When R satisfies (strong unit) 1-stable range and M is a R-R-bimodule, the authors calculate that K_1(R(?) M)≌U(R(?) M)/L(R(?) M). As applications, the authors also calculate some Whitehead groups for exchange rings ...When R satisfies (strong unit) 1-stable range and M is a R-R-bimodule, the authors calculate that K_1(R(?) M)≌U(R(?) M)/L(R(?) M). As applications, the authors also calculate some Whitehead groups for exchange rings with artinian primitive factors.展开更多
Regio and stereoselective synthesis of substituted dihydrofurans were accomplished by eeric ammonium nitrate mediated oxidative cycloaddition of 1,3-dicarbonyls to β-aryl-α,β-unsaturated ketones in moderate yields.
The study reflects on previous World Bank and FAO reports that made the general recommendation to set both research and extension investment targets in developing countries at 1% of agricultural gross domestic product...The study reflects on previous World Bank and FAO reports that made the general recommendation to set both research and extension investment targets in developing countries at 1% of agricultural gross domestic product （AgGDP）. In order to define proxies for country-specific extension investment targets, authors developed an extension investment model （EIM） based on socio-economic macro-indicators （poverty, undernourishment, access to information and population density） and a method to define estimates for cost increases related to climate change. These parameters helped estimating the demand for agricultural extension and investments required for it. Results showed that about half of the 94 developing and emerging countries should spend more than 1% of their respective share of GDP derived from agriculture and about a quarter of the countries, mostly in Africa and South East Asia, need to spend more than 2% of their AgGDP. The paper reveals significant differences in average investment requirements in different regions and shows the additional extension costs related to climate change and other areas that currently lack investment.展开更多
目的研究PD-1抑制剂在广泛期小细胞肺癌(extensive-stage small cell lung cancer,ES-SCLC)患者一线治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性选取64例ES-SCLC患者为研究对象,分为对照组41例和试验组23例。对照组接受化疗,试验组在化疗的基础...目的研究PD-1抑制剂在广泛期小细胞肺癌(extensive-stage small cell lung cancer,ES-SCLC)患者一线治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性选取64例ES-SCLC患者为研究对象,分为对照组41例和试验组23例。对照组接受化疗,试验组在化疗的基础上联合PD-1抑制剂,观察两组的客观有效率、无进展生存期(PFS)、肿瘤标志物水平、不良反应发生的情况。结果试验组客观有效率82.60%,较对照组(51.22%)高(P<0.05)。试验组较对照组中位PFS明显提高(8.9个月vs.6.6个月)(P<0.05)。观察治疗4周期后两组的标志物NSE、ProGRP水平的变化,两组差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组和对照组的3级及以上不良反应发生率分别43.47%和46.34%,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论化疗联合PD-1单抗对ES-SCLC较单纯标准化疗具有较好的临床获益和安全性。展开更多
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19801012)the Ministry of Education of China([2000]65)
文摘When R satisfies (strong unit) 1-stable range and M is a R-R-bimodule, the authors calculate that K_1(R(?) M)≌U(R(?) M)/L(R(?) M). As applications, the authors also calculate some Whitehead groups for exchange rings with artinian primitive factors.
文摘Regio and stereoselective synthesis of substituted dihydrofurans were accomplished by eeric ammonium nitrate mediated oxidative cycloaddition of 1,3-dicarbonyls to β-aryl-α,β-unsaturated ketones in moderate yields.
文摘The study reflects on previous World Bank and FAO reports that made the general recommendation to set both research and extension investment targets in developing countries at 1% of agricultural gross domestic product （AgGDP）. In order to define proxies for country-specific extension investment targets, authors developed an extension investment model （EIM） based on socio-economic macro-indicators （poverty, undernourishment, access to information and population density） and a method to define estimates for cost increases related to climate change. These parameters helped estimating the demand for agricultural extension and investments required for it. Results showed that about half of the 94 developing and emerging countries should spend more than 1% of their respective share of GDP derived from agriculture and about a quarter of the countries, mostly in Africa and South East Asia, need to spend more than 2% of their AgGDP. The paper reveals significant differences in average investment requirements in different regions and shows the additional extension costs related to climate change and other areas that currently lack investment.
文摘目的研究PD-1抑制剂在广泛期小细胞肺癌(extensive-stage small cell lung cancer,ES-SCLC)患者一线治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性选取64例ES-SCLC患者为研究对象,分为对照组41例和试验组23例。对照组接受化疗,试验组在化疗的基础上联合PD-1抑制剂,观察两组的客观有效率、无进展生存期(PFS)、肿瘤标志物水平、不良反应发生的情况。结果试验组客观有效率82.60%,较对照组(51.22%)高(P<0.05)。试验组较对照组中位PFS明显提高(8.9个月vs.6.6个月)(P<0.05)。观察治疗4周期后两组的标志物NSE、ProGRP水平的变化,两组差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组和对照组的3级及以上不良反应发生率分别43.47%和46.34%,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论化疗联合PD-1单抗对ES-SCLC较单纯标准化疗具有较好的临床获益和安全性。
