Procyanidin A_1 and its digestive products alleviate acrylamide-induced IPEC-J2 cell damage through regulating Keap1/Nrf2 pathway

Our previous study has revealed that procyanidin A_(1)(A_(1))and its simulated digestive product(D-A,)can alleviate acrylamide(ACR)-induced intestine cell damage.However,the underlying mechanism remains unknown.In this study,we elucidated the molecular mechanism for and D-A_(1) to alleviate ACR-stimulated IPEC-J2 cell damage.ACR slightly activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling and its target genes,but this activation could not reduce intestine cell damage.A_(1) and D-A_(1) could alleviate ACR-induced cell damage,but the effect was abrogated in cells transiently transfected with Nrf2 small interfering RNA(siRNA).Further investigation confirmed that A_(1) and D-A_(1) interacted with Ketch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keapl),which boosted the stabilization of Nrf2,subsequently promoted the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus,and further increased the expression of antioxidant proteins,thereby inhibiting glutathione(GSH)consumption,maintaining redox balance and eventually alleviating ACR-induced cell damage.Importantly,there was no difference between A_(1) and D-A_(1) treated groups,indicating that A_(1) can tolerate gastrointestinal digestion and may be a potential compound to limit the toxicity of ACR.

Increased plasma galectin-1 correlates with advanced glycation end products and interleukin-1β in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Dear Editor,Galectin-1, one of galactoside-binding lectin family proteins, has been shown to regulate cell growth, migration, and proliferation, where it binds many receptors depending on their glycosylation profile, rather than its specific receptors.

Asymmetric orbital hybridization in Zn-doped antiperovskite Cu_(1-x)Zn_(x)NMn_(3)enables highly efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen production

Rational design of efficient and robust earth-abundant alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts is a key factor for developing energy conversion technologies.Currently,antiperovskite nitride CuNMn_(3)has garnered significant interest due to its remarkable properties such as negative/zero thermal expansion and magnetocaloric effects.However,when utilized as hydrogen evolution catalysts,it encounters large challenge resulting from excessively strong/weak interactions with adsorbed H on Mn/Cu active sites,which leads to low HER activity.In this study,we introduce an asymmetric orbital hybridization strategy in Zn-doped Cu_(1-x)Zn_(x)NMn_(3)by leveraging the localization of Zn electronic states to reconfigure the electronic structures of Cu and Mn,thereby reducing the energy barrier for water dissociation and optimizing Cu and Mn active sites for hydrogen adsorption and H_(2)production.Electrochemical evaluations reveal that Cu_(0.85)Zn_(0.15)NMn_(3)with x=0.15 demonstrates exceptional electrocatalytic activity in alkaline electrolytes.A low overpotential of 52 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)and outstanding stability over a 150-h test period are achieved,surpassing commercial Pt/C.This research offers a novel strategy for enhancing HER performance by modulating asymmetric hybridization of electron orbitals between multiple metal atoms within a material structure.

Current Status of Natural Products from Plants as Anti-herpes Simplex Virus 1 Agents

Nucleoside analogues have been the mainstay of clinical treatment of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections since their development. However, the emergence of drug resistant strains has underlined the urgency of the discovery of novel anti-HSV-1 drugs. Natural products, which provided many novel drug leads, are known to be an important source of anti-HSV-1 agents. Herein, we present an overview of natural products with anti-HSV-1 activities isolated from a variety of plants reported in recent years. Several different compounds, mainly belonging to the three groups of polysaccharides, polyphenols and terpenes, showed antiviral effects against HSV-1, indicating their potential to be promising anti-HSV-1 agents.

Profilin-1 is involved in macroangiopathy induced by advanced glycation end products via vascular remodeling and inflammation

BACKGROUND The accumulation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)have been implicated in the development and progression of diabetic vasculopathy.However,the role of profilin-1 as a multifunctional actin-binding protein in AGEs-induced atherosclerosis(AS)is largely unknown.AIM To explore the potential role of profilin-1 in the pathogenesis of AS induced by AGEs,particularly in relation to the Janus kinase 2(JAK2)and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.METHODS Eighty-nine individuals undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in the study.Plasma cytokine levels were detected using ELISA kits.Rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells(RASMCs)were incubated with different compounds for different times.Cell proliferation was determined by performing the MTT assay and EdU staining.An AGEs-induced vascular remodeling model was established in rats and histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed.The mRNA and protein levels were detected using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis,respectively.In vivo,shRNA transfection was performed to verify the role of profilin-1 in AGEs-induced proatherogenic mediator release and aortic remodeling.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 software.RESULTS Compared with the control group,plasma levels of profilin-1 and receptor for AGEs(RAGE)were significantly increased in patients with coronary artery disease,especially in those complicated with diabetes mellitus(P<0.01).The levels of profilin-1 were positively correlated with the levels of RAGE(P<0.01);additionally,the levels of both molecules were positively associated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis(P<0.01).In vivo,tail vein injections of AGEs induced the release of proatherogenic mediators,such as asymmetric dimethylarginine,intercellular adhesion molecule-1,and the N-terminus of procollagen III peptide,concomitant with apparent aortic morphological changes and significantly upregulated expression of the profilin-1 mRNA and protein in the thoracic aorta(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Downregulation of profilin-1 expression with an shRNA significantly attenuated AGEs-induced proatherogenic mediator release(P<0.05)and aortic remodeling.In vitro,incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)with AGEs significantly promoted cell proliferation and upregulated the expression of the profilin-1 mRNA and protein(P<0.05).AGEs(200μg/mL,24 h)significantly upregulated the expression of the STAT3 mRNA and protein and JAK2 protein,which was blocked by a JAK2 inhibitor(T3042-1)and/or STAT3 inhibitor(T6308-1)(P<0.05).In addition,pretreatment with T3042-1 or T6308-1 significantly inhibited AGEs-induced RASMC proliferation(P<0.05).CONCLUSION AGEs induce proatherogenic events such as VSMC proliferation,proatherogenic mediator release,and vascular remodeling,changes that can be attenuated by silencing profilin-1 expression.These results suggest a crucial role for profilin-1 in AGEs-induced vasculopathy.

Aflatoxin M1 Contamination of Milk and Its Products in Bomet County, Kenya

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major carcinogenic compound that may be found in milk and dairy products resulting from ingestion of aflatoxin B1 by dairy animals. The study aimed at determining the level of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products from Bomet County. A total of 185 samples (150 raw milk and 35 processed milk and milk products) were randomly collected from milk collection sites and randomly selected milk kiosks respectively. The AFM1 was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit (Ridascreen, aflatoxin M1 R-Biopharm, Product code, R5812, Darmstadt, Germany). Out of 185 samples investigated, 156 samples were positive for AFM1, an overall contamination rate of 84.32%. The samples with levels higher than the tolerance limit of 0.05 μg/l recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) limits were 43.8% mainly contributed by the raw milk compared to processed milk (52.0% versus 8.6%). Processed milk had insignificant level of contamination with aflatoxin M1 (Median 0.00 (IQR: 0.00, 0.00 μg/l) with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 0.69 μg/l. Raw milk showed significant contamination, median 0.09 (IQR: 0.00, 0.50) μg/l with a minimum of 0.00 μg/l and a maximum of 2.93 μg/l. Although there was no significant differences in AFM1 levels with study sites (P = 0.217);the median levels of aflatoxin M1 was high in sites 1, 3, and 7. The sites that had median aflatoxin M1 levels below the WHO/FAO acceptable limits of 0.05 μg/l were sites 2, 4 and 6. Due to high incidence of AFM1 contamination of milk and milk samples in Bomet County, there is need for regular monitoring and regulation of AFM1 contamination in milk and its products in the County.

Rosiglitazone inhibits expression of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 in THP-1 macrophages induced by advanced glycation end-products

Objective： To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone, a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma （PPARγ）, on the expression of acyl-coenzyme A： cholesterol acyltransferase-1 （ACAT-1） in phorbol myristate acetate （PMA）-pretreated THP-1 cells after the inducement of advanced glycation end products （AGEs）. Methods： After THP-1 cells were cultured in the presence of 0.1 μmol/L PMA for 72 h to induce phagocytic differentiation, the obtained THP-1 macrophages were treated with rosiglitazone for 4 h at different concentrations （1, 5 or 10 μmol/L） and then exposed to AGEs-modified bovine serum albumin （AGEs-BSA） for 24 h at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of ACAT-1 respectively. Results： Administration of AGEs-BSA （200 mg/L） into the THP-1 macrophages resulted in up-regulation of ACAT-1 at mRNA and protein levels when compared with the expressions in macrophages incubated with serum-free RPMI1640. Pretreatment of rosiglitazone inhibited significantly the increased expression of ACAT-1 induced by AGEs-BSA in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion： PPARy activation by rosiglitazone down-regulates ACAT-1 expression induced by AGEs in THP-1 macrophages, which might provide a new way for treating atherogenesis in diabetic patients.

NATURAL PRODUCTS SYNTHESIS BY RETRO-DIELS-ALDER REACTION Ⅱ~1 ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF (+) AND (-) 5-OXO-ENDO-TRICYCLO [5.2.1.0.^(2, 6)] DECA-3, 8-DIENE 1 BY ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTION

Asymmetric syntheses of both enantiomerically pure (+) and (-) 5-oxo-endo-tricyclo [5.2.1.0.^(2,6)] deca-3, 8-diene 1 was described. The key step is the use of enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of meso-diacetate 5.

Improving the activity of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) to C_(1) products by oxidation derived copper catalyst

Cu-based electrocatalysts have become the focus in the field of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(ECO_(2) RR)due to their ability to produce multicarbon products.However,the research on generating single carbon products with higher economic feasibility via ECO_(2) RR based on Cu-based electrocatalysts is rather rare,and the roles of the surface architecture and oxides of the electrocatalysts have not been explained exactly.In this work,a two-step method including thermal oxidation and electroreduction is proposed to introduce Cuþinto pure Cu foil to form Cu_(2)O/Cu electrocatalyst.By regulating the surface composition and morphology of the electrocatalyst in this way,the activity of ECO 2 RR to C_(1) products has been greatly improved.The Faradaic efficiency of carbon products of the Cu_(2)O/Cu electrode reaches 84%at?0.7 V vs.RHE with good selectivity for HCOOH and CO.The current density of Cu_(2)O/Cu electrode reaches-12.21 mA cm^(2) at-0.8 V vs.RHE,which is much higher than that of the Cu foil electrode(?0.09 mA cm?2).In-situ Raman characterization shows that Cuþin Cu_(2)O/Cu electrode could inhibit hydrogen generation and promote ECO_(2) RR by stabilizing the adsorption of CO_(2).

Identification of SNPs in Bovine SLC27A1 Gene and Its Effects on Milk Production Traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle

[Objective] This study discussed the SNPs of SLC27A1 gene and its relationship with milk production traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle in order to find the SNP site which had significant effect on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle.[Method] DNA was extracted from the bleed of 48 Chinese Holstein Cattle selected according to phenotypic character and mixed into DNA pool for SNPs detection by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism（PCR-SSCP）and cloning sequencing.Then different genotypes were detected in other 231 Chinese Holstein Cattle by PCR-RFLP.The association between genotype and production traits was assessed by GLM procedure,SAS version 8.02.[Result] There were T112C in exon3 and G64A loci in 3＇UTR,among them the T112C in exon3 was synonymous mutation.There were 3 genotypes TT,TC and CC in T112C locus and 3 genotypes GG,GA and AA in G64A locus.The population was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibration.Cows with genotype CC had significantly highest milk yield than those with genotype TC（P0.01）,and there were no significant differences among the 3 genotypes on milk protein percent and milk fat percent（P0.05）,but the tendency of CC TC TT on milk protein percent and the tendency of TT TC CC on milk fat percent were showed.There was no significant difference among the 3 genotypes of G64A loci on milk yield,milk protein percent and milk fat percent（P0.05）,but the tendency of GA GG AA on milk yield and the tendency of AA GG GA both on milk protein percent and milk fat percent were showed.[Conclusion] There was certain relation between the T112C locus and milk yield traits;It may improve milk yield to raise the frequency of genotype CC;SLC27A1 gene could be a useful candidate gene in selection program on milk yield traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle,which provided a theoretical basis for the marker-assisted breeding and further study of SLC27A1 gene.

“1+X”证书制度下新型活页式教材开发研究

“1+X”证书制度与活页式教材是我国职业教育的重点建设方向。“1+X”证书制度下的新型活页式教材同时服务于学历教育和职业教育,是职业院校当前开展教学的重要手段和载体。在调查高职园艺技术专业蔬菜生产技术课程教材开发现状的基础上,探讨了新型活页式教材的开发策略,对于实践“1+X”证书制度试点工作和“三教”改革,培养复合型的园艺技术技能人才有着积极作用。

龙燕1号燕麦新品种的选育

为了选育高产、优质、适应东北三省及内蒙古地区种植的燕麦新品种,试验于2015年采用母本边锋和父本牧乐思进行种间杂交,并通过系统衍生法进行选育,对选育得到的燕麦新品种进行品种比较试验、区域试验及生产试验。结果表明:经选育得到龙燕1号燕麦,其2019—2020年两年平均干草产量及种子产量分别为15 100.0 kg/hm^(2)、4 760.3 kg/hm^(2),较对照牧乐思、白燕7号分别增产16.84%、11.71%和14.96%、11.11%,差异显著(P<0.05);两年(2022,2023年)多点(齐齐哈尔市、哈尔滨市、双鸭山市、绥化市)的平均干草产量龙燕1号最高,达9 857.14 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照青海444、青引2号增产18.11%、45.30%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在4个试验区哈尔滨市、兰西县、杜蒙县、肇东市的两年平均干草产量分别达到11 812.73 kg/hm^(2)、9 602.57 kg/hm^(2)、12 263.64 kg/hm^(2)和11 961.97 kg/hm^(2),比对照白燕7号分别增产11.57%、11.92%、12.60%、11.24%。说明饲用燕麦新品种龙燕1号燕麦相较亲本具有更好的生产性能,在东北三省均可种植。

Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Products for Earth System Science Applications

Following the progress of satellite data assimilation in the 1990s, the combination of meteorological satellites and numerical models has changed the way scientists understand the earth. With the evolution of numerical weather prediction models and earth system models, meteorological satellites will play a more important role in earth sciences in the future. As part of the space-based infrastructure, the Fengyun (FY) meteorological satellites have contributed to earth science sustainability studies through an open data policy and stable data quality since the first launch of the FY-1A satellite in 1988. The capability of earth system monitoring was greatly enhanced after the second-generation polar orbiting FY-3 satellites and geostationary orbiting FY-4 satellites were developed. Meanwhile, the quality of the products generated from the FY-3 and FY-4 satellites is comparable to the well-known MODIS products. FY satellite data has been utilized broadly in weather forecasting, climate and climate change investigations, environmental disaster monitoring, etc. This article reviews the instruments mounted on the FY satellites. Sensor-dependent level 1 products (radiance data) and inversion algorithm-dependent level 2 products (geophysical parameters) are introduced. As an example, some typical geophysical parameters, such as wildfires, lightning, vegetation indices, aerosol products, soil moisture, and precipitation estimation have been demonstrated and validated by in-situ observations and other well-known satellite products. To help users access the FY products, a set of data sharing systems has been developed and operated. The newly developed data sharing system based on cloud technology has been illustrated to improve the efficiency of data delivery.

1-Butene isomerization and metathesis over Mo/mordenite-alumina: Factors influencing product distribution and induction period

Effects of space velocity, reaction temperature and support acidity on product distribution and induction period in 1-butene isomerization and metathesis over Mo/mordenite-alumina were investigated. As revealed by the catalytic performance results, induction period and objective product were closely related to the reaction conditions. Lower space velocity led to longer induction period and higher propene yield. The optimal reaction temperature for propene production is around 150 ~C and it shifted to 100 ~C for ethene production. 1-Butene auto-metathesis predominated in the reaction network if the support with lower degree of sodium exchanged. And propene gradually became the dominant product upon increasing the support sodium exchange degree. 6Mo/H100Na0M-30A1 catalyst with a support of full sodium exchange degree exhibited the highest propene yield.

施氮对龙燕1号燕麦种子产量和产量组分的影响

对龙燕1号燕麦(Avena sativa cv.Longyan No.1)进行不同施氮(以下简称施N)处理,探讨不同施N对其种子产量和产量性状的影响。结果表明,龙燕1号燕麦在施N量60 kg/hm^(2)时株高最高、主穗籽粒数最多、主穗穗粒最重、千粒重最重、轮层数最多,在施N量90 kg/hm^(2)下穗长最长、主穗小穗数最多。龙燕1号燕麦在施N量60 kg/hm2处理下种子产量达到最高,为4760.2 kg/hm^(2),其种子产量与施N量间的数量关系符合y=-0.0499x^(2)+8.3261x+4403(R^(2)=0.965)。株高和千粒重对种子产量的增加直接作用效应最大。因此,在哈尔滨地区燕麦种子生产中,施N量为60 kg/hm^(2),种子产量最高且经济有效。

“1+X”证书制度下新型活页式教材开发研究

“1+X”证书制度与活页式教材是我国职业教育的重点建设方向。基于“1+X”证书制度下的新型活页式教材同时服务于学历教育和职业技能教育,是职业院校当前开展教学的重要手段和载体。本文在调查高职园艺技术专业《蔬菜生产技术》教材开发现状的基础上,探讨了新型活页式教材的开发策略,对实践“1+X”证书制度试点工作和“三教”改革,培养复合型的园艺技术技能人才有着积极作用。

电针对肝郁脾虚型抑郁症大鼠HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4通路及小胶质细胞活化的影响

目的:探究电针对肝郁脾虚型抑郁症大鼠高迁移率族蛋白盒1/晚期糖基化终产物/toll样受体4(HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4)通路及小胶质细胞活化的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、电针组及HMGB1激活剂组,除对照组外均构建肝郁脾虚型抑郁症大鼠模型。观测大鼠体重及行为学表现;采用HE染色法观察大鼠海马组织病理变化;采用免疫组化检测大鼠海马组织中钙接头蛋白1(Iba-1)、一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达情况;采用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blotting)检测海马组织中HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4信号传导通路相关蛋白HMGB1、RAGE、TLR4的表达水平。结果:相较于对照组,模型组大鼠长期动作行为缓慢、脱毛、毛发粗糙、凌乱无光泽,排泄存在水样便,大鼠海马区神经细胞出现明显结构损伤,且大鼠体重及在旷场箱内运动的总路程减少(P<0.05),而在旷箱中央停留时间、休息时间以及海马组织中Iba-1、iNOS、HMGB1、RAGE和TLR4表达升高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相较于模型组,电针组大鼠精神状态有所好转,海马区神经细胞损伤程度减轻,细胞形态良好且排列逐渐趋于有序,大鼠体重、在旷场箱内运动总路程提高,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:电针能够抑制肝郁脾虚型抑郁症大鼠小胶质细胞活化,其作用机制可能与抑制HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4通路有关。

ZnxCd1–xS quantum dot with enhanced photocatalytic H2-production performance

H2 is an important energy carrier for replacing fossil fuel in the future due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness.As a sustainable H2-generation method,photocatalytic H2 production by water splitting has attracted much interest.Here,oil-soluble ZnxCd1-xS quantum dot(ZCS QD)with a uniform particle size distribution were prepared by a hot-injection method.However,no photocatalytic H2-production activity was observed for the oil-soluble ZCS QD due to its hydrophobicity.Thus,the oil-soluble ZCS QD was converted into a water-soluble ZCS QD by a ligand-exchange method.The water-soluble ZCS QD exhibited excellent photocatalytic H2-production performance in the presence of glycerin and Ni^2+,with an apparent quantum efficiency of 15.9%under irradiation of 420 nm light.Further,the photocatalytic H2-generation activity of the ZCS QD was~10.7 times higher than that of the ZnxCd1-xS relative samples prepared by the conventional co-precipitation method.This work will inspire the design and fabrication of other semiconductor QD photocatalysts because QD exhibits excellent separation efficiency for photogenerated electron-hole pairs due to its small crystallite size.