Fine Mapping of qTGW3-1,a QTL for 1000-Grain Weight on Chromosome 3 in Rice

The QTL qTGW3-1 was located on chromosome 3 of rice （Oryza sativa L.） and associated with the 1 000-grain weight （TGW） according to the result of our earlier study. With the objective of fine mapping of this locus, we developed a F2 population consisting of 3 428 plants derived from the cross between TGW-related near isogenic line DL017 （BC3F4 generation of GSL 156×Nipponbare） and the recurrent parent Nipponbare. Using six microsatellites, this QTL was delimited between RM5477 and RM6417. Markers MM 1455 and MM 1456 within this region were used for further mapping of this QTL. Finally, qTGW3-1 was fine-mapped into a 89-kb interval between RM5477 and MM1456, which locates in the BAC clone AC107226 harboring five putative candidate genes.

Correlation Analysis of Rice Seed Setting Rate and Weight of 1 000-Grain and Agro-Meteorology over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of historic climate change on rice yield over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, and to better adapt to climate change in the future. This study presents the relation of temperature and precipitation and rice components from 1981 to 2003 at 48 early rice stations and 30 middle rice stations. It focuses on an analysis of three stages： flowering, pre-milk, and late milk. The results show that mean maximum temperature and mean daily precipitation at the stages of flowering and pre-milk are most related to early rice yield. Yield change of middle rice is mainly because of mean precipitation change at the flowering stage. Furthermore, percentage of undeveloped grain increases as mean maximum temperature rises at the flowering stage. Over-precipitation in the reproductive stage is a major reason for reduction in yield of early rice. Consecutive rainfall and continuous high temperature can have negative effects on middle rice yield. Global warming would affect middle rice more seriously than early rice.

应用1∶200000区域重磁资料推断贵州东部地区隐伏岩体

贵州中西部以广布峨眉山玄武岩著称,而东部地区,处在扬子地台与江南陆块这一特殊的地质构造部位上,岩体分布较中西部地区,由酸性～基性～超基性岩均有见及,出露种类齐全、分布面积有限,特别是沿北向南基性～超基性岩局地成群成带小规模集中分布。基于研究区内以往物探工作程度低,对出露火山岩、侵入岩的物性系统研究不足,这里以研究已知岩体上的重磁异常响应(值)特征的变化为主线,结合已知岩体分布、重磁异常的对应规律、有限的物性资料以及邻邦广西桂北一带的物性等信息,对研究区内可能存在的隐伏岩体进行初步圈定。共推断了17处花岗岩,21处基性～超基性岩,绘制了贵州东部岩体"一张图",基本反映了研究区内的客观地质现象和地质作用结果。

Analysis of Yield Components of Japonica Rice Tong Jing 981 under Different Density and Fertilization Conditions

The yield and yield components of Japonica variety Tongjing 981 under different density and fertilization levels were studied through regression and correlation and path analysis. The results showed that the number of panicles per unit area, number of filled grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight all had very significant yield increasing effects, and the number of panicles per unit area played a leading role. However, the yield increasing effects of the number of panicles per unit area and number of filled grains per panicle are equally important when the basic seedlings are more or the N fertilizer application rate is large. In practical production, a major factor should be determined among the yield components, and rational cultivation measures should be taken accordingly, to improve yield.

油后直播杂交稻粒质量对播期反应的基因型差异

选用30个水稻基因型,研究油后直播6个不同播期粒质量的变化规律,探讨粒质量对播期反应的基因型差异及其类型。结果表明:(1)供试30种水稻在6种不同播期下水稻粒质量间均存在极显著的基因型差异。(2)同一基因型在6种不同播期下千粒质量的极差最大为6.33g,最小为2.17g;变异系数最大为5.27%,最小为2.00%。(3)千粒质量随播期变化趋势可分为开口向下抛物线型、开口向上抛物线型和跳跃型3种。根据千粒质量在不同播期下的极差和变异系数,可将水稻千粒质量对播期的反应分为钝感型、中间型和敏感型。

千米深井巷道钢管混凝土支架支护技术应用

邢东矿二水平皮带下山巷埋深1 010～1 230 m,属千米深井巷道,巷道围岩荷载大,两帮煤体强度低,底鼓严重,巷道多次返修后仍无法稳定。为解决二水平皮带下山巷支护难题,在充分分析围岩地质条件及原有支护变形特征的基础上,设计了椭圆形钢管混凝土支架和深浅交叉式注浆加固复合支护方案,钢管混凝土支架分φ194×8基本型支架和φ194×10强化型支架2种型号,支护反力分别达到1.1 MPa和1.23 MPa。使用基于钢管混凝土支架的复合支护方案半年后,二水平皮带下山巷道稳定,无可见变形,完全满足使用条件。实践证明:钢管混凝土支架的高强承载能力在千米深井支护中具有突出优势,可以作为千米深井巷道支护的可靠架型。

Mapping of QTLs Related to Grain Weight Using Chromosome Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice

Grain weight, one of the major factors determining rice yield, is a typical quantitative trait control ed by multiple genes. With Guangluai 4 as recipient and Nipponbare as donor, a population of 119 chromosome single segment substitution lines had been developed. Correlation analysis between grain weight and grain shape by SPSS revealed that 1 000-grain weight shared extremely significant posi-tive correlation with grain length and length-width ratio, but no significant correlation with grain width and thickness. The QTL analysis of grain weight was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett＇s test. Nineteen stable QTLs re-sponsible for grain weight were identified over two years. Al 19 QTLs were identi-fied on al chromosomes except for chromosome 10 and 12 at a significance level of P≤0.001. Among them, 10 QTLs had a positive effect and were derived from the Nipponbare al ele, the additive effect of these QTLs ranged from 0.49 to 2.74 g, and the contributions of the additive effects ranged from 2.00% to 11.05%. Another 9 QTLs had a negative effect and were al derived from Guangluai 4 al ele, the ad-ditive effect of these QTLs ranged from 0.60 to 2.35 g, and the contributions of the additive effects ranged from 2.40% to 9.84%. The results provide a basis for the fine mapping and gene cloning of novel locus associated with rice grain weight.

1000kV GIS设备基础设计研究与优化

1 000 kV GIS设备在变电站里重要性极高,对沉降变形极为敏感,为保证设备的顺利安装、正常运行及使用,厂家对1 000 kV GIS设备基础提出的不均匀沉降、施工误差等要求均较常规工程高,而沪西站地处软土地区,场地内普遍分布有厚约10 m的③淤泥质粉质粘土,同时有近3 m厚的回填土,极易引起GIS设备的不均匀沉降。根据工艺要求,1 000 kV GIS设备基础表面需采用大平板,在基础长度、宽度均较大的情况下,大体积混凝土的施工、表面裂缝的控制也是1 000 kV GIS设备基础设计的一大难点。采用Pile 7.1桩基础设计计算软件计算沉降,在不均匀沉降满足设备要求的情况下,对筏板厚度及桩基布置进行优化。结合工程经验,采用双层埋件,减小埋件施工误差控制的难度,并根据1 000 kV GIS设备基础的特点,采取各种措施减小大体积混凝土施工的影响及基础表面的温度裂缝。

不同种源黄连木种子萌发特性比较研究

以6个不同种源的黄连木种子为研究对象,对种子横纵径比、千粒重、绝对发芽率、发芽率和发芽势进行了比较分析。结果表明,不同种源黄连木种子千粒重范围为37.56～56.20g,横纵径比范围为0.55～0.75,形态较好;发芽率的范围为15.25%～56.85%,发芽势在20.55%～54.85%之间。不同种源间种子的横纵径比、千粒重、发芽率、发芽势等均达到显著或极显著水平。

基于机器视觉的种子千粒重测定系统的设计

粮食和油料种子千粒重的测定都采用人工的方法,不仅效率低且不准确。为了解决这一问题,采用图像处理的方法,提出一种改进类间最大方差二值化方法和欧氏距离变换相结合的方法来解决粮食和油料种子颗粒之间的粘连和孔洞问题,并采用区域种子点搜索方法对种子进行计数,实现了种子千粒重的自动测定,实验证明:该系统不仅精度高,速度也有很大的提高。

高精度重力测量在雪山嶂地区地质综合调查中的应用

主要介绍了1∶5万高精度重力测量在广东南岭雪山嶂地区地质综合调查中的应用。利用面积性及剖面性重力数据处理和解释所取得的成果,在指导1∶5万地质填图中圈定半隐伏或隐伏岩体、追踪断裂构造、确定地层界线及追索矿(化)体等发挥了重要作用。以成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面、成矿作用"三位一体"成矿理论指导大宝山矿床外围找矿,圈定了大宝山矿集区含矿建造范围,追踪已知矿段延伸,分析其深部成矿潜力。根据1∶5万重力测量成果,在大宝山矿床外围的北东侧剩余重力正异常部位,成功发现深部厚大铜矿。

温度和种子大小对黄花委陵菜种子萌发特征的影响

种子萌发是一个代谢过程,受到种子自身的内在因素和外界环境因素的双重作用。影响种子萌发的主要内在因素是种子大小,主要外在因素是外界环境温度。本研究以黄花委陵菜种子为材料,进行了温度和种子大小对种子发芽影响的研究。结果表明:温度显著影响种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数。20℃是黄花委陵菜种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高。种子大小只与其发芽率有显著关系,未能显著改变发芽势和发芽指数。综合各项指标,黄花委陵菜的最适发芽温度是20℃,温度适应范围比较小,在园林育种、管理等应用方面要严格控制其外界温度变化。