecular weight of 28.8 kDa.PML hemagglutination activity was not inhibited by various simple sugars or their derivatives,but was enhanced by cations Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Cu^(2+).The activity was stable in pH range 6–9 and in the temperature range 20–60°C.Circular dichroism(CD)spectroscopic analysis showed that PML was composed primarily ofβ-sheets with lowα-helix content.In a B16 melanoma mouse model,PML treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth,and increased cytokine IL-10 content.Our findings suggest that PML is a potential anticancer therapeutic agent.

Study on the chemical constituents and antitumor activity of galangal

Objective:The main chemical components of galangal(Alpinia officinarum Hance)are flavonoids and diarylheptanes.In the previous work,the total heptane and total flavonoid components of galangal were isolated.In this paper,the two components were separated.The monomeric compound was purified and its cytotoxic activity was determined.Methods:Silica gel column chromatography,ODS column chromatography,preparative thin layer chromatography,preparative and semi-preparative HPLC methods were used to separate and purify the total heptane components and total flavonoid components of galangal.Structures of compounds were identified by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR modern spectroscopic techniques combined with literature.The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds against MDA-MB-231(breast cancer),HepG-2(liver cancer)and MKN-45(gastric cancer)cells was tested by CCK-8 method.Results:Six compounds were isolated from the total heptane fractions of galangal,and three compounds were isolated from the total flavonoids of galangal.Their structures were identified as:5-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylheptan-3-one(1),(E)-7-(4-hydr-oxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one(2),5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenylheptan-3-one(3)7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-1-phenylheptan-3-one(4),(E)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one(5),(E)-1,7-diphenylhept-4-en-3-one(6),pinocembrin(7),galangin(8),3-O-methylgalangin(9).Conclusion:Compounds 1-6 were isolated from the total heptane components of galangal,and compounds 7-9 were isolated from the total flavonoids of galangal.The results of CCK-8 showed that compounds 2,3,5,6,7 and 8 had weak antitumor activity.

Antitumor Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Ophiopogonin B

Ophiopogonin B is a kind of saponin active substance extracted and purified from Ophiopogon japonicus,and plays an antitumor role by inhibiting cancer cell adhesion,invasion and proliferation,and inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy.This paper reviews recent studies on antitumor effects and molecular mechanisms of ophiopogonin B,in order to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent development and clinical application of ophiopogonin B.

双环克拉霉素衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计并合成一系列3-氧代-8,9;10,11-双脱水-N-去甲克拉霉素衍生物,进行体外抗肿瘤活性研究。方法以克拉霉素为起始原料,经脱除克拉定糖、羟基保护、氧化、脱除羟基保护基、去甲基化、酰化反应得到目标化合物。采用MTT法测定目标化合物对人纤维肉瘤细胞株HT1080、人口腔癌细胞株KB和人胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的增殖抑制活性。结果合成了10个结构新颖的双环克拉霉素衍生物,其结构经13C-NMR和HR-MS确证;其中,化合物12f和12g具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。结论合成的双环克拉霉素衍生物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,为抗肿瘤创新药物研究提供了新思路。

通消阳和颗粒联合环磷酰胺对4T1乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠移植瘤的影响

目的:观察通消阳和颗粒联合环磷酰胺对4T1乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠的作用。方法:选取BALB/c雌性小鼠建立4T1乳腺癌荷瘤模型,随机分成模型组、通消阳和颗粒组(颗粒组)、通消阳和颗粒^(+)环磷酰胺组(联合组)及环磷酰胺组,每组8只,另选取8只作为空白组。监测各组荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长情况,绘制乳腺肿瘤时间-生长曲线;计算各组小鼠肿瘤抑制率;检测外周血白细胞计数及中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞和单核细胞的比例;测定肝、肾功能的生化指标;检测脾脏免疫细胞数量及CD4^(+)T和CD8^(+)T细胞比例;培养各组小鼠肺、脑、肝及外周血细胞,用于检测肿瘤细胞远处器官转移情况。结果:与模型组相比,联合组小鼠移植瘤增长速度最缓慢(P<0.01),抑瘤率最高(P<0.01),白细胞计数显著降低(P<0.01);与环磷酰胺组相比,联合组小鼠淋巴细胞比例明显升高(P<0.01),中性粒细胞及单核细胞比例降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),肝肾功能指标正常,无早期损害,T、B淋巴细胞升高、MDSCs细胞降低及CD4^(+)T和CD8^(+)T细胞比例升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),乳腺癌细胞无远处器官转移情况。结论:通消阳和颗粒联合环磷酰胺可显著抑制乳腺癌荷瘤小鼠移植瘤生长;通消阳和颗粒可以减少环磷酰胺所致的小鼠肝肾功能损害、免疫功能减低等毒性反应,联合环磷酰胺可以明显提高乳腺癌小鼠的免疫功能并抑制肿瘤细胞的远处转移。

皖南蝮蛇毒抑瘤组分-Ⅰ对胃癌MKN-28细胞增殖、迁移及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨皖南蝮蛇毒抑瘤组分-Ⅰ(agkistrodon halys venom antitumor componentⅠ,AHVAC-Ⅰ)对胃癌MKN-28细胞生物学行为的影响作用。方法:不同实验浓度(5、10和15μg/mL)AHAVC-Ⅰ处理胃癌细胞MKN-2824 h后,采用细胞增殖和毒性检测(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)法检测细胞增殖活力;划痕实验和Tanswell小室检测细胞迁移能力;激光共聚焦显微镜(annexin VmCherry/DAPI双染)和流式细胞术(annexin VFITC/PI双染)检测细胞凋亡;Western blot检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Caspease-3的表达水平。结果:AHVAC-Ⅰ各浓度组分别与正常对照组相比结果显示,随着AHVAC-Ⅰ浓度的增加,MKN-28细胞增殖活力逐渐下降(P<0.01),细胞迁移能力逐渐被抑制(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率增高(P<0.05),凋亡相关蛋白Caspease-3表达上调(P<0.01)。结论:AHVAC-Ⅰ抑制胃癌细胞MKN-28增殖和迁移,诱导其凋亡。

新型N-取代靛红杂合喹唑啉类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以N′-(2-氰基-4-碘苯基)-N,N-二甲基甲脒和靛红为起始原料,N′-(2-氰基-4-碘苯基)-N,N-二甲基甲脒先与芳胺发生Dimroth重排,再进行Suzuki偶联生成化合物4a~4c;靛红经1-位取代、3-位成腙生成化合物7a~7c;最后经化合物4a~4c和7a~7c之间的亲核加成,合成了9个新型N-取代的靛红杂合喹唑啉类化合物8a~8i。利用核磁共振、红外光谱和高分辨质谱对目标化合物进行表征,并以SW480、A431、NCI-H1975和A549人肿瘤细胞为受试细胞,采用MTT法对9个目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性进行评价。结果表明:大部分化合物均具有较强的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用,其中化合物8a、8b、8e、8g对4种受试细胞均具有良好的生长抑制作用,优于阳性对照拉帕替尼和吉非替尼。可见,当在喹唑啉单元4-位引入3-乙炔基苯氨基时,对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制活性较好;当引入3-氯-4-氟苯氨基和3-氯-4-(3-氟苄氧基)苯氨基时,对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制活性次之。当靛红单元5-位无取代基或被F取代时,对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制活性较好;当被Cl取代时,对肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制活性较差。

富含多糖药食同源复合剂的抗肿瘤活性

该文探讨了富含多糖的药食同源复合剂(Ganoderma lucidum Complex Water Extract,PCW)对H22肝癌小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。建立H22荷瘤小鼠模型,设正常组、模型组、阳性对照组(Lentinan,LEN)、PCW低、中、高剂量组,测定抑瘤率、脏器指数、肿瘤和肝脏HE染色、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、血清细胞因子等指标。结果表明,阳性对照组、PCW低、中、高剂量组小鼠的抑瘤率分别为30.01%、27.95%、46.72%、54.23%;低、中、高剂量(50、100、200 mg/kg)PCW可显著改善H22荷瘤模型小鼠脾脏、胸腺的病变(P<0.05);H22肝癌细胞的生长和PCW干预未对小鼠肝脏产生显著影响;相较于模型组,低、中、高剂量PCW可极显著提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力(P<0.01);中、高剂量PCW可显著提高IL-6、TNF-α、IL-12水平(P<0.05)。结论,PCW对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤有一定抑制作用,该研究结果可为抗肿瘤功能的产品研发提供新思路。

基于介孔二氧化硅和聚多巴胺纳米载体递送阿帕替尼的性质研究

目的探讨基于介孔二氧化硅和聚多巴胺的纳米载体递送阿帕替尼的效能。方法利用介孔二氧化硅(MSN)的高效药物递送能力和聚多巴胺(PDA)的pH响应性,采用改进的Stober法制备了介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子,根据静电复合法设计了一种pH响应性聚多巴胺(PDA)包覆的介孔二氧化硅纳米给药系统(MSNs@PDA)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Zeta电位改变验证MSNs@PDA系统制备是否成功。测定MSNs@PDA-Apa的载药量和包埋率。CCK-8法评价体外细胞毒性。Transwell法评价细胞迁移。结果扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和Zeta电位改变验证MSNs@PDA-Apa制备成功。MSNs@PDA-Apa的药物载药量为2.4%,包埋率为48%±2.5%。MSNs@PDA-Apa组的细胞毒性呈浓度依赖性,当浓度达到10μg/mL时,PC-9细胞的存活率仅为30%左右。与Apa组相比,MSNs@PDA-Apa组对细胞迁移的效果明显增强。结论MSNs@PDA-Apa具有较高的药物传递效率,表现出对肿瘤细胞的良好杀伤作用,有望为未来的药物传递系统的构筑提供思路和方法。

微乳头型肺腺癌类器官的构建及其靶向药物的筛选

目的建立微乳头型肺腺癌类器官的培养方法,并开展靶向药物的筛选。方法自确诊为微乳头型肺腺癌患者手术组织样本中提取和培养原代肺癌类器官,动态观察和记录肺癌类器官生长情况;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法及免疫组化染色法比较肺癌类器官与亲本组织间肿瘤细胞形态及蛋白表达特征;实时荧光定量聚核酶链反应检测肺癌亲本组织和类器官中基因突变情况;基于基因检测结果挑选靶向药物并验证其体外抑瘤效果。结果成功从微乳头型肺腺癌组织中培养出类球形肿瘤类器官,可传代至少3代。HE染色结果可见类器官中肿瘤细胞形态与亲本组织细胞基本一致;免疫组化染色结果显示肺癌类器官与亲本组织中各基因的蛋白表达水平大致相同;基因突变分析结果显示,肺癌亲本组织和类器官的突变基因结果一致,均体现为原癌基因酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体Ret(RET)融合突变。基于肺癌类器官的靶向药物筛选结果显示,凡德他尼的体外抑瘤效果最佳。结论基于微乳头型肺腺癌类器官的药筛实验可在短时间内筛选出高效靶向药物,可使微乳头型肺腺癌患者从中获益。

基于网络药理学探讨中药蟾毒灵在骨肉瘤中的抗肿瘤作用机制

目的:本研究运用网络药理学分析方法,了解蟾毒灵(bufalin)在骨肉瘤中的抗肿瘤作用机制,并进一步利用相关实验进行验证。方法:通过PharmMapper数据库预测得到蟾毒灵的潜在作用靶点,借助GeneCards数据库搜索骨肉瘤相关疾病靶点,对两个数据库中的靶点进行Venny分析,随后使用String数据库绘制蛋白互作(PPI)网络,利用David数据库对关键靶点进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)富集及KEGG信号通路分析。最后运用Cytoscape 3.7.2及Origin 2020软件构建“化合物-通路-靶点-疾病”网络图。最后利用CCK-8实验和Western blot实验进行验证。结果:通过药理学分析一共获得蟾毒灵与骨肉瘤共同靶点107个,KEGG通路富集分析共得到相关信号通路34条,涉及到肿瘤信号通路有:PI3K-AKT信号通路、MAPK信号通路、p53信号通路、VEGF信号通路、ErbB信号通路等。将其进行PPI网络分析表明,MYC、CCND1、IL6、ESR1、CDKN2A、IGF1、CAT、CDKN1A、ANXA5、PTGS2为连接度最高、权重最大的靶点。CCK-8实验证实蟾毒灵具有抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖的作用;Western blot发现增殖相关蛋白MYC、CCND1蛋白表达下降。回复实验进一步证实,蟾毒灵可能通过调控PI3K-AKT信号通路发挥抗骨肉瘤的作用。结论:基于网络药理学分析以及相关实验发现蟾毒灵可能通过调控PI3K-AKT信号转导通路抑制骨肉瘤的生长。