All‑Covalent Organic Framework Nanofilms Assembled Lithium‑Ion Capacitor to Solve the Imbalanced Charge Storage Kinetics

Free-standing covalent organic framework(COFs)nanofilms exhibit a remarkable ability to rapidly intercalate/de-intercalate Li^(+) in lithium-ion batteries,while simultaneously exposing affluent active sites in supercapacitors.The development of these nanofilms offers a promising solution to address the persistent challenge of imbalanced charge storage kinetics between battery-type anode and capacitor-type cathode in lithium-ion capacitors(LICs).Herein,for the first time,custom-made COFBTMB-TP and COFTAPB-BPY nanofilms are synthesized as the anode and cathode,respectively,for an all-COF nanofilm-structured LIC.The COFBTMB-TP nanofilm with strong electronegative–CF3 groups enables tuning the partial electron cloud density for Li^(+) migration to ensure the rapid anode kinetic process.The thickness-regulated cathodic COFTAPB-BPY nanofilm can fit the anodic COF nanofilm in the capacity.Due to the aligned 1D channel,2D aromatic skeleton and accessible active sites of COF nanofilms,the whole COFTAPB-BPY//COFBTMB-TP LIC demonstrates a high energy density of 318 mWh cm^(−3) at a high-power density of 6 W cm^(−3),excellent rate capability,good cycle stability with the capacity retention rate of 77%after 5000-cycle.The COFTAPB-BPY//COFBTMB-TP LIC represents a new benchmark for currently reported film-type LICs and even film-type supercapacitors.After being comprehensively explored via ex situ XPS,7Li solid-state NMR analyses,and DFT calculation,it is found that the COFBTMB-TP nanofilm facilitates the reversible conversion of semi-ionic to ionic C–F bonds during lithium storage.COFBTMB-TP exhibits a strong interaction with Li^(+) due to the C–F,C=O,and C–N bonds,facilitating Li^(+) desolation and absorption from the electrolyte.This work addresses the challenge of imbalanced charge storage kinetics and capacity between the anode and cathode and also pave the way for future miniaturized and wearable LIC devices.

Accelerating Oxygen Electrocatalysis Kinetics on Metal-Organic Frameworks via Bond Length Optimization

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been developed as an ideal platform for exploration of the relationship between intrinsic structure and catalytic activity,but the limited catalytic activity and stability has hampered their practical use in water splitting.Herein,we develop a bond length adjustment strategy for optimizing naphthalene-based MOFs that synthesized by acid etching Co-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid-based MOFs(donated as AE-CoNDA)to serve as efficient catalyst for water splitting.AE-CoNDA exhibits a low overpotential of 260 mV to reach 10 mA cm^(−2)and a small Tafel slope of 62 mV dec^(−1)with excellent stability over 100 h.After integrated AE-CoNDA onto BiVO_(4),photocurrent density of 4.3 mA cm^(−2)is achieved at 1.23 V.Experimental investigations demonstrate that the stretched Co-O bond length was found to optimize the orbitals hybridization of Co 3d and O 2p,which accounts for the fast kinetics and high activity.Theoretical calculations reveal that the stretched Co-O bond length strengthens the adsorption of oxygen-contained intermediates at the Co active sites for highly efficient water splitting.

Hollow Metal-Organic Framework/MXene/Nanocellulose Composite Films for Giga/Terahertz Electromagnetic Shielding and Photothermal Conversion

With the continuous advancement of communication technology,the escalating demand for electromagnetic shielding interference(EMI)materials with multifunctional and wideband EMI performance has become urgent.Controlling the electrical and magnetic components and designing the EMI material structure have attracted extensive interest,but remain a huge challenge.Herein,we reported the alternating electromagnetic structure composite films composed of hollow metal-organic frameworks/layered MXene/nanocellulose(HMN)by alternating vacuum-assisted filtration process.The HMN composite films exhibit excellent EMI shielding effectiveness performance in the GHz frequency(66.8 dB at Kaband)and THz frequency(114.6 dB at 0.1-4.0 THz).Besides,the HMN composite films also exhibit a high reflection loss of 39.7 dB at 0.7 THz with an effective absorption bandwidth up to 2.1 THz.Moreover,HMN composite films show remarkable photothermal conversion performance,which can reach 104.6℃under 2.0 Sun and 235.4℃under 0.8 W cm^(−2),respectively.The unique micro-and macrostructural design structures will absorb more incident electromagnetic waves via interfacial polarization/multiple scattering and produce more heat energy via the local surface plasmon resonance effect.These features make the HMN composite film a promising candidate for advanced EMI devices for future 6G communication and the protection of electronic equipment in cold environments.

Expediting^(*)OH accumulation kinetics on metal-organic frameworks-derived CoOOH with CeO_(2) “accelerator” for electrocatalytic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation valorization

In this work,nickel foam supported CeO_(2)-modified CoBDC(BDC stands for terephthalic acid linker)metal-organic frameworks(NF/CoBDC@CeO_(2)) are prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent impregnation methods,which can be further transformed to NF/CoOOH@CeO_(2) by reconstruction during the electrocatalytic test.The obtained NF/CoOOH@CeO_(2) exhibits excellent performance in electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) because the introduction of CeO_(2) can optimize the electronic structure of the heterointerface and accelerate the accumulation of ^(*)OH.It requires only a potential of 1.290 V_(RHE) to provide a current density of 50 mA cm^(-2) in 1.0 M KOH+50 mM HMF,which is 222 mV lower than that required in 1,0 M KOH(1.512 V_(RHE)).In addition,density-functional theory calculation results demonstrate that CeO_(2) biases the electrons to the CoOOH side at the heterointerface and promotes the adsorption of ^(*)OH and ^(*)HMF on the catalyst surface,which lower the reaction energy barrier and facilitate the electrocata lytic oxidation process.

Tectonic framework of Qilian orogen: reveal from an aeromagnetic anomaly feature

The Qilian Orogenic belt is one of the typical orogenic belts globally and a natural laboratory for studying plate tectonics.Many researchers have studied the ophiolite and high pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks in the Qilian orogen and obtained valuable achievements.However,a hot debate exists on the basement property,the distribution of ophiolite,and the boundaries of tectonic units.Large-scale high-precision aeromagnetic surveys have recently been conducted in the Qilian Orogenic belt and adjacent areas.In this study,we are trying to analysis the tectonic framework of the Qilian Orogen using 1:500,000 aeromagnetic data.The results provide geophysical perspectives for studying the structural framework and deformation of this area.According to the aeromagnetic∆T anomaly map,the central and Southern Qilian have the same magnetic anomaly feature that noticeably differs from the North Qilian Orogenic belt and the Qaidam Block.This result indicates that the central and Southern Qilian have a unified magnetic basement and differ from the North Qilian orogenic belt and Qaidam Block.The map shows the distribution of ophiolite in the North Qilian orogenic belt.Linear magnetic anomalies represent the ophiolites because the mafic–ultramafic rocks usually have high magnetic susceptibility.The ophiolite belts are continuously distributed in the western part of North Qilian orogenic belt and have a large scale.However,the scale of the ophiolite belt and the outcropping of mafic–ultramafic rocks reduces when they pass through Qilian County to the east.The results indicate differences in the evolution process between the eastern and western parts of North Qilian,with Qilian County as the transition zone.This study also systematically defines the geophysical boundaries of the Qaidam Block,Qilian Block,North Qilian Orogenic belt,and Alxa block.It is proposed that the sinistral displacement of the Altun Fault is adjusted and absorbed by the series of NE-trending faults in the Qilian orogen and merge into the Longshoushan–Gushi Fault.The extension of the North Qilian Orogenic belt is strengthened by the neotectonics movement along the shearing direction,which separated the North Qilian Orogenic belt into several segments and formed a series of northeast-trending faults.

Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

An End-To-End Hyperbolic Deep Graph Convolutional Neural Network Framework

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks(GCNs)have been widely used in various fields due to their powerful capabilities in processing graph-structured data.However,GCNs encounter significant challenges when applied to scale-free graphs with power-law distributions,resulting in substantial distortions.Moreover,most of the existing GCN models are shallow structures,which restricts their ability to capture dependencies among distant nodes and more refined high-order node features in scale-free graphs with hierarchical structures.To more broadly and precisely apply GCNs to real-world graphs exhibiting scale-free or hierarchical structures and utilize multi-level aggregation of GCNs for capturing high-level information in local representations,we propose the Hyperbolic Deep Graph Convolutional Neural Network(HDGCNN),an end-to-end deep graph representation learning framework that can map scale-free graphs from Euclidean space to hyperbolic space.In HDGCNN,we define the fundamental operations of deep graph convolutional neural networks in hyperbolic space.Additionally,we introduce a hyperbolic feature transformation method based on identity mapping and a dense connection scheme based on a novel non-local message passing framework.In addition,we present a neighborhood aggregation method that combines initial structural featureswith hyperbolic attention coefficients.Through the above methods,HDGCNN effectively leverages both the structural features and node features of graph data,enabling enhanced exploration of non-local structural features and more refined node features in scale-free or hierarchical graphs.Experimental results demonstrate that HDGCNN achieves remarkable performance improvements over state-ofthe-art GCNs in node classification and link prediction tasks,even when utilizing low-dimensional embedding representations.Furthermore,when compared to shallow hyperbolic graph convolutional neural network models,HDGCNN exhibits notable advantages and performance enhancements.

基于.NET Framework技术的测试用例系统设计

软件测试环节直接影响着产品的成败,本文所介绍的测试用例系统设计是使用基于.NET的面向对象的可视化编程工具与SQL Server数据库相结合,采用应用服务器技术的C/S架构,按项目测试流程进行设计,把测试用例融入项目设计中,贯穿整个开发过程,大大减少重复工作量以及充分发挥每个人的效率,提高测试效率和速度。所设计的系统包括用户管理,项目管理,测试用例库管理,缺陷管理等功能模块,集成安全性与可维护性,实现集中管理,使整个软件系统开发的业务周期缩短、开发成本降低,也同步提高项目的核心竞争力。

人工智能赋能教育4.0:挑战、潜能与案例——《塑造未来学习:人工智能在教育4.0中的作用》的要点与思考

世界经济论坛将适应未来能力、技能、态度和价值观的教育称为教育4.0。教育4.0框架是面向未来需求转变学习内容和学习体验的全球框架。世界经济论坛2024年4月发布的《塑造未来学习:人工智能在教育4.0中的作用》报告,基于教育4.0框架,以未来教育模式和人才培养需求为导向,阐述了全球教育面临的师资短缺、教师行政负担重且教育评价效率低、数字技能和人工智能人才短缺等挑战,论述了人工智能技术可有效简化教育管理流程、提高教育评价效能、培养学生数字素养和人工智能素养、实现学生个性化学习等潜能,并结合具体案例分析了人工智能对传统教育模式的颠覆和重塑及其应用于教育的风险与应对措施。我国应优化多元主体与智能技术的协同实践,重塑未来学习生态和新质人才培养模式;构建并完善人工智能教育数字治理体系,推动数智化时代新质教育可持续发展;完善人工智能算法智能评测教育体系,夯实人工智能赋能教育4.0的数字底座;提升师生数字素养和人工智能素养,加快建构教育4.0时代的新质教育新体系;秉持以融创教育为核心的教育设计理念,推动人工智能教育与新质教育融通。

面向物流4.0的高职物流工程综合实训室建设实践

实训室建设与管理是高等教育的重要内容,如何建设面向物流4.0的综合实训室是高职物流工程专业普遍关心的问题。介绍了物流4.0的概念,探讨其对从业能力的要求和对高职物流工程教育的挑战。分析了物流4.0对物流工程综合实训室和课程体系带来的变革要求。以浙江经济职业技术学院为例,详细介绍了物流工程综合实训室的建设过程,包括理念和目标、建设内容、建设成效和不足。可为我国高职院校物流工程教育中提供参考与借鉴。

循环经济理念下的产业园4.0规划设计——以广州中创产业园为例

在国家推进碳中和的背景下,实现经济高质量发展尤为重要。循环经济具有降低能源消耗和碳排放的关键作用,是实现经济高质量发展的必由之路。以广州中创产业园为例,引入循环经济理念,对产业园区规划存在的问题进行分析,并进行系统性规划设计。同时,基于循环经济理念对产业园进行功能结构布局,进一步探讨物质循环系统、生态循环系统和智慧园区具体的规划策略。探索广州中创产业园4.0实现循环经济发展的路径与对策,为我国其他工业化地区建设面向循环经济的工业园区4.0提供参考。

Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金固溶处理工艺研究

对铸态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金进行了双级固溶+时效处理,采用SEM、XRD、硬度测试等研究了双级固溶中第二级固溶温度和时间对铸态合金组织与硬度的影响。结果表明:铸态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金组织主要由α-Al固溶体、块状初生Si相、针状共晶Si相以及网状第二相组成。经过双级固溶处理后,合金中块状初生Si相明显钝化,共晶Si相明显细化,网状第二相也显著碎化。490℃×2 h+525℃×4 h双级固溶处理合金中网状相基本完全碎化,共晶Si相最为细小。随着双级固溶中第二级固溶温度的提高,固溶时间的延长,T6态Al-12.0Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-1.5Ni合金的硬度先升高后降低,490℃×2 h+525℃×4 h双级固溶+180℃×6 h时效处理合金的硬度最高,达到88.2 HRB。

基于质量4.0的印制电路板智能缺陷检测研究

新一代信息技术的高速发展为制造业的转型与发展提供了机遇,同时也推动了制造质量管理方式的重大变革。本文结合制造业发展实际情况,概述了质量4.0的基本理论及关键技术,并进一步探讨了质量4.0的实施与落地应用。具体而言,将印制电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)缺陷检测作为研究案例,设计了基于质量4.0的PCB智能缺陷检测方案,并提出了缺陷检测的5个关键评价标准;提出的检测方案可有效帮助PCB制造企业过滤缺陷假点、控制产品良率、获取缺陷解决建议,并为员工掌握专业检测技能提供学习和培训平台。本文旨在研究质量4.0环境下的智能缺陷检测及其PCB中的应用,以推动制造业质量管理数字化和智能化转型。

退火工艺对Mg-4.0Zn-0.8Zr合金组织与性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验、浸泡腐蚀试验等手段,研究了不同温度退火对热轧态Mg-4.0Zn-0.8Zr合金组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:热轧态Mg-4.0Zn-0.8Zr合金晶粒沿着轧制方向被拉长。320℃退火合金组织仍保持热轧态纤维状形貌,360℃退火合金再结晶完全,晶粒为均匀的等轴晶,退火温度再升高,合金晶粒均匀性变差。随着退火温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度不断下降,伸长率先升高后降低,腐蚀速率先降低后升高。360℃退火的合金伸长率最高,为22.1%,腐蚀速率最低,为0.24 mm/a,其抗拉强度为250.4 MPa。

工业4.0背景下高职院校教师数字能力内涵演进、框架分析及提升策略

人类社会进入工业4.0时期,教育领域需要重新思考未来社会所需人才的能力,特别是在数字化、智能化层面的能力。高职院校作为培养高素质技术技能人才的教育机构,数字化转型势在必行,而教师具备合格的数字化知识和能力以及积极的态度是促进职业院校数字化转型的关键。从职业教育发展历程出发,对高职院校教师数字能力内涵进行分析,借鉴国内外8个代表性文献所提出的教师数字能力框架,构建了包括公民数字能力、数字教学能力、专业数字能力3个方面12个能力因素的高职院校教师数字能力框架,提出从“文化引领+靶向认证”“数字赋能+正非结合”“组织架构+平台支撑”三个方面构建高职院校教师数字能力提升策略。

工业4.0下的质量管理

全球工业正面临第四次工业革命,即工业4.0。它指的是系统的连接和集成,以收集和分析数据,并将组织机构的运营数字化。质量4.0是与第四次工业革命相关的概念,指工业4.0背景下质量工作的数字化。探讨了质量4.0如何成为质量工作演进的一部分,重点是了解组织应如何过渡到质量4.0。提出了质量4.0的定义,并提出了过渡到质量4.0的总体过程,包括6个连续阶段,适用于计划过渡到质量4.0的不同组织机构。

工业4.0背景下实训室智能控制系统设计

实训室的智能化改造和升级不仅是职业教育发展的需要,也是培养未来工业人才的关键环节。以智能实训室为实例,研究和设计了一套适合工业4.0背景下的实训室智能控制系统,为职业教育领域提供切实可行的解决方案。首先,分析了工业4.0环境下智能实训室所需满足的基本要求和挑战,通过文献综述和现场调研,分析了智能实训室在智能制造人才培养中的重要性以及目前面临的挑战和发展机遇。概述了基于物联网的实训室智能控制系统,描述了系统网络路径数学模型。其次,包括实时数据处理、系统互联互通的能力以及灵活适应教学需求的能力,提出了一种基于物联网技术的智能控制系统设计框架。该框架以模块化设计为核心,能够有效适应不同教学和实训场景的需求。通过实际部署和测试,验证了智能控制系统在智能实训室内的应用效果。测试结果显示,所设计的智能控制系统不仅能够实现高效的实训室管理和运行,显著提高了实训的质量和效率,特别是在教学资源利用率、实训项目完成率、教学互动质量和学生学习积极性等方面都有明显提升。

SOSNet:一种非对称编码器-解码器结构的非小细胞肺癌CT图像分割模型

非小细胞肺癌严重损害人类健康,早期非小细胞肺癌CT(Computed Tomography)图像中的肿瘤结节体积小,不易发现,极易造成漏诊和误诊.为了精确分割非小细胞肺癌CT图像中的小体积肿瘤结节,本文提出SOSNet(Small Object Segmentation Networks)自动分割模型,利用ResNet(Residual Network)基础层和空洞卷积构造非对称编码器-解码器结构作为分割主网络,利用轴向取反注意力模块ARA(Axial Reverse Attention)逐步擦除背景中对分割有影响的结构,再使用结构细化模块SR(Structure Refinement)对主网络输出的粗略特征图进行结构细化,从而实现非小细胞肺癌肿瘤结节分割.在非小细胞肺癌公开数据集的实验测试表明,本文提出的小目标自动分割模型SOSNet可以有效分割出非小细胞肺癌CT图像中的小体积肿瘤结节,其mDice(mean-Dice)、mIoU(mean Intersection over Union)、Sensitivity、F1、Specificity、平均绝对误差MAE(Mean Absolute Error)均优于当前最先进的小目标分割模型CaraNet(Context Axial Reverse Attention Network).

澳大利亚工业4.0高等学徒制:背景、实施与启示

2015年12月澳大利亚联邦政府宣布实施工业4.0高等学徒制项目,旨在应对工业4.0发展、高技能人才短缺以及学徒制改革的挑战。该项目通过提升学徒的技能水平,授予学徒高层次的应用技术文凭和副学士学位证书,拓宽学徒的就业途径和升学途径,进而提升学徒制的吸引力。借鉴澳大利亚经验,针对职业教育现场工程师专项培养计划,我国可采取以下措施:面向智能制造,加大现场工程师培养力度;突出企业主体,深化校企联合培养模式改革;强调能力本位,推进理实结合的课程教学;提升办学层次,增强中国特色学徒制吸引力。

Excel 4.0宏自动化反混淆与家族分类系统

近年来,使用恶意Excel 4.0宏(XLM)文档的攻击迎来了爆发,而XLM代码往往经过复杂的混淆,现有方法或检测系统难以分析海量样本的真实功能。因此,针对恶意样本中使用的各类混淆技术,基于抽象语法树和模拟执行,设计和实现了包含138个宏函数处理程序的自动化XLM反混淆与关键威胁指标(IOC,indicators of compromise)提取系统XLMRevealer;在此基础上,根据XLM代码特点提取Word和Token特征,通过特征融合能够捕获多层次细粒度特征,并在XLMRevealer中构造CNN-BiLSTM(convolution neural network-bidirectional long short term memory)模型,从不同维度挖掘家族样本的关联性和完成家族分类。最后,从5个来源构建包含2346个样本的数据集并用于反混淆实验和家族分类实验。实验结果表明,XLMRevealer的反混淆成功率达到71.3%,相比XLMMacroDeobfuscator和SYMBEXCEL工具分别提高了20.8%和15.8%;反混淆效率稳定,平均耗时仅为0.512 s。XLMRevealer对去混淆XLM代码的家族分类准确率高达94.88%,效果优于所有基线模型,有效体现Word和Token特征融合的优势。此外,为探索反混淆对家族分类的影响,并考虑不同家族使用的混淆技术可能有所不同,模型会识别到混淆技术的特征,分别对反混淆前和反混淆后再统一混淆的XLM代码进行实验,家族分类准确率为89.58%、53.61%,证明模型能够学习混淆技术特征,更验证了反混淆对家族分类极大的促进作用。