BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of pr...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat.However,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain unknown.AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to 2019.METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC.Numbers and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and 2019.Using joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in 2019.The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in 2019.However,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined.The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade(2010-2019)for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,North Africa,and the Middle East,as well as Central Europe,while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly(all P<0.05).The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females(all P<0.05).For those aged 50-74 years,the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend,except for 20 members,including 7 members in Central Asia,Maldives,and 12 high or high-middle social development index(SDI)members in other regions(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across“B and R”countries and threatens public health.Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in“B and R”countries via extensive collaboration.展开更多
Hot deformation behavior of as-cast Mn18Cr18 N austenitic stainless steel was studied in the temperature range of 950-1200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^（-1） using isothermal hot compression tests. The true ...Hot deformation behavior of as-cast Mn18Cr18 N austenitic stainless steel was studied in the temperature range of 950-1200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^（-1） using isothermal hot compression tests. The true stress-strain curves of the steel were characterized by hardening and subsequent softening and varied with temperatures and strain rates. The hot deformation activation energy of the steel was calculated to be 657.4 k J/mol, which was higher than that of the corresponding wrought steel due to its as-cast coarse columnar grains and heterogeneous structure. Hot processing maps were developed at different plastic strains, which exhibited two domains with peak power dissipation efficiencies at 1150 ℃/0.001 s^（-1） and 1200 ℃/1 s^（-1）, respectively. The corresponding microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD）. It has been confirmed that dynamic recrystallization（DRX） controlled by dislocation slipping and climbing mechanism occurs in the temperature and strain rate range of 1050-1200 ℃ and 0.001-0.01 s^（-1）; And DRX controlled by twinning mechanism occurs in the temperature and strain rate range of 1100-1200 ℃, 0.1-1 s^（-1）. These two DRX domains can serve as the hot working windows of the as-cast steel at lower strain rates and at higher strain rates, respectively. The processing maps at different strains also exhibit that the instability region decreases with increasing strain. The corresponding microstructures and the less tensile ductility in the instability region imply that the flow instability is attributed to flow localization accelerated by a few layers of very fine recrystallized grains along the original grain boundaries.展开更多
目的系统了解中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的发生现状,为变应性鼻炎的早期防治和干预提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、CBM、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库,获取有关中国1...目的系统了解中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的发生现状,为变应性鼻炎的早期防治和干预提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、CBM、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库,获取有关中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率的横断面研究,检索时限均为建库至2022年5月31日。根据美国卫生保健质量和研究机构推荐的评价标准评价文献的偏移风险后,采用Stata15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入47篇研究,包括243774例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎总患病率为17%(95%CI:15%~20%)。亚组分析结果显示,男性和女性患病率分别为18.0%和14.0%;0~6岁、7~12岁和13~18岁的患病率分别为18.0%、16.0%、23.0%;城市和农村患病率分别为16.0%、9.0%;华北、华东、华南、华中、西北、西南地区患病率分别为19.0%、17.0%、16.0%、21.0%、22.0%、25.0%;发表时间为2003—2007年、2008—2012年、2013—2017年、2018—2022年的患病率分别为9.0%、18.0%、14.0%、22.0%。结论中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率较高,不同性别、年龄段、地区、城乡区域以及文献发表年份之间的患病率存在差异,因此须重视18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的预防和干预工作,以降低变应性鼻炎的发生风险。展开更多
目的了解西安市3~18儿童维生素D[25(OH)VitD,简称VitD]的营养状况及影响因素。方法选择2015年7月到2017年2月期间的寒、暑假在西安交通大学第一附属医院儿保科做健康体检的533例3~18岁西安市儿童为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)...目的了解西安市3~18儿童维生素D[25(OH)VitD,简称VitD]的营养状况及影响因素。方法选择2015年7月到2017年2月期间的寒、暑假在西安交通大学第一附属医院儿保科做健康体检的533例3~18岁西安市儿童为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测其血清VitD水平,并分析季节和性别的影响;进一步按照被研究儿童所处学校的性质,将其分为幼儿园组,小学组和中学组,比较三组儿童VitD的营养状况。结果儿童血清VitD水平为24.94±1.03ng/mL,VitD缺乏和不足的检出率分别为34.71%(185/533)和34.15%(182/533)。寒假与暑假儿童VitD水平(21.20±11.01ng/mL vs 27.71±8.68ng/mL,t=7.62,P<0.001)及不同VitD水平的检出率差异均有统计学意义(57.71%vs 17.64%,χ~2=93.13,P<0.001)。男童与女童VitD水平(25.06±10.67ng/mL vs 24.72±9.52ng/mL,t=0.38,P>0.05)及VitD缺乏检出率(35.03%vs 34.17%,χ~2=0.04,P>0.05)差异均无统计学意义。幼儿园组、小学组和中学组VitD水平分别为31.93±10.02ng/mL、22.33±8.34ng/mL和19.45±7.27ng/mL(各组间比较t值分别为10.56、10.49和2.19,均P<0.05),且三组儿童不同水平VitD的检出率差异存在统计学意义(χ~2=125.82,P<0.05)。结论西安市3~18岁儿童VitD缺乏率较高,尤其是中、小学阶段的儿童更为突出,医务人员应重视对该部分儿童VitD营养的保健指导。展开更多
To explain the presence and spatial distribution of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)in the Aquifer of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City(AMAMC),a hydrogeochemical and isotopic analysis using^(13)C DIC(as well as the stable is...To explain the presence and spatial distribution of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)in the Aquifer of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City(AMAMC),a hydrogeochemical and isotopic analysis using^(13)C DIC(as well as the stable isotopes^(18)O and^(2)H)in groundwater was conducted.This aquifer is located in an old closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin;some wells hosted in the semi-confined zone contain high N-NH_(3)concentrations,while others present NO_(3)^(−)contents in the recharge zones(hosted in an oxidizing environment).In this study,a change in the isotopic signature(primarily in^(18)O and^(2)H)was observed from the recharge zones to the basin center in some of the wells with high NO_(3)^(−)concentrations,this behavior can be attributed to evaporation during the incorporation of recently infiltrated water.In addition,the results for^(13)C(along with ^(2) H)in wells with the highest N-NH_(3)concentrations exhibited an atypically broad range of values.Results indicated the occurrence of hydrogeochemical and/or biochemical processes in the aquifer(in an oxidizing or reducing environment),such as organic degradation,bacterial decomposition(primarily in the ancient Lake Texcoco and which acts as a natural sink for carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus),besides rock weathering and dissolution,which may be responsible for a very marked isotopic modification of the^(13)C(and,to a lesser extent,2 H).Methanotrophic bacterial activity and methanogenic activity may be related to N-NH_(3)removal processes by oxidation and residual water incorporation respectively,whereas the increase in the NO_(3)^(−)content in some wells is due to the recent contribution of poor-quality water due to contamination.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260532,and No.32060208.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)plays a significant role in morbidity,mortality,and economic cost in the Belt and Road Initiative(“B and R”)countries.In addition,these countries have a substantial consumption of processed meat.However,the burden and trend of CRC in relation to the consumption of a diet high in processed meat(DHPM-CRC)in these“B and R”countries remain unknown.AIM To analyze the burden and trend of DHPM-CRC in the“B and R”countries from 1990 to 2019.METHODS We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study to collate information regarding the burden of DHPM-CRC.Numbers and age-standardized rates(ASRs)of deaths along with the disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)were determined among the“B and R”countries in 1990 and 2019.Using joinpoint regression analysis,the average annual percent change(AAPC)was used to analyze the temporal trends of age-standardized DALYs rate(ASDALR)from 1990 to 2019 and in the final decade(2010–2019).RESULTS We found geographical differences in the burden of DHPM-CRC among“B and R”countries,with the three highest-ranking countries being the Russian Federation,China,and Ukraine in 1990,and China,the Russian Federation,and Poland in 2019.The burden of DHPM-CRC generally increased in most member countries from 1990 to 2019(all P<0.05).The absolute number of deaths and DALYs in DHPM-CRC were 3151.15[95%uncertainty interval(UI)665.74-5696.64]and 83249.31(95%UI 15628.64-151956.31)in China in 2019.However,the number of deaths(2627.57-2528.51)and DALYs(65867.39-55378.65)for DHPM-CRC in the Russian Federation has declined.The fastest increase in ASDALR for DHPM-CRC was observed in Vietnam,Southeast Asia,with an AAPC value of 3.90%[95%confidence interval(CI):3.63%-4.16%],whereas the fastest decline was observed in Kyrgyzstan,Central Asia,with an AAPC value of-2.05%(95%CI:-2.37%to-1.73%).A substantial upward trend in ASR of mortality,years lived with disability,years of life lost,and DALYs from DHPM-CRC changes in 1990-2019 and the final decade(2010-2019)for most Maritime Silk Route members in East Asia,South Asia,Southeast Asia,North Africa,and the Middle East,as well as Central Europe,while those of the most Land Silk Route members in Central Asia and Eastern Europe have decreased markedly(all P<0.05).The ASDALR for DHPM-CRC increased more in males than in females(all P<0.05).For those aged 50-74 years,the ASDALR for DHPM-CRC in 40 members exhibited an increasing trend,except for 20 members,including 7 members in Central Asia,Maldives,and 12 high or high-middle social development index(SDI)members in other regions(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The burden of DHPM-CRC varies substantially across“B and R”countries and threatens public health.Relevant evidence-based policies and interventions tailored to the different trends of countries in SDIs or Silk Routes should be adopted to reduce the future burden of CRC in“B and R”countries via extensive collaboration.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51575372)
文摘Hot deformation behavior of as-cast Mn18Cr18 N austenitic stainless steel was studied in the temperature range of 950-1200 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.001-1 s^（-1） using isothermal hot compression tests. The true stress-strain curves of the steel were characterized by hardening and subsequent softening and varied with temperatures and strain rates. The hot deformation activation energy of the steel was calculated to be 657.4 k J/mol, which was higher than that of the corresponding wrought steel due to its as-cast coarse columnar grains and heterogeneous structure. Hot processing maps were developed at different plastic strains, which exhibited two domains with peak power dissipation efficiencies at 1150 ℃/0.001 s^（-1） and 1200 ℃/1 s^（-1）, respectively. The corresponding microstructures were analyzed by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD）. It has been confirmed that dynamic recrystallization（DRX） controlled by dislocation slipping and climbing mechanism occurs in the temperature and strain rate range of 1050-1200 ℃ and 0.001-0.01 s^（-1）; And DRX controlled by twinning mechanism occurs in the temperature and strain rate range of 1100-1200 ℃, 0.1-1 s^（-1）. These two DRX domains can serve as the hot working windows of the as-cast steel at lower strain rates and at higher strain rates, respectively. The processing maps at different strains also exhibit that the instability region decreases with increasing strain. The corresponding microstructures and the less tensile ductility in the instability region imply that the flow instability is attributed to flow localization accelerated by a few layers of very fine recrystallized grains along the original grain boundaries.
文摘目的系统了解中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的发生现状,为变应性鼻炎的早期防治和干预提供参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、CBM、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase数据库,获取有关中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率的横断面研究,检索时限均为建库至2022年5月31日。根据美国卫生保健质量和研究机构推荐的评价标准评价文献的偏移风险后,采用Stata15.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入47篇研究,包括243774例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎总患病率为17%(95%CI:15%~20%)。亚组分析结果显示,男性和女性患病率分别为18.0%和14.0%;0~6岁、7~12岁和13~18岁的患病率分别为18.0%、16.0%、23.0%;城市和农村患病率分别为16.0%、9.0%;华北、华东、华南、华中、西北、西南地区患病率分别为19.0%、17.0%、16.0%、21.0%、22.0%、25.0%;发表时间为2003—2007年、2008—2012年、2013—2017年、2018—2022年的患病率分别为9.0%、18.0%、14.0%、22.0%。结论中国18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎患病率较高,不同性别、年龄段、地区、城乡区域以及文献发表年份之间的患病率存在差异,因此须重视18岁以下人群变应性鼻炎的预防和干预工作,以降低变应性鼻炎的发生风险。
文摘目的了解西安市3~18儿童维生素D[25(OH)VitD,简称VitD]的营养状况及影响因素。方法选择2015年7月到2017年2月期间的寒、暑假在西安交通大学第一附属医院儿保科做健康体检的533例3~18岁西安市儿童为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测其血清VitD水平,并分析季节和性别的影响;进一步按照被研究儿童所处学校的性质,将其分为幼儿园组,小学组和中学组,比较三组儿童VitD的营养状况。结果儿童血清VitD水平为24.94±1.03ng/mL,VitD缺乏和不足的检出率分别为34.71%(185/533)和34.15%(182/533)。寒假与暑假儿童VitD水平(21.20±11.01ng/mL vs 27.71±8.68ng/mL,t=7.62,P<0.001)及不同VitD水平的检出率差异均有统计学意义(57.71%vs 17.64%,χ~2=93.13,P<0.001)。男童与女童VitD水平(25.06±10.67ng/mL vs 24.72±9.52ng/mL,t=0.38,P>0.05)及VitD缺乏检出率(35.03%vs 34.17%,χ~2=0.04,P>0.05)差异均无统计学意义。幼儿园组、小学组和中学组VitD水平分别为31.93±10.02ng/mL、22.33±8.34ng/mL和19.45±7.27ng/mL(各组间比较t值分别为10.56、10.49和2.19,均P<0.05),且三组儿童不同水平VitD的检出率差异存在统计学意义(χ~2=125.82,P<0.05)。结论西安市3~18岁儿童VitD缺乏率较高,尤其是中、小学阶段的儿童更为突出,医务人员应重视对该部分儿童VitD营养的保健指导。
基金support granted to carry out the research,and for the funding,Dr.Graciela Herrera Zamarron,responsible for the project with Contract number 0266-1O-ED-F-DGAT-UNAM-2-19-1928.
文摘To explain the presence and spatial distribution of NO_(3)^(−)and N-NH_(3)in the Aquifer of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City(AMAMC),a hydrogeochemical and isotopic analysis using^(13)C DIC(as well as the stable isotopes^(18)O and^(2)H)in groundwater was conducted.This aquifer is located in an old closed lacustrine volcano-sedimentary basin;some wells hosted in the semi-confined zone contain high N-NH_(3)concentrations,while others present NO_(3)^(−)contents in the recharge zones(hosted in an oxidizing environment).In this study,a change in the isotopic signature(primarily in^(18)O and^(2)H)was observed from the recharge zones to the basin center in some of the wells with high NO_(3)^(−)concentrations,this behavior can be attributed to evaporation during the incorporation of recently infiltrated water.In addition,the results for^(13)C(along with ^(2) H)in wells with the highest N-NH_(3)concentrations exhibited an atypically broad range of values.Results indicated the occurrence of hydrogeochemical and/or biochemical processes in the aquifer(in an oxidizing or reducing environment),such as organic degradation,bacterial decomposition(primarily in the ancient Lake Texcoco and which acts as a natural sink for carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus),besides rock weathering and dissolution,which may be responsible for a very marked isotopic modification of the^(13)C(and,to a lesser extent,2 H).Methanotrophic bacterial activity and methanogenic activity may be related to N-NH_(3)removal processes by oxidation and residual water incorporation respectively,whereas the increase in the NO_(3)^(−)content in some wells is due to the recent contribution of poor-quality water due to contamination.
