Higher Plasma Potassium Level Reduces 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Predicted by the Framingham Risk Score among Taxi-Motorbike Drivers Residing and Working in Cotonou, Benin

Hypertension, obesity, smoking, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the major risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent studies revealed that taxi-motorbike drivers (TMDs) in Cotonou had higher rates of CVD risk factors, but their impacts on cardiovascular events have rarely been studied. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is an algorithm that considers CVD risk factors and estimates the risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years. Our objectives were to assess the 10-year CVD risk predicted by the FRS, and to examine the relationships of 10-year CVD risk with plasma iron and potassium levels among TMDs. We included 134 TMDs (22 - 59 years old) who had no prior diagnosis of CVD or T2D, and not taking medications affecting iron and potassium homeostasis. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors were used to calculate the 10-year CVD risk, which was categorized as low (20%). FRS > 2%, which corresponded to the 75th percentile of FRS distribution in our study population, was used as a cut-off value to classify participants into two groups. Plasma iron and potassium levels were segregated into tertiles and their associations with 10-year CVD risk were quantified by multivariate-adjusted logistic regression to calculate the odd ratios (ORs) to being above the 75th percentile of 10-year CVD risk with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that 62.0% of participants had at least one of cardiovascular risk factors. Approximately 97.8% of TMDs had 10-year CVD risk 4.8 mmol/L led to an 83% risk reduction of having 10-year CVD risk > 2% (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04 - 0.82, P = 0.027). In conclusion, our findings showed that high plasma potassium levels associate with reduced 10-year CVD risk among TMDs. Interventions focused on monitoring of plasma potassium, particularly in those with existing cardiovascular risk factors, may help prevent CVD.

Predicted 10-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Its Association with Sleep Duration among Adults in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China

Objective The study aims to predict 10-year cardiovascular disease(CVD)risk and explore its association with sleep duration among Chinese urban adults.Methods We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort that recruited adults for health screening by cluster sampling.The simplified Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Framingham 10-year risk score(FRS)were used to measure sleep duration and CVD risk.Demographic characteristics,personal history of chronic diseases,lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire.Height,weight,total cholesterol(TC),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were also measured.Multiple logistic regression models were performed to explore the association of sleep duration with the predicted CVD risk.Results We included 31,135 participants(median age 44 years,53.02%males)free of CVD,cerebral stroke,and not taking lipid-lowering agents.Overall,14.05%,and 25.55%of participants were at medium and high predicted CVD risk,respectively.Short sleep was independently associated with increased odds of medium to high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among males(OR=1.10;95%CI:1.01–1.19)and increased odds of medium to high and high risk of predicted 10-year CVD among females(OR=1.23;95%CI:1.08–1.40;OR=1.27;95%CI:1.11–1.44).In contrast,long sleep had no association with cardiovascular risk.Conclusion A substantial number of adults free of CVD were at high 10-year CVD risk.Short sleep was associated with increased odds of predicted CVD risk.

迪特·拉姆斯的“好设计10原则”在博物馆展陈设计中的运用

20世纪最有影响力的德国设计师迪特·拉姆斯(Dieter Rams)提出了"好设计10原则",是设计的至高准则。30多年过去了,其设计原则依然通用于各设计艺术门类,作为人们评价好设计的标准。文章对"10原则"在博物馆展陈设计中的运用加以论述。迪特·拉姆斯的设计原则,有助于我们反思国内现阶段的设计现状与问题,对中国的设计有着借鉴与启示意义,为展陈设计注入新的设计思想。

理念·设计·技术的优秀结合——2011西安世园会万桥园解读

以WEST 8主创设计师高伊策在2011西安世园会的"万桥园"为解读对象,首先分析了的该作品的构思源泉和设计理念,指出作品所传达的"体验生命历程"的主题,以及所反映的"雅俗共赏"观念;继而对作品设计手法与技术进行了分析,认为万桥园是理念、设计与技术的优秀结合,作品所呈现的整体性、亲和力是其成功的关键所在。

Association between Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Objective The objective of this study is to determine whether coronary atherosclerotic plaque composition is associated with cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk in Chinese adults. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 549 subjects without previous diagnosis or clinical symptoms of CVD in a community cohort of middle-aged Chinese adults. The participants underwent coronary computed tomography(CT) angiography for the evaluation of the presence and composition of coronary plaques. CVD risk was evaluated by the Framingham risk score(FRS) and the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD) risk score. Results Among the 549 participants, 267(48.6%) had no coronary plaques, 201(36.6%) had noncalcified coronary plaques, and 81(14.8%) had calcified or mixed coronary plaques. The measures of CVD risk including FRS and ASCVD risk score and the likelihood of having elevated FRS significantly increased across the groups of participants without coronary plaques, with noncalcified coronary plaques, and with calcified or mixed coronary plaques. However, only calcified or mixed coronary plaques were significantly associated with an elevated ASCVD risk score [odds ratio(OR) 2.41; 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.09-5.32] compared with no coronary plaques, whereas no significant association was found for noncalcified coronary plaques and elevated ASCVD risk score(OR 1.25; 95% CI 0.71-2.21) after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion Calcified or mixed coronary plaques might be more associated with an elevated likelihood of having CVD than noncalcified coronary plaques.

Assessing the spillover effects of U.S.monetary policy normalization on Nigeria sovereign bond yield

This study examines the spillover effects of U.S.monetary policy normalization on Nigeria 10-Year Treasury bond yield between 2011 and 2017,using the vector error correction model approach.Our results reveal that domestic factors,such as exchange rate and inflation,rather than the U.S.10-Year sovereign bond yield,are the key drivers of Nigeria 10-Year bond yield.Additionally,the spillover effect from the U.S.monetary policy was amplified by oil price shocks and changes in Nigeria’s monetary policy rates.Our counterfactual analysis confirms the findings.

济南西部会展中心供配电设计

根据特大型会展建筑的特点,结合工程案例分析总结会展建筑的供配电设计要点,对负荷分类、负荷计算、供电部门确定的供电模式、10kV供电系统和变压器的设置,以及展厅内展沟配电的方式、展位箱的设置等进行详细介绍。

十年

2000～2009这十年,是中国社会巨变的十年;教育、医疗尤其是房子成了普通人新的三座大山。户籍制度虽未大变;高校疯狂扩招后,不包分配等新人事制度却让更多年轻人突破了户籍强制蜂拥至一线城市,或二、三线城市,总之是在线上,不是农村后方。中国建筑设计市场上的设计方的体制更加多样化。WTO丰富了中国的海外关系,海外人蜂拥进海内。十年展中的三家海外成色各有代表性:表面上,马达思班成色最高,都市实践其次,最不海外的是家琨建筑。马清运身份复杂,不仅在美国为建筑学人师,还在国内大搞与建筑设计无关的多种经营,中国式功利教育远离教育精髓,即使在美国也是倒退。"父亲住宅"是马不纯粹之中的最纯粹,但给农民父亲住太矫情。中国的土地政策迥异于海外,为城乡二元体系,还使得使用者与设计者被中间的开发商或官隔离。但至少"父亲住宅"以及刘家琨建在农村的房子类似于海外方式,不符合中国土地政策主导下的主流。真正的艺术不是时尚的跟屁虫,而是能对一切说不,即艺术家拥有真正的自由;既有表达手段的自由,又能让受众也许不是所有人的精神震撼反思自己的不自由。艺术不一定创造美,有时需要超越美,这是一个更高的境界,不是马清运而是刘家琨的胡慧珊纪念馆达到了或至少接近了这一境界。都市实践总的说来是以时尚的方式在都市或即将被都市化的城中村进行了一场都市美化运动。

The Lynx and Hare Data of 200 Years as the Nonlinear Conserving Interaction Based on Noether’s Conservation Laws and Stability

We applied n-variable conserving nonlinear differential equations (n-CNDEs) to the population data of the 10-year cycles of Canadian lynx (1821-2016) and the snowshoe hare (1845-1921). Modeling external effects as perturbations to population dynamics, recovering and restorations from disintegrations (or extinctions), stability and survival strategies are discussed in terms of the conservation law inherent to dynamical interactions among species. The 2-variable conserving nonlinear interaction (2CNIs) is extended to 3, 4, ... n-variable conserving nonlinear interactions (n-CNIs) of species by adjusting minimum unknown parameters. The population cycle of species is a manifestation of conservation laws existing in complicated ecosystems, which is suggested from the CNDE analysis as a standard rhythm of interactions. The ecosystem is a consequence of the long history of nonlinear interactions and evolutions among life-beings and the natural environment, and the population dynamics of an ecosystem are observed as approximate CNIs. Physical analyses of the conserving quantity in nonlinear interactions would help us understand why and how they have developed. The standard rhythm found in nonlinear interactions should be considered as a manifestation of the survival strategy and the survival of the fittest to the balance of biological systems. The CNDEs and nonlinear differential equations with time-dependent coefficients would help find useful physical information on the survival of the fittest and symbiosis in an ecosystem.

Ten-year survival and recurrence of hepatocellular cancer

Aim:Long-term survival after hepatocellular cancer(HCC)is difficult to achieve likely related to recurrence.This study aimed to identify factors that were predictive of 10-year survival after the diagnosis of HCC.Methods:In a prospectively collected database of 1374 HCC cases(1993-2019),we identified 70 patients who survived over 10 years regardless of treatment.We then identified 164 patients in the entire cohort who either had liver resection or transplant,and died before 10 years.Demographics,tumor characteristics,treatment,recurrence and treatment of recurrence were compared.Results:Of the 10-year survivors,36 underwent transplant,27 had liver resection and 7 patients had only locoregional therapy.Compared to the non-survivors,the 10-year survivors were younger and had fewer comorbidities or recurrence,smaller tumor size,lower AST,ALT,AFP,platelets,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.Multivariate analysis showed only age and diabetes to be negative predictors.Recurrence occurred in 24 survivors(34.3%)with mean time to recurrence with standard deviation 57.1±42.6 months compared to 80 non-survivors(48.7%)with mean time to recurrence of 15.3±14.8 months.For hepatic resection,10-year survivors had longer time to recurrence compared to non-survivors(median:31.3 months).Conclusion:Long-term survivors mostly occur after resection or transplant,but 10%of our cohort survived 10 years with only locoregional therapy.Underlying health status maybe an important predictor of 10-year survival for ;patients receiving liver resections.Recurrence of HCC occurs in both 10-year survivors and non-survivors,but later recurrence with aggressive treatment of the recurrence may allow for 10-year survival.

Effect of time resolution of rainfall measurements on the erosivity factor in the USLE in China

Rainfall erosivity,one of the factors in the Universal Soil Loss Equation.quantifies the effect of rainfall and runoffon soil erosion.High-resolution data are required to compute rainfall erosivity,but are not widely available in many parts of the world.As the temporal resolution of rainfall measurement decreases,computed rainfall erosivity decreases.The objective of the paper is to derive a series of conversion factors as a function of the time interval to compute rainfall erosivity so that the R factor computed using data at different time intervals could be converted to that computed using 1-min data.Rainfall data at 1-min intervals from 62 stations over China were collected to first compute the~ue'R factor values.Underestimation of the R factor was systematically evaluated using data aggregated at 5,6.10,15,20,30,and 60-min to develop conversion factors for the R factor and the 1-in-10-year storm EI30 values.Compared with true values,the relative error in R factor using data at fixed intervals of≤10min was<10%for at least 44 out of 62 stations.Errors increased rapidly when the time interval of the rainfall data exceeded 15 min.Relative errors were>10%using 15-min data for 66.1%of stations and>20%using 30-min data for 61.3%of stations.The conversion factors for the R factor,ranging from 1.051 to 1.871 for 5 to 60-min data,are higher than those for the 1-in-10-years storm EI30,ranging from 1.034 to 1.489 for the 62stations.

论博物馆展览背后的专业化步伐

全国十大陈列展览精品的评选活动历经二十年,成为中国博物馆界展览专业化水平的标尺,引发了博物馆展览一系列环节的系统性管理以及对展览专业化问题的深度思考。文章首先以南通博物苑和天津博物馆的前身天津博物院为例回顾了博物馆的初衷。文章结合天津博物馆及其他国内外博物馆的案例,分析了博物馆基本陈列趋向,同时对博物馆临时展览进行了分析与思索,提出了对展览形式设计前景的遐想,以期对博物馆展览的专业化问题开展进一步探讨。