Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

New food sources and production systems:a comparison of international regulations and China’s advancements in novel foods with synthetic biology

The global shift towards sustainable food systems has sparked innovations in food sources and production systems,including cell-based meat,plant-based food products,precision fermentation,and 3D food printing.These advancements pose regulatory challenges and opportunities,with China emerging as a critical player in adopting and regulating new food technologies.This review explores the international landscape of new food sources and production systems(NFPS),focusing on China’s role and regulatory approaches compared to global practices.Through this comparative analysis,we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on food safety regulation,offering insights and recommendations for policymakers,industry stakeholders,and researchers engaged in the global food system’s evolution.This comprehensive overview underscores the dynamic nature of regulatory frameworks governing NFPS,highlighting the international efforts to ensure food safety,consumer protection,and the sustainable evolution of the food industry.

Assessing the Impact of Regulations on Radiation Safety Culture and Practices in Radiology Departments

Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorities have endeavored to enact policies to protect all employers and patients in radiology departments. Objectives: To assess the impact of radiation safety practices and regulations on the ongoing improvements in radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. This will be achieved through a subjective assessment of national and international rules and regulations by healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in the radiology departments of three JCI-accredited hospitals in the Riyadh region to identify and assess the impact of national radiation regulations and the accompanying processes on the improvement of radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the grading system results among various groups of respondents, based on their educational level. Also, there are statistically significant differences between the assessments of safety level results in the answers provided by various groups of respondents according to education level in favor of the master’s degree. Conclusion: The study concludes that technicians with a diploma degree require stricter regulation. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that an exposure tracking system and a regulatory action supporting it may be useful in the ongoing task of improving patients’ radiation safety.

Exploration and Practice of “Construction Engineering Regulations” Course Reform

Based on the analysis of the existing teaching situation of the“Construction Engineering Regulations”course,this paper divides the course content into three parts according to the course characteristics and content,and explores three corresponding teaching modes.The proportion of student-led relationships in the three teaching modes is 80%,60%,and 90%,respectively,realizing a teaching mechanism centered on students and stimulating students’interest in independent learning.Teaching methods such as problem-oriented learning,group discussion,student reporting,MOOC(massive open online course),case analysis,etc.,have been used to establish a variety of comprehensive examination mechanisms such as quiz games,follow-up tests,and work displays.Practice has shown that after adopting these three teaching modes,classroom teaching efficiency has significantly improved,and students’abilities in exploration,expression,innovation,and team cooperation have also been enhanced.

Blue paper on BRI environmental policies,regulations and standards released

The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),proposed by China,is an important platform for regional cooperation,serving the international economic and trade exchanges.The BRI Green Innovation Conference 2023 was held on August 20 in Shenzhen,Guangdong province.Themed“high-quality development promoting green construction of BRI”,the conference was held by Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,BRI International Green Development Coalition,Shenzhen Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau,and Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences,and hosted by the Belt and Road Environmental Technology Exchange and Transfer Center(Shenzhen).

Regulations On online cosmetics management and supervision is scheduled to be implemented in September

On April 4th,2023,National Medical Products Administration introduced the announcement(No.36,2023)as regards the Regulations on Online Cosmetics Management and Supervision which will be implemented on September 1st,2023.The Regulations contains five chapters consisted of 35 articles which involve general provisions,platform management,management concerning cosmetics managers at the platform,supervision and management of cosmetics operators within the platform.

Copper-based bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction:From mechanism understandings to product regulations

Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2) RR)is a promising method to solve current environment and energy issues.Copper-based catalysts have been widely studied for converting CO_(2) into value-added hy-drocarbon products.Cu monometallic catalyst has been proved to have some shortcomings,including relatively high energy barriers and diverse reaction pathways,leading to low reaction activities and poor product selec-tivity,respectively.Recently copper-based bimetallic tandem catalysts have attracted extensive attentions due to their special catalyst structure,which can be easily regulated to achieve high CO_(2) RR reactivity and product selectivity.With the development of quantum chemistry calculations and spectroscopic characterization methods,deep understandings of CO_(2) RR from the mechanism perspective provide a broad horizon for the design of effi-cient catalysts.This review offers a good summary of reaction mechanisms and product regulation strategies over copper-based bimetallic catalysts,along with a brief discussion on future directions towards their practical applications.

Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine: International Experience and China’s Path

The eradication of poliomyelitis is a landmark achievement in the history of public health, providing strong protection for children’s health. The introduction of the Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine is a prerequisite and safeguard for the large-scale production and use of domestically produced live poliovirus vaccines, serving as an indispensable component of vaccine safety. This article, based on archival documents, letters, collections of essays, and oral interviews, examines the historical experience of the development of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine. It contends that the emphasis on localization and the active engagement in international cooperation are critical factors in the swift introduction of Chinese Regulations for the Manufacture and Control of Live Poliovirus Vaccine.

肿瘤细胞周期调控研究进展

细胞周期是1个细胞能分裂成2个子细胞并由独特的细胞周期调控系统指导的一系列事件。细胞周期调控系统的失调是肿瘤发生的根本原因,本文将围绕细胞周期的关键调控点,探讨肿瘤细胞周期调控的研究进展,为研发肿瘤治疗的新策略提供理论基础。

液晶包层波导技术研究进展

液晶包层波导以波导为载体、以液晶为工作物质,包层中的液晶通过倏逝波调控芯层中的波导模式。相比于传统液晶器件,液晶包层波导能够巧妙解耦光线调制距离与液晶层厚度,并基于表面层液晶作用显著降低液晶回弹时间,具有调制幅度大、响应速度快的优势。本文综述了液晶包层波导技术在光束扫描、傅里叶变换光谱领域的研究进展,并展望了液晶包层波导技术在可重构光子器件领域的应用前景。不同的宏观应用表现均源于液晶包层对波导模式的微观调控。凭借独特的工作方式,液晶包层波导赋予了宏观应用新的技术优势。本综述为新型液晶光束调控方法提供一种重要的研究思路。

个性化推荐算法的法律风险规制

信息爆发增长催生了个性化推荐算法技术的兴起。个性化推荐算法在解决信息过载和长尾问题、满足用户个性化需求、提高互联网信息服务效率的同时,也引发了用户意思自治受限、隐私泄露、信息茧房、算法歧视等诸多法律风险,亟需法律作出必要的回应。为此,应当在诚信原则、自主原则、公正原则、比例原则的指导下,树立开放的隐私保护观,强化算法告知义务与用户拒绝权利,完善算法解释权,构建算法审计制度,以降低个性化推荐算法所带来的法律风险。

国有上市公司国资监管与证券监管的制度协调研究

国有上市公司既具有上市公司属性、又具有国有属性,需同时遵守证券监管和国资监管的双重规则,而这双重规则之间可能存在冲突,造成国有上市公司治理违规的风险。这种冲突源于监管价值目标的差异:证券监管基于中小投资者保护的立场注重上市公司独立,而国资监管基于保障国有经济功能、维护国资经营安全的特性强调国有投资方的管控。对于身处交叉监管下的国有上市公司而言,解决冲突的根本路径在于分别从国资监管和证券监管两个维度进行制度矫正与协调。就国资监管而言,应切实从制度层面实现“管资产”到“管股权”的转变;就证券监管而言,则应正视国资监管的合理需求,以适度监管为原则,并确立结果导向的监管理念,在不实质损害资本市场中小投资者利益的情况下,对国资监管规则予以适当认可。

基于“肝脾同调”阐析慢性肝病的中医治疗

慢性肝病是临床常见疾病,“郁、虚、湿、毒、瘀”是其核心病机,在疾病的不同阶段各有侧重,其中,以“郁、虚”为核心的肝脾失调是慢性肝病发生发展的关键。“肝脾同调”是治疗慢性肝病的基本治法,在慢性肝病不同阶段,其“肝脾同调”内涵同中有异。根据肝、脾生理病理特性,治脾明辨虚实,厘清轻重,活用运脾、健脾、温脾、醒脾、补脾等法;调肝体用并重,精准辨证,活用疏肝、缓肝、散肝、柔肝等法。临床上,治脾与调肝相辅相成,治调并举,常获良效。

植物花青素合成的环境调控研究进展

花青素是一种重要的色素,与植物茎、叶、花瓣、果实、种皮等组织器官的呈色密切相关。植物花青素的生物合成主要受遗传控制,环境因子也对其合成有重要调控作用。环境主要通过影响结构基因和转录因子的表达而影响花青素的积累与植物显色。温度、光照、糖、激素、干旱、盐、低氮、pH值等均对植物花青素的生物合成有显著影响。本文综述了环境因子对植物花青素合成代谢调控的研究情况,以期为花青素合成代谢的相关研究提供参考。

猪毛菜响应干旱胁迫的叶片结构、生理及转录组分析

为探究猪毛菜在表型、生理及分子层面对干旱胁迫的响应机制,采用控水法进行梯度干旱胁迫,对叶片进行解剖结构和生理指标测定及转录组测序。结果表明:干旱胁迫导致栅栏组织从致密变稀疏,晶簇先消失后增多;贮水组织厚度先增大后降低(P<0.05),主维管束面积和表皮厚度在28 d时显著增大,分别为(3099.72±151.88)μm^(2)和(23.73±0.68)μm(P<0.05),叶片厚度增大而叶面积减小(P<0.05);叶绿素含量逐渐降低(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量在28 d显著增大(P<0.05),H2O2含量在14 d显著增大(P<0.05),可溶性蛋白含量先增后降再增(P<0.05)。与0 d比较,干旱胁迫7、14和28 d的差异表达基因(DEGs)分别有103、1560和270个;基因本体(GO)富集分析表明各组合DEGs显著富集在蛋白质磷酸酶Ⅰ型复合体、膜的整体组件、氧化还原过程、氧化还原酶活性等条目中;京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析表明各组合DEGs同时显著富集在氧化磷酸化代谢、核糖体和光传导等通路中。非生物胁迫通路DEGs分析表明,热激蛋白基因、GPX2、POD、SOD、CPK19、CIPK9、MAP激酶基因、蛋白质降解通路基因、UXS1和F3H等参与对干旱胁迫的响应调节。研究结果可为进一步研究猪毛菜抗旱机制提供参考。

绿色金融、产业结构升级与海洋经济高质量发展——基于环境规制调节的中介模型

绿色金融是促进“双碳”目标实现和提升海洋经济高质量发展水平的重要抓手。论文基于2009—2019年我国11个沿海省市的面板数据,运用中介模型考察了绿色金融对海洋经济高质量发展的影响及其传导路径。在此基础上构建有调节的中介效应模型,基于产业结构高级化和合理化的中介路径与环境规制的调节效应探究绿色金融对海洋经济高质量发展的路径机制。研究发现:首先,绿色金融显著促进海洋经济高质量发展,产业结构高级化和合理化均存在正向中介效应;其次,环境规制正向调节绿色金融发展对产业结构升级的积极影响,同时强化产业结构升级对海洋经济高质量发展的促进作用,且在绿色金融对海洋经济高质量发展的直接效应中起到显著正向调节作用。

石墨烯复合材料设计对其电催化性能影响的研究进展

石墨烯是以sp2杂化轨道组成的六角型蜂巢状二维碳纳米材料,具有比表面积大、导电性好和机械强度高等优点,在电催化领域被广泛应用,但也存在易堆叠、活性位点少等不足。石墨烯材料电催化活性与其原子排列、分子吸附和活化、电子结构、电荷运输等相关,综述了通过掺杂调控提高其内在活性、界面调控实现不同组分之间的协同作用、相调控改变原子排布方式、结构调控改变局部环境促进电子和质量传递等改善石墨烯材料电催化性能的方法,指出将掺杂调控与其他3种活性调控方法有机结合是未来的发展方向。

不同激素处理和扦插时间对幼化乌桕嫩枝扦插生根的影响

【目的】优化乌桕扦插育苗试验,为乌桕的无性繁殖提供实践参考;观察生根过程的形态、解剖学结构及营养物质变化,为乌桕生根机理提供理论依据。【方法】以6年生乌桕为材料,分析幼化处理后在外源激素(200、500、800 mg·L^(-1)的NAA和800、1000、1200 mg·L^(-1)的IBA)和扦插时期(6、9月)对乌桕嫩枝扦插生根的影响;定期拍照进行形态观察以确定采样周期,利用石蜡切片技术观察插穗的解剖学结构,并采用蒽酮比色法和考马斯亮蓝法测定可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白含量。【结果】幼化处理可以明显提高乌桕扦插生根效果;IBA处理组的生根效果明显优于NAA,当IBA浓度为1200 mg·L^(-1)时生根率最高,可达100%。6月乌桕扦插的各生根指标均高于9月。解剖学观察未发现潜伏根原基,因此乌桕嫩枝扦插不定根源于诱生根原基,存在皮部及愈伤两种生根类型;在乌桕扦插生根过程中,处理组淀粉含量变化呈“下降—上升”趋势,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量呈“上升—下降—上升”的变化趋势,对照组变化趋势与激素处理组相似,但峰值出现时间比处理组推迟7 d左右。【结论】乌桕不定根发生属于混合生根类型,幼化处理可有效提高乌桕扦插生根效果,6月扦插,1200 mg·L^(-1)的IBA激素处理生根效果最好,且生长调节剂能提高营养物质积累与代谢速度,促进插穗生根。

算法赋能政府规制:逻辑、限度与发展方向

在算法治理时代,算法既是需要规制的对象,也是赋能政府规制以实现更好规制的治理工具。社会高度计算化和算法的规则属性给予了算法赋能的技术逻辑,数字化转型引致的规制困境和私人算法滥用奠定了算法赋能的现实逻辑,提升规制效能增进民生福祉形塑了算法赋能的价值逻辑。但是,算法运行本身存在的内在局限,以及规制者能力不足或不当运用,导致算法赋能政府规制存在着复杂性难以化约、被动规制俘获、规制权力泛化、可问责性和算法偏差等限度。发挥算法赋能政府规制的积极作用,促进算法与政府规制融合发展,必须坚持规制者的主体地位,完善政府规制的体制机制,强化制度建设,保障算法在可控和可信赖的轨道上运行。