An Implicit Coupled 1D/2D Model for Unsteady Subcritical Flow in Channel Networks and Embayment

In this study, 1D and 2D shallow-water models were coupled to simulate unsteady flow in channel networks and embayment. The 1D model solved the 1D shallow-water equations (St. Venant) using the Preissmann box method and targeted long narrow reaches of the river networks, while the 2D model targeted broad channels and embayment and solved the 2D shallow-water equations using a semi-implicit scheme applied to an unstructured grid of triangular cells. The 1D and 2D models were solved simultaneously by building a matrix for the free surface elevation at every 1D junction and 2D cell center. Velocities were then computed explicitly based on the results at the previous time step and the updated water level. The originality of the scheme arose from a novel coupling method. The results showed that the coupled 1D/2D model produced identical results as the full 2D model in classical to benchmark problems with considerable savings in computational effort. Application of the model to the Pearl River Estuary in southern China showed that complex patterns of tidal wave propagation could be efficiently modeled.

Mathematical model for flood routing in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake network

The main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and the river network in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system. This paper develops a one-dimensional （l-D） mathematical model for flood routing in the river network Of the Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake using the explicit finite volume method. Based on observed data during the flood periods in 1996 and 1998, the model was calibrated and validated, and the results show that the model is effective and has high accuracy. In addition, the one-dimensional mathematical model for the river network and the horizontal two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model for the Jingjiang flood diversion area were coupled to simulate the flood process in the Jingjiang River, Dongting Lake, and the Jingjiang flood diversion area. The calculated results of the coupled model are consistent with the practical processes. Meanwhile, the results show that the flood diversion has significant effects on the decrease of the peak water level at the Shashi and Chenjiawan hydrological stations near the flood diversion gates, and the effect is more obvious in the downstream than in the upstream.

Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Functioning of the Cavally River Using a Coupled 1D-2D Model in the Ity Area (Zouan-Hounien in Côte d’Ivoire)

In recent years, the Cavally River has been subject to multiple activities, including the construction of diversion channels and a bridge that makes it vulnerable to flooding. In order to assess the impact of these hydraulic structures on the river hydrodynamic functioning, a 1D-2D model was realized. The implementation of the 1D-2D model consisted of first running the 1D model, then the 2D model, and finally in coupling them. The 1D-2D model was designed with the 1988 flood hydrograph, a Manning’s coefficient of 0.052 m1/3/s for the minor bed and 0.06 m1/3/s for the major bed. The results of the hydraulic model show that the velocities are almost identical to those of the Cavally in natural operation. The values of the velocities are included between 0.4 m/s and 1.3 m/s at the level of the minor bed of the river and between 0.06 m/s and 0.71 m/s at the level of the floodplains. The average water level for flood propagation is 262.37 ± 0.44 m before construction of the structures and 262.23 ± 0.85 m after construction of the structures. The 0.41 m reduction in water level due to the diversion canal and bridge is negligible compared to the total fluctuations of the Cavally River, which vary from 6 to 7 m over the year.

Integrating 1D and 2D hydrodynamic,sediment transport model for dam-break flow using finite volume method

The purpose of this study is to set up a dynamically linked 1D and 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport models for dam break flow.The 1D-2D coupling model solves the generalized shallow water equations,the non-equilibrium sediment transport and bed change equations in a coupled fashion using an explicit finite volume method.It considers interactions among transient flow,strong sediment transport and rapid bed change by including bed change and variable flow density in the flow continuity and momentum equations.An unstructured Quadtree rectangular grid with local refinement is used in the 2D model.The intercell flux is computed by the HLL approximate Riemann solver with shock captured capability for computing the dry-to-wet interface for all models.The effects of pressure and gravity are included in source term in this coupling model which can simplify the computation and eliminate numerical imbalance between source and flux terms.The developed model has been tested against experimental and real-life case of dam-break flow over fix bed and movable bed.The results are compared with analytical solution and measured data with good agreement.The simulation results demonstrate that the coupling model is capable of calculating the flow,erosion and deposition for dam break flows in complicated natural domains.

Applying Deep Learning Models to Mouse Behavior Recognition

In many animal-related studies, a high-performance animal behavior recognition system can help researchers reduce or get rid of the limitation of human assessments and make the experiments easier to reproduce. Recently, although deep learning models are holding state-of-the-art performances in human action recognition tasks, these models are not well-studied in applying to animal behavior recognition tasks. One reason is the lack of extensive datasets which are required to train these deep models for good performances. In this research, we investigated two current state-of-the-art deep learning models in human action recognition tasks, the I3D model and the R(2 + 1)D model, in solving a mouse behavior recognition task. We compared their performances with other models from previous researches and the results showed that the deep learning models that pre-trained using human action datasets then fine-tuned using the mouse behavior dataset can outperform other models from previous researches. It also shows promises of applying these deep learning models to other animal behavior recognition tasks without any significant modification in the models’ architecture, all we need to do is collecting proper datasets for the tasks and fine-tuning the pre-trained models using the collected data.

The Problem of Quasiperiodic Photonic Structures Solved by Considering the Cut of 2D Periodic Structure

The physical objective of solving for eigen-modes of a 1D quasiperiodic structure in photonics has been achieved. This was achieved thru considering this structure as a 1D projection or cut of a 2D periodic structure. And the problem is solved in a manner similar to 2D periodic photonic structures. A mechanical analogy (quasiperiodic orbits) helps to bring conceptual clarity.

基于一二维耦合模型和水库调度的长江宜宾河段洪水遭遇与淹没分析

【目的】宜宾市地处金沙江与岷江汇合处,且有横江、南广河及其他重要支流汇入,因此洪水遭遇组合复杂,且受金沙江下游向家坝-溪洛渡等梯级水库调度影响明显,其水文水动力计算对下游各城镇河段防洪规划及减灾政策制定具有重要意义。【方法】通过构建一二维水动力学耦合数学模型,采用实测洪水验证的分析方法对长江宜宾河段(含重要支流汇入段)的洪水组合进行分析,选取了1961年、1966年两个典型年并对比有无金沙江下游梯级水库调洪的影响,计算各河段和沿岸城镇100 a、50 a及20 a一遇的洪水淹没。【结果】结果表明:(1)当发生超标洪水时,城区主要洪水漫溢淹没分布在宜宾的安边镇、柏溪街道,翠屏区西郊街道以及岷江菜坝镇飞机坝段。(2)不管是1961典型年(岷江为主要来水)还是1966典型年(金沙江为主要来水),岷江流域均受灾较重;其中西郊街道和大观楼街道的洪水主要受金沙江来水和岷江洪水顶托作用明显;岷江漫溢洪水为宜宾城区外洪的主要来源,岷江是宜宾市的防洪重点。【结论】结合防洪工程分布及现有堤防建设情况,菜坝镇飞机坝片区现有的20 a一遇洪水的堤防无法满足实际防洪标准需求;西郊街道滨江公园和备战码头,由于未形成防洪封闭圈,城区局部地区仍处于不设防状态;柏溪镇堤防防洪标准20 a一遇偏低,黑河(柏树溪)受到金沙江回水影响会造成柏溪镇严重洪灾。金沙江在向家坝水库的调蓄作用下,即使发生100 a或超过50 a一遇超标洪水,中心城区均不超过40 a一遇,宜宾城区受金沙江洪水影响相对较小,受岷江回水影响较大。

湖北碾盘山水利水电枢纽导流明渠和泄水闸联合过流模拟研究

湖北汉江碾盘山枢纽为Ⅱ等大(2)型工程,枢纽为河床式电站。目前导流明渠左侧副坝已施工完成,基坑内泄水闸已基本完工,电站厂房、船闸尚未完工。坝体临时度汛标准为100年一遇,当发生10年一遇以上洪水,由导流明渠和泄水闸联合下泄,由于种种原因,汛前围堰全部拆除难度较大,导致泄水闸不能完全按照泄流能力泄洪。因工期紧、施工度汛过流条件及工况复杂,物理模型试验往往不能及时模拟。通过平面二维水流数学模型,根据施工进度实时、动态模拟泄水闸与导流明渠联合过流工况,得出合理分流比,为施工安全度汛提供技术支撑。

A COUPLED 1-D AND 2-D CHANNEL NETWORK MATHEMATICAL MODEL USED FOR FLOW CALCULATIONS IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

A coupled one-dimensional （1-D） and two-dimensional （2-D） channel network mathematical model is proposed for flow calculations at nodes in a channel network system in this article. For the 1-D model, the finite difference method is used to discretize the Saint-Venant equations in all channels of a looped network. The Alternating Direction Implicit （ADI） method is adopted for the 2-D model at the nodes. In the coupled model, the 1-D model provides a good approximation with small computational effort, while the 2-D model is applied for complex topography to achieve a high accuracy. An Artificial Neural Network （ANN.） method is used for the data exchange and the connectivity between the 1-D and 2-D models. The coupled model is applied to the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake region, to simulate the tremendous looped channel network system, and the results are compared with field data. The good agreement shows that the coupled hydraulic model is more effective than the conventional 1-D model.

小浪底水库垂向二维水温数值模拟研究

采用垂向二维水动力水温数学模型,研究模拟小浪底水库水温分布结构及年内变化规律。结果表明:小浪底水库库尾水深小,水温呈等温分布;坝前水深较大,会出现水温分层情况,具体表现为:4—6月坝前水温呈稳定分层结构,7—11月坝前水温呈等温分布,12月—次年3月坝前水温处于逆温结构。

浔江湾海水交换时间的计算

采用箱式模型、二维ADI流体方程和对流 扩散模型计算浔江湾海水交换时间,分析浔江湾的水动力特点和湾内海水交换时空分布的特点.计算表明,浔江湾的海水平均交换时间为1.04d;湾内海水涨潮速度比落潮速度快;湾口的海水交换比湾内的其他地方快.

黄河河口水沙运动的二维数学模型

本文针对黄河河口河道水沙潮波的特点,从水流连续方程、运动方程,泥沙运动方程出发,补充了潮流挟沙能力的计算公式,建立了黄河河道河口二维数学模型。以1982年实测资料,从潮位过程、流速大小和方向及海底冲淤变形等方面对数学模型进行了验证计算。在此基础上开展了典型水沙条件下黄河河口泥沙运动规律的模拟研究。其结果揭示了黄河河口清水沟所处海域的潮流潮汐特性和泥沙输移规律。这些成果与实测资料以及卫星遥感分析结果一致,进一步表明了模型的可靠性。

天然分汊河道平面二维水流泥沙数值模拟研究

基于无结构化网格,采用有限元方法,建立起一种适合于分汊河道的平面二维水沙数学模型,模型采用质量集中的简化处理和预估校正的时间推进算法,较好地解决有限元计算存储量和计算速度。并以武汉天兴洲汊道段为例,进行水沙验证计算,验证结果与实际符合较好,证明模型能较好地模拟天然分汊河道的水流泥沙运动及河床变形情况,因此可为分汊型河道的整治提供技术支持。

长江口及毗邻海域水质和生态动力学模型与应用研究

长江口及毗邻海域氮磷严重超标导致该海域赤潮频发,已严重影响到该海域的渔业资源。为系统地实施海域污染控制和生态保护措施,科学制定污染控制方案和评估行动计划实施效果,开展海域水质和生态动力学模型研究是十分必要的。在长江口及毗邻海域流场、盐度场、温度场和泥沙场模型的基础上建立了二维水质模型,主要模拟指标为高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、无机氮、无机磷,通过2005年夏季和秋季实测水质资料进行了模型的验证和率定,确定了污染物的综合降解参数。利用二维水质模型进行设计水文条件下33个概化排污口控制污染物的水质响应系数场的模拟计算,为海域容量计算和总量分配奠定了基础。建立了长江口及毗邻海域三维生态动力学模型,利用三维生态模型对应用水质模型计算得出的总量控制方案进行了校验模拟。结果表明:实施全海区功能达标控制方案后,原赤潮易发区叶绿素浓度值显著降低,叶绿素高浓度区域面积基本消失,中高浓度区域的面积也由现状方案约1万km^2减少了90%。

变态对河工模型中弯道水流相似性的影响

河工模型采用变态模型,其相似性会受到影响。采用平面二维模型,在数学模型的基础上,计算变率使河工模型弯道水流在相似性上产生的影响。在河工模型的条件下,选取不同变态模型,对环流进行了计算,研究了变率对弯道水流的相似的影响,并给出了初步分析。最后得出结论为在变态的河工模型中,弯道的水流动力轴线在弯顶附近会变缓,而且横向水面比降会减小。

热污染的一、二维耦合模型及其应用

滨海、河口二个火电站并存时 ,其冷却水所释放的热量常造成周围水体的温度上升并相互干扰、叠加。它们之间的水体、温度相互流动、渗混 ,交接点上的水位、流速及温升同时满足一、二维方程 ,为此必须进行耦合解。本文提供了一、二维任意交角普遍性的耦合解法 ,并应用北仑、镇沦二个火电站之间的热污染计算为实例 ,求得了它们相互影响的定量值。

潮汐作用对河网区重金属输移的影响

根据相关文献,推导了只考虑溶解态和悬浮态输移过程的一维河流重金属输移模型的表达式。根据2005年12月北江镉污染事故背景资料,对该模型的参数进行率定,以分析珠江流域西、北江河网区潮汐对重金属输移的影响。设定北江上游突发污染事故与下游大、中、小潮相遭遇的情景,将情景资料代入重金属输移模型进行模拟,根据模拟结果评价了事故对佛山市水厂供水带来的影响。分析结果发现,潮汐作用造成河流内水流往复震荡,对污染物的迁移过程影响较大;不同的潮汐作用导致西江、北江的水流补给形式发生变化,进而影响污染物的传播途径;污染事故与大潮相遭遇时,对供水造成的危害要远大于与中、小潮相遭遇时。

肿瘤血管生成的二维数值模拟

血管生成(angiogenesis),指从已存在的血管网络中成长出新的血管网络。肿瘤毛细血管生成在肿瘤的生长、转移等阶段发挥着重要的作用。在此过程中内皮细胞积极参与其中的各个阶段:首先是各种各样的肿瘤促血管生成因子的释放(tumorangiogenesisfactors,TAF),激活内皮细胞;新生的内皮细胞在一系列的内部和外部因素的调节下向着肿瘤迁移,最终新生成的毛细血管到达肿瘤并穿越它。目前对肿瘤内及其周围的毛细血管网络了解很少,这给临床上对肿瘤的研究和治疗带来一定困难。本文考虑内皮细胞与胞外间质的相互作用、对TAF的响应,根据肿瘤内外的生理和病理条件描述肿瘤促血管生成的特点,并根据肿瘤内的复杂特性建立二维离散数学模型,研究肿瘤内部的毛细血管网络的生成。数值模拟的结果显示该模型在一定程度上可以产生符合真实的肿瘤内外的毛细血管分层特点的网络,同时也给后续的研究提供了一定的依据。

悬浮物输运的数学模型

为了研究镇江内湖悬浮物的输移运动规律,建立了二维悬浮物输运数学模型。模型考虑了风场及潮流作用下悬浮物的输运,同时还考虑了悬浮物的沉降和再悬浮机制,采用切应力概念确定悬浮物的起悬量和沉降量。在无结构网格上对水流和悬浮物输运方程进行有限体积的积分离散,应用高性能的Osher格式计算水量、动量及悬浮物输运等通量,提高了数值模拟的精度。应用2次大规模水文和悬浮物含量的野外同步监测资料对模型进行了验证。模拟值与实测值吻合较好,表明模型能合理地反映内湖水流及悬浮物的运动规律。

黄河河口二维泥沙有限元数学模型及应用(Ⅱ)——潮流和泥沙输运沉积过程模拟分析

利用多沙黄河河口潮波平面二维泥沙数学模型,通过典型时刻近海海区潮汐、河口口门河道、河海流场、含沙量、河床变形和海底等值线等图形对入海河口海域潮汐和潮流海洋动力特性、入海泥沙运动扩散输移规律、河口拦门沙形状、形成过程、泥沙冲淤和海底地形变化进行了分析,这些都与实测资料和遥感图像的分析基本一致。