SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-DIPHENYL-1.3,4-DIAZAPHOSPHOLID1N-2-ONE-4-OXIDE BY MANNICH-TYPE REACTION

Phenylurea reacted with dichlorophenylphosphine and aldehydes or ketones by Mannich-type reaction in anhydrous benzene to give five-mem- bered phosphorous heterocyclic compounds.However.derivatives of α-ureidoalkylphosphonic acids were obtained as the reaction performed in glacial acetic acid.

Photo-induced Coupling Reaction of 1,1-Diphenyl-2,2-dicyanoethylene with 10-Methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine

Diphenyl-2, 2-dicyanoethylene reacts with 10-methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine in deaerated acetonitrile under irradiation with l>320 nm to give the coupling product 1, 1-diphenyl-1-(10-methyl-9-acridinyl)-2, 2-dicyanoethane, which has been characterized by X-ray crystallographic, MS and NMR analyses.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1,2-Dis(1,3-diphenylpropan-2-yl)disulfane

A novel compound of 1,2-dis（1,3-diphenylpropan-2-yl）disulfane（C30H30S2,Mr=454.27）was synthesized in ethanol with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propanone as raw materials,giving high yield of product（90%）.Its structure was determined by IR,1H NMR,MS,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic,space group C2 with a=18.727（3）,b=6.5179（9）,c=13.7576（18）,β=131.0610（10）o,V=1266.2（3）3,Z=2,Dc=2.136 g/cm3,μ=1.078 mm-1,F（000）=843,R=0.0490 and wR=0.1247 for 3211 observed reflections with I2（I）.X-ray analysis reveals that the molecule is not symmetrical.There exist no classical hydrogen bonds andπ-πstacking interactions.Moreover,the thermal stability of compound 3 was investigated.

Morphology Control over the Organic Nanoparticles of 1,3-Diphenyl-5-(9-anthryl)-2-pyrazoline

The organic nanoparticles of a blue-light-emitting molecule,1,3-diphenyl-5-(9-anthryl)-2-pyrazoline,were prepared by reprecipitation method using acetonitrile as the solvent for the molecular precursor. Three morphologies,spherical,doughnut-shaped and cubic,could be observed on the silicon substrate for the nanoparticles by the volume-controlled addition of acetonitrile. The evolution of particle morphology as a function of acetonitrile addition was attributed to the variation of the growth habits of the particles in the different environment. The nanoparticles exhibit the novel photoluminescence spectra as compared to those of monomer and the bulk crystals.

Antioxidant Activity Evaluation in a Series of Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from 1,8-Diaminonaphthalene

From (2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidin-2-yl)-phenyl, the substitution of OH group in ortho or para position on the phenyl ring, allows us to synthesize the studied compounds. These three compounds have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS). The interest of this work is to review the antioxidant activity of our compounds. The antioxidant activity screening carried out according to FRAP and DPPH methods revealed significant anti-free radical properties for compounds 1 and 2 even at low concentrations. In contrast to the compound 2, compound 3 for which the OH group is substituted in para position has the lowest activity in both cases. Therefore the para position seems to be the least sensitive position to increase the antioxidant activity of this pharmacophore.

Synthesis of 3,3,5,5-tetrabenzyl-1,2,4-trithiol and 1,2-dis(1,3-arylpropan-2-yl)disulfane

Novel sulfur-containing compounds （3a-3c, 4a-4c） were obtained in ethanol with 1,3-diphenyl-2- propanone as the starting material. The advantages of this procedure were mild reaction conditions, simple protocol, and high yields. The structures of the products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS and elementary analysis. The crystal of the new compound 4a belongs to monoclinic, space group C2 with a=18.727（3）, b=6.5179（9）, c=13.7576（18） A, fl=131.0610（10）°, V=I266.2（3）A3, Z=2, Dc=2.136g/cm3, μ=1.078mm 1, F（000）=843, R=0.0490 and wR=0.1247 for 3211 observed reflection with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray analysis reveals that the molecule is not symmetrical, the molecular structure is stabilized by weak π-π stacking interactions, and no classical hydrogen bonds can be observed.

三种小麦麸皮总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性

研究不同溶剂(乙醇、甲醇、丙酮)提取的3种不同品种小麦麸皮(豫教5号、郑麦7698、西农979)黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,3种不同的有机溶剂对小麦麸皮的总黄酮提取能力顺序为:乙醇>甲醇>丙酮。其中乙醇提取的总黄酮的总还原力和清除羟基自由基的能力最强。细胞实验结果显示,乙醇提取3种不同品种的小麦麸皮中黄酮类化合物能使人胃腺癌细胞(adenocarcinoma cell line,AGS)内活性氧水平下降,显示良好的抗氧化活性,且活性与总黄酮含量呈正相关性。总的来说,乙醇提取的西农979小麦麸皮的总黄酮的抗氧化能力最好。该研究结果为更好利用979小麦麸皮中黄酮类物质提供了参考依据。

Synthesis of Hydroxystilbene Derivatives and their Antioxidant Activity by DPPH Method

Five hydroxystilbene derivatives were synthesized and their structures were determined using high-resolution mass spectrometry, ^1H NMB, and IR. In this study, the antioxidant activities of eight hydroxystilbenes （five synthesized hydroxystilbene derivatives and three other compounds） were evaluated with the free radiced scavenging model 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl. It was observed that there exists a very significant linear rehtionship between the reciprocal of the EC50 value of each of the compounds and the maximum wavelength of the ultraviolet absorption peaks, It is believed that this result will be helpful for the further synthesis of such antioxidants.

Synthesis of a New β-Mercaptoalcohol

In this letter, (R)-1,1-diphenyl-2-mercapto-3-methyl-1-butanol was synthesized from L-valine and two synthetic routes have been tried.

A Comparative Study of Antioxidant Activities between Fresh and Dry Mushrooms in the Genera <i>Cantharellus</i>and <i>Afrocantharellus</i>from Tanzania

Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying processes are not known. This study establishes their values and the effect of sun drying on their quality and quantity. Methanolic extracts of five Cantharellus and two Afrocantharellus species were investigated. The investigation used (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) DPPH as a substrate to determine radical scavenging abilities. Further quantitative analyses for carotenoids, flavonoid, total phenolic compounds and vitamin C content were done using spectrophotometric assay at 515 nm. Comparatively, fresh mushroom had higher vitamin C and Lycopene contents than their dry counterparts with β-carotene. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds were higher in dry forms than those in their fresh counterparts. Radical scavenging ability also varied with fresh forms depicting higher activity compared to dry forms. The variation was low in Afrocantharellus species (0.8% and 0.99%) while it was higher in Cantharellus species (24.12% and 7.52%). The highest ability was observed in fresh forms of Cantharellus pseudocibarius (EC50 50 = 0.4 mg/ml) was from dry form of Cantharellus rufopunctatus. This shows that studied mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and their quality and quantities are affected differently in both forms. Both dry and fresh mushrooms are potential sources of natural antioxidants. The portrayed high scavenging ability by these mushrooms envisages promoting them into potential nutraceutics.

The Application of Novel Electrochemical Approach to Antioxidant Activity Assay of Metal Porphyrins with Bulky 3,5-Diisobornyl-4-hydroxyphenyl Moieties

The complexes of biogenic metals (Zn2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Mn3+,Fe3+) based on meso-tetra(3,5-diisobor- nyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin 1 were synthesized. The electrochemical behavior of these com-pounds was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE) techniques. The antioxidant activity of complexes was estimated by means of the electrochemical assay based on the hydrogen atom transfer reaction to the stable radical 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The RDE method was applied for this process monitoring. It was shown that the efficiency of the metal complexes (Cu2+,Co2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Fe3+) is practically the same order as that of free base porphyrin 1. However the Zn2+ complex demonstrates significantly higher antioxidant activity, and the stoichiometry of the reaction was determined as σ = 4. The results demonstrate that porphyrin macrocycle can directly affect the antioxidant properties of 2,6-diisobornylphenol.

Effect of Induced Mutation on Antioxidant Activity in Ocimum basilicum Linn

Five batches from the same stock of seeds of Ocimum basilicum were irradiated at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 Gy, respectively using 60C source. Methanolic leaf extracts of these samples and a control were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method using M2 plants. All the methanolic extracts showed antioxidant activity. The IC50 of the methanolic extracts of the six different treatments, control, 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 15 Gy, 20 Gy and 25 Gy, showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 100, 90, 86, 61, 71 and 70 μg/ml, respectively. Three individual mutants, M-15-5, M-20-6 and M-15-4, had IC50 values of 26, 30 and 40 μg/ml, respectively. These mutants were from the 15 Gy and 20 Gy treatments. From the results, it is confirmed that induced mutation can be employed to create variation in the levels of free radical scavenging activity in O. basilicum and can therefore serve as a tool for breeding for high levels of antioxidant activity in O. basilicum.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles and Methanol Extracts of Three Indigenous Nigeria Herbal Seeds

The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNPs capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNPS of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNPS PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNPS. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNPS, PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.

土荆芥果实挥发油成分及抗氧化能力

对土荆芥果实挥发油成分及抗氧化能力进行研究。采用质谱技术与Kovats指数相结合对土荆芥果实挥发油化学成分进行分离鉴定;利用清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的方法,评价土荆芥果实挥发油的抗氧化能力。土荆芥果实挥发油中分离鉴定了11种组分,其相对含量占挥发油总质量的98.94%,含量较高组分是α-异松油烯(60.44%),驱蛔素(15.57%),对-聚伞花素(12.76%)和α-松油烯(4.51%)。清除DPPH自由基IC50为6.9053mg.mL-1。土荆芥果实挥发油主要成分是萜烯类化合物;并具有一定的抗氧化能力。

西兰花提取物抗氧化性研究的意义

西兰花含有许多抗氧化性,可使人体避免受到自由基的伤害,降低疾病发生机率。利用DPPH法对西兰花提取物的抗衰老、抗疾病能力进行了测定。

Phytochemical characterization of polyphenolic compounds with HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS and evaluation of lipid-lowering capacity of aqueous extracts from Saharan plant Anabasis aretioides(Coss & Moq.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective： Anabasis aretioides （Coss ＆ Moq.）, a Saharan plant belonging to Chenopodiaceae family, is widely distributed in semi-desert areas from the Tafilalet region of Morocco. This plant is extensively used by local population against diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous A. aretioides extract on lipid metabolism in normal and strepto-zotocin （STZ）-induced diabetic rats and to identify the polyphenolic compounds present. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the aqueous A. aretioides extract was also evaluated. Methods： The effect of an aerial part aqueous extract （APAE） ofA. aretioides （5 mg/kg of lyophilized A. are-tioides APAE） on plasma lipid profile was investigated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats （n = 6） after once daily oral administration for 15 days. The aqueous extract was tested for its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical-scavenging activity. Polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were defini-tively characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Results： In diabetic rats, oral administration ofA. aretioides APAE provoked a significant decrease in both plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels from the first to the second week （P 〈 0.01）. A significant decrease on plasma triglyceride levels was also observed in normal rats （P 〈 0.01）, where the reduction was 53%. In addition, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 polyphenolic compounds. Moreover, according to the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the aqueous extract showed an in vitro antioxidant activity. Conclusion： Aqueous A. aretioides APAE exhibits lipid-lowering and in vitro antioxidant activities. Many polyphenols were present in this extract and these phytoconstituents may be involved in the pharmaco-logical activity of this plant.

Optimization of Extraction of Antioxidants from Turmeric(Curcuma longa L.) Using Response Surface Methodology

Turmeric is a spice widely used to enhance the taste and color of certain meats. We investigated the antioxidant capacities of turmeric ethanol soaking extracts by utilizing the scavenging properties of hydroxyl radical and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） free radical. The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters were： extraction time 4 h, sample-solvent ratio 1：84.12, solvent 72.34% ethanol solution, and water bath temperature 81.3 ℃. The optimum ethanol soaking extraction parameters were： extraction time 4 h, sample-solvent ratio 1：90.74, solvent 80.46% ethanol solution, water bath temperature 88.2 ℃. With these parameters, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and the DPPH free radical clearance of crude extracts from turmeric can reach about 93.78% and 40.69%, respectively. These results indicate that ethanol soaking extraction may be a useful method for extracting antioxidants from turmeric.

Antioxidant,phytotoxic and cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Objective:To analyze the methanol extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum(T.foenum-graecum)for antioxidant,phytotoxic and cytotoxic activity.Methods:The powder of T.foenum-graecum was extracted in diluted methanol with the help of random shaking method.All extracts of the plant were measured for cytotoxic activity(beside brine shrimp and antioxidant activity vs.1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical).Results:Various concentrations of methanolic extract of T.foenum-graecum were observed as 36.16%to 54.12%with rising concentrations of 50 to 1000μg/mL.Significantly phytotoxic activity(100 and 1000μg/mL)reduced the growth of roots(radicals)and shoots(hypocotyls)of rice when compared to control after 3 and 7 days’treatment.At a concentration of 10μg/mL,the survival rate of cytotoxic activity of brine shrimp was maximum and at a concentration of 250μg/mL,the death rate of brine shrimp was maximum.Conclusions:T.foenum-graecum has potential activity against free radical mediated sickness and thus it is possible to treat cancer.

Evaluation of antioxidant potential,total phenolic content and phytochemical screening of aerial parts of a folkloric medicine,Haplophyllum tuberculatum(Forssk)A.Juss

Objective:To quantify total phenols,flavonoids and to investigate the in vitro antioxidant power of Haplophyllum tuberculatum(H.tuberculatum)leaves extracts of varying polarities.Methods:The authenticated sample of H.tuberculatum(50 g)leaves was dried under shade,powdered and extracted exhaustively with ethanol by cold percolation method.The alcoholic extract was further partitioned into petroleum ether,acetone,chloroform and methanol to obtain the fractions of varying polarities which were subjected to qualitative phytochemical testing.Total phenolics and flavonoids content in the acetone,chloroform and methanol extracts were quantified by using standard colorimetric methods.Petroleum ether extract was omitted because it did not show the presence of either tannins or flavonoids.In vitro antioxidant activity and total antioxidant capacity were determined by using 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and phosphomolybdenum reagent.Ascorbic acid was used as a reference antioxidant for comparison purpose.Results:Qualitative phytochemical results of leaves extracts confirmed the presence of major secondary plant metabolites.The extraction of phenolic compounds varied considerably according to the polarity of solvent.The most polar fractions i.e.methanol were observed to have the highest phenolic content(561.22 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent)and flavonoids(165.54 mg/g of quercetin equivalent).Although the free radical scavenging activity of leaves fractions was noted to be slightly lower than the reference compound,a direct relationship was observed between phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity.On the other hand,leaves fractions exhibited significant total antioxidant capacity as ascorbic acid equivalent.Conclusions:The aerial part of H.tuberculatum is rich in phenolic compounds which might play a vital role in the discovery of natural antioxidants.