This study was conducted to determine the effective dose of 17α-methyltestosterone(MT)that produces all-male fry of black-chinned tilapia,Sarotherodon melanotheron.Five concentrations:0,30,60,90 and 120 mg 17α-methy...This study was conducted to determine the effective dose of 17α-methyltestosterone(MT)that produces all-male fry of black-chinned tilapia,Sarotherodon melanotheron.Five concentrations:0,30,60,90 and 120 mg 17α-methyltestosterone(17α-MT)per kilogram feed were prepared using the ethanol evaporation method,and administered orally to black-chinned tilapia fry for 28 days in triplicate aquarium glass tanks.After the treatment period,triplicates of 60 fry from each treatment were stocked in hapas and further cultured in freshwater ponds.They were fed with commercial fish feed ad libitum.The sex ratio,growth performance and survival were evaluated after 60 and 180 days.At the end of the 60-day period,the sex ratio of 30 fish from each treatment was determined by using the gonadal squash method.The remaining 30 fish from each treatment were grown further for 180 days and their sex ratio determined using the genital papillae.The results demonstrated that 17α-methyltestosterone was effective in producing phenotypic male in S.melanotheron.However,in both 60-day and 180-day experiments,no treatment gave 100%male population.The 90 mg/kg MT yielded the highest all-male fish of 84.13%,highest survival of 70%and highest final mean body weight of 103.99±7.92 g.展开更多
Objective:To examine sex reversal both by oral and by immersion using 17α-methyltestosterone on the methyltestosterone residual concentration and the organ histopathology of tilapia fish.Methods:This study used oral ...Objective:To examine sex reversal both by oral and by immersion using 17α-methyltestosterone on the methyltestosterone residual concentration and the organ histopathology of tilapia fish.Methods:This study used oral and immersion treatment methods for sex reversal of tilapia fish and used normal fish as the control and each treatment was repeated 4 times.17α-methyltestosterone at dosages of 60 mg/kg feed and 0.5 mg/L were used for oral and immersion methods,respectively.In the first step,tilapia fry were reared at 100 L aquaria,with a density of 1 fish/L for 2 months.In the next step,male tilapias were reared at happa(net cage)of(2×1×1)m3 size in the controlled pond,with a density of 30 fish/happa for 3 months.The methyltestosterone residual concentrations were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests,while organ histopathology was analyzed by descriptive method.Results:Residual concentrations in the serum of methyltestosterone-treated fish were significantly lower than that in normal fish,especially in 4-and 5-month-old tilapias with averages of less than 5μg/L,while in normal fish was more than 5μg/L.In the flesh,methyltestosterone residual concentrations showed relatively no significant differences between the oral and immersion treatment groups and methyltestosterone-treated fish remained lower compared to normal fish,except in 5-month-old tilapia.Methyltestosterone-treated tilapia exhibited histopathological changes on gill,liver,kidneys,and intestine organs.Conclusions:Sex reversal either by oral or by immersion has methyltestosterone residual concentration,but does not exceed the limits(5μg/L or 5μg/kg)of synthetic steroid on the fish body,although methyltestosterone causes histopathological changes on gill,liver,kidneys,and intestine.展开更多
Precocity in tilapia implies the use of several methods of obtaining monosex seed;the most common tends to use masculinizing hormone 17α-methyltestosterone(17αMT),with variable results.Thus the objective of this stu...Precocity in tilapia implies the use of several methods of obtaining monosex seed;the most common tends to use masculinizing hormone 17α-methyltestosterone(17αMT),with variable results.Thus the objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of the sexual reversion process using 17αMT,in a recirculation system and in biofloc.In a totally randomized design,three tanks for recirculation(T-RAS)and three tanks for biofloc(T-BIO)with a capacity of 200 L effective volume were taken and filled with 1,056 larvae of Oreochromis sp.,without reversing and with an initial weight of 0.02 g and an initial total length of 1.4 mm.The study was carried out during 65 d,the fish were fed(10%biomass,adjusted every 15 d)by a commercial diet at 45%of crude protein that included 17αMT(60 mg/kg).Water quality,microbiology,zootechnical and gonadal analysis were monitored.Consequently the water quality results showed that just dissolved oxygen(DO),temperature(T-°C)and alkalinity did not show significant differences.Additionally,in the productive parameters there were significant differences in the final length,the gain in length and in K which were better in T-BIO.The microbiological ones did not present significant differences between the treatments.Lastly,the percentage of reversion was significantly better in T-RAS.Then,this study suggests that settleable solids concentrations above 35 cm decrease the efficiency of the sexual reversion for this species.展开更多
17α-methyltestosterone(17α-MT)is an emerging pollutant,which is harmful to the endocrine system and reproduction of fish.We investigated the effects of different concentrations of 17α-MT(0,5,30,60,and 100 mg/kg)on ...17α-methyltestosterone(17α-MT)is an emerging pollutant,which is harmful to the endocrine system and reproduction of fish.We investigated the effects of different concentrations of 17α-MT(0,5,30,60,and 100 mg/kg)on endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)and apoptosis in the liver of Takifugu fasciatus.Results show that:(1)with the increase of 17α-MT treatment concentration,liver transaminases(alanine aminotransferase;aspartate aminotransferase)and the mRNA expression of ERS marker genes(glucose-regulated protein 78;calreticulin)of T.fasciatus were significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05);(2)the activity of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),Caspase3 and Caspase9 in the liver of T.fasciatus increased with the increase of 17α-MT concentration compared with the control group(P<0.05);(3)by using 4-phenylbutyricacid(4-PBA)inhibitors to stimulate ERS through in vitro experiments,the expression of ERS and apoptosis-related genes significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate of T.fasciatus hepatocytes was significantly inhibited(P<0.05)under 17α-MT treatment.This study confirmed that ERS played an important role in the induction of apoptosis in the hepatocytes of T.fasciatus,which enriched the ecotoxicological information of environmental androgens.展开更多
17α-methyltestosterone is used to induce the sex reversal of Tilapia sp. to obtain cultures mono-sex to an economically viable. This practice may lead to environmental contamination and problems in human health. Ther...17α-methyltestosterone is used to induce the sex reversal of Tilapia sp. to obtain cultures mono-sex to an economically viable. This practice may lead to environmental contamination and problems in human health. Therefore methods need to be developed to detect residues of 17α-methyltestosterone in aqueous matrices. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method using ultraviolet detection (245 nm) and testosterone as internal standard has been developed for the monitoring 17α-methyltestosterone in freshwater samples of tilapia aquaculture. The method described involves limited sample preparation as it includes a filtration followed by a single solid-phase extraction step using C18 cartridge. Validation data indicated that the HPLC-UV method for 17α-methyltestosterone determination in the concentration range of 50 - 2000 μg/L provided good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision. Method performance was efficiently applied to monitoring the freshwater samples of fish ponds and the surrounding aquatic channels.展开更多
This study was carried out to examine the effect of combining factors for immersion technique on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.).Three selected doses(1000,1,500,and 2000μg/L)of 17α-methyltestosteron...This study was carried out to examine the effect of combining factors for immersion technique on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.).Three selected doses(1000,1,500,and 2000μg/L)of 17α-methyltestosterone(17 MT)immersion,2 exposure times(3 and 6 h)once or twice a week,and interaction of these factors were tested.A total of 12 treatment combinations under 3×2×2 factorial experiments in randomized complete block design were conducted to compare with the negative control group(no 17 MT-treated)and positive control group(17 MT-treated feed administration).One hundred red tilapia larvae(14 days post-hatch)were randomly allocated in each treatment and were operated in a 10-L glass jar for 21 days.At the end of the treatment regime,the survival rate was determined.Then,fish were raised in a 150-L glass tank using normal commercial feed for 2 months and sex ratios were determined via the gonad squash technique.None of the immersion treatments tested resulted in a statistically significant(p>0.05)decrease in survival rate.All 17 MT-treated groups produced progenies with a significantly higher(p<0.001)proportion of males than the predicted 1:1 sex ratio.Influences of some factor combinations in the masculinization of red tilapia were observed.The male ratio was significantly affected by the dose-period and dose-frequency treatments(p<0.05).The highest male proportion(95.33%±0.58%)was recorded at 1000μg/L of 17 MT for 6 h once a week which was significantly higher(p<0.05)than other groups.The production cost of the best group was the cheapest(THB0.0066/fish)and decreased from the traditional procedure by about 10.81%.Therefore,this technique could be implemented for decreasing cost and operating process in commercial tilapia farms.展开更多
A well-known fact about mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)is that females grow faster than males.Mandarin fish that have all-female populations have economic advantages,but traditional neo-male fish are difficult to pro...A well-known fact about mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)is that females grow faster than males.Mandarin fish that have all-female populations have economic advantages,but traditional neo-male fish are difficult to produce.In this study,indirect feeding of 500 mg/kg 17α-methyltestosterone(MT)to XX mandarin fish(60 dpf,days post fertilization)with completely differentiated ovaries induced secondary sex reversal.At 40 days after MT treatment,14.7%of mandarin fish with complete reversal was produced,which showed for the first time that XX mandarin fishes with differentiated ovaries still have potentially bisexual germ cells and the plasticity of sex reversal.In the MT treatment group,there was no significant difference in survival compared to the control group.The body weight of the MT treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group 40 days after treatment(dat)(P<0.05).During MT treatment,serum 11-KT and T concentrations increased and serum E2 concentration decreased in the MT treatment group,but there was no significant difference in hormone levels between the MT treatment group and the control group.A masculinization of mandarin fish was also confirmed by the expression patterns of sex-specific genes sox9,dmrt1,cyp19a1a and foxl2.A significant amount of sox9 and dmrt1 was expressed in the fish gonads of the MT treatment group,whereas cyp19a1a and foxl2 were minimally expressed in the fish gonads.展开更多
文摘This study was conducted to determine the effective dose of 17α-methyltestosterone(MT)that produces all-male fry of black-chinned tilapia,Sarotherodon melanotheron.Five concentrations:0,30,60,90 and 120 mg 17α-methyltestosterone(17α-MT)per kilogram feed were prepared using the ethanol evaporation method,and administered orally to black-chinned tilapia fry for 28 days in triplicate aquarium glass tanks.After the treatment period,triplicates of 60 fry from each treatment were stocked in hapas and further cultured in freshwater ponds.They were fed with commercial fish feed ad libitum.The sex ratio,growth performance and survival were evaluated after 60 and 180 days.At the end of the 60-day period,the sex ratio of 30 fish from each treatment was determined by using the gonadal squash method.The remaining 30 fish from each treatment were grown further for 180 days and their sex ratio determined using the genital papillae.The results demonstrated that 17α-methyltestosterone was effective in producing phenotypic male in S.melanotheron.However,in both 60-day and 180-day experiments,no treatment gave 100%male population.The 90 mg/kg MT yielded the highest all-male fish of 84.13%,highest survival of 70%and highest final mean body weight of 103.99±7.92 g.
文摘Objective:To examine sex reversal both by oral and by immersion using 17α-methyltestosterone on the methyltestosterone residual concentration and the organ histopathology of tilapia fish.Methods:This study used oral and immersion treatment methods for sex reversal of tilapia fish and used normal fish as the control and each treatment was repeated 4 times.17α-methyltestosterone at dosages of 60 mg/kg feed and 0.5 mg/L were used for oral and immersion methods,respectively.In the first step,tilapia fry were reared at 100 L aquaria,with a density of 1 fish/L for 2 months.In the next step,male tilapias were reared at happa(net cage)of(2×1×1)m3 size in the controlled pond,with a density of 30 fish/happa for 3 months.The methyltestosterone residual concentrations were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range tests,while organ histopathology was analyzed by descriptive method.Results:Residual concentrations in the serum of methyltestosterone-treated fish were significantly lower than that in normal fish,especially in 4-and 5-month-old tilapias with averages of less than 5μg/L,while in normal fish was more than 5μg/L.In the flesh,methyltestosterone residual concentrations showed relatively no significant differences between the oral and immersion treatment groups and methyltestosterone-treated fish remained lower compared to normal fish,except in 5-month-old tilapia.Methyltestosterone-treated tilapia exhibited histopathological changes on gill,liver,kidneys,and intestine organs.Conclusions:Sex reversal either by oral or by immersion has methyltestosterone residual concentration,but does not exceed the limits(5μg/L or 5μg/kg)of synthetic steroid on the fish body,although methyltestosterone causes histopathological changes on gill,liver,kidneys,and intestine.
文摘Precocity in tilapia implies the use of several methods of obtaining monosex seed;the most common tends to use masculinizing hormone 17α-methyltestosterone(17αMT),with variable results.Thus the objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of the sexual reversion process using 17αMT,in a recirculation system and in biofloc.In a totally randomized design,three tanks for recirculation(T-RAS)and three tanks for biofloc(T-BIO)with a capacity of 200 L effective volume were taken and filled with 1,056 larvae of Oreochromis sp.,without reversing and with an initial weight of 0.02 g and an initial total length of 1.4 mm.The study was carried out during 65 d,the fish were fed(10%biomass,adjusted every 15 d)by a commercial diet at 45%of crude protein that included 17αMT(60 mg/kg).Water quality,microbiology,zootechnical and gonadal analysis were monitored.Consequently the water quality results showed that just dissolved oxygen(DO),temperature(T-°C)and alkalinity did not show significant differences.Additionally,in the productive parameters there were significant differences in the final length,the gain in length and in K which were better in T-BIO.The microbiological ones did not present significant differences between the treatments.Lastly,the percentage of reversion was significantly better in T-RAS.Then,this study suggests that settleable solids concentrations above 35 cm decrease the efficiency of the sexual reversion for this species.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.CX(22)2029)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32172948,31800436)+1 种基金the“JBGS”Project of Seed Industry Revitalization in Jiangsu Province(No.JBGS(2021)034)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX23_0616)。
文摘17α-methyltestosterone(17α-MT)is an emerging pollutant,which is harmful to the endocrine system and reproduction of fish.We investigated the effects of different concentrations of 17α-MT(0,5,30,60,and 100 mg/kg)on endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)and apoptosis in the liver of Takifugu fasciatus.Results show that:(1)with the increase of 17α-MT treatment concentration,liver transaminases(alanine aminotransferase;aspartate aminotransferase)and the mRNA expression of ERS marker genes(glucose-regulated protein 78;calreticulin)of T.fasciatus were significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05);(2)the activity of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),Caspase3 and Caspase9 in the liver of T.fasciatus increased with the increase of 17α-MT concentration compared with the control group(P<0.05);(3)by using 4-phenylbutyricacid(4-PBA)inhibitors to stimulate ERS through in vitro experiments,the expression of ERS and apoptosis-related genes significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the apoptosis rate of T.fasciatus hepatocytes was significantly inhibited(P<0.05)under 17α-MT treatment.This study confirmed that ERS played an important role in the induction of apoptosis in the hepatocytes of T.fasciatus,which enriched the ecotoxicological information of environmental androgens.
文摘17α-methyltestosterone is used to induce the sex reversal of Tilapia sp. to obtain cultures mono-sex to an economically viable. This practice may lead to environmental contamination and problems in human health. Therefore methods need to be developed to detect residues of 17α-methyltestosterone in aqueous matrices. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method using ultraviolet detection (245 nm) and testosterone as internal standard has been developed for the monitoring 17α-methyltestosterone in freshwater samples of tilapia aquaculture. The method described involves limited sample preparation as it includes a filtration followed by a single solid-phase extraction step using C18 cartridge. Validation data indicated that the HPLC-UV method for 17α-methyltestosterone determination in the concentration range of 50 - 2000 μg/L provided good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision. Method performance was efficiently applied to monitoring the freshwater samples of fish ponds and the surrounding aquatic channels.
文摘This study was carried out to examine the effect of combining factors for immersion technique on masculinization of red tilapia(Oreochromis spp.).Three selected doses(1000,1,500,and 2000μg/L)of 17α-methyltestosterone(17 MT)immersion,2 exposure times(3 and 6 h)once or twice a week,and interaction of these factors were tested.A total of 12 treatment combinations under 3×2×2 factorial experiments in randomized complete block design were conducted to compare with the negative control group(no 17 MT-treated)and positive control group(17 MT-treated feed administration).One hundred red tilapia larvae(14 days post-hatch)were randomly allocated in each treatment and were operated in a 10-L glass jar for 21 days.At the end of the treatment regime,the survival rate was determined.Then,fish were raised in a 150-L glass tank using normal commercial feed for 2 months and sex ratios were determined via the gonad squash technique.None of the immersion treatments tested resulted in a statistically significant(p>0.05)decrease in survival rate.All 17 MT-treated groups produced progenies with a significantly higher(p<0.001)proportion of males than the predicted 1:1 sex ratio.Influences of some factor combinations in the masculinization of red tilapia were observed.The male ratio was significantly affected by the dose-period and dose-frequency treatments(p<0.05).The highest male proportion(95.33%±0.58%)was recorded at 1000μg/L of 17 MT for 6 h once a week which was significantly higher(p<0.05)than other groups.The production cost of the best group was the cheapest(THB0.0066/fish)and decreased from the traditional procedure by about 10.81%.Therefore,this technique could be implemented for decreasing cost and operating process in commercial tilapia farms.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019B1515120072)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(201904020043)+1 种基金Seed Industry Development Project of Agricultural and Rural Department of Guangdong Province(2022)Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(311021006).
文摘A well-known fact about mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)is that females grow faster than males.Mandarin fish that have all-female populations have economic advantages,but traditional neo-male fish are difficult to produce.In this study,indirect feeding of 500 mg/kg 17α-methyltestosterone(MT)to XX mandarin fish(60 dpf,days post fertilization)with completely differentiated ovaries induced secondary sex reversal.At 40 days after MT treatment,14.7%of mandarin fish with complete reversal was produced,which showed for the first time that XX mandarin fishes with differentiated ovaries still have potentially bisexual germ cells and the plasticity of sex reversal.In the MT treatment group,there was no significant difference in survival compared to the control group.The body weight of the MT treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group 40 days after treatment(dat)(P<0.05).During MT treatment,serum 11-KT and T concentrations increased and serum E2 concentration decreased in the MT treatment group,but there was no significant difference in hormone levels between the MT treatment group and the control group.A masculinization of mandarin fish was also confirmed by the expression patterns of sex-specific genes sox9,dmrt1,cyp19a1a and foxl2.A significant amount of sox9 and dmrt1 was expressed in the fish gonads of the MT treatment group,whereas cyp19a1a and foxl2 were minimally expressed in the fish gonads.
