Simulation of the Hydrodynamic Functioning of the Cavally River Using a Coupled 1D-2D Model in the Ity Area (Zouan-Hounien in Côte d’Ivoire)

In recent years, the Cavally River has been subject to multiple activities, including the construction of diversion channels and a bridge that makes it vulnerable to flooding. In order to assess the impact of these hydraulic structures on the river hydrodynamic functioning, a 1D-2D model was realized. The implementation of the 1D-2D model consisted of first running the 1D model, then the 2D model, and finally in coupling them. The 1D-2D model was designed with the 1988 flood hydrograph, a Manning’s coefficient of 0.052 m1/3/s for the minor bed and 0.06 m1/3/s for the major bed. The results of the hydraulic model show that the velocities are almost identical to those of the Cavally in natural operation. The values of the velocities are included between 0.4 m/s and 1.3 m/s at the level of the minor bed of the river and between 0.06 m/s and 0.71 m/s at the level of the floodplains. The average water level for flood propagation is 262.37 ± 0.44 m before construction of the structures and 262.23 ± 0.85 m after construction of the structures. The 0.41 m reduction in water level due to the diversion canal and bridge is negligible compared to the total fluctuations of the Cavally River, which vary from 6 to 7 m over the year.

An Implicit Coupled 1D/2D Model for Unsteady Subcritical Flow in Channel Networks and Embayment

In this study, 1D and 2D shallow-water models were coupled to simulate unsteady flow in channel networks and embayment. The 1D model solved the 1D shallow-water equations (St. Venant) using the Preissmann box method and targeted long narrow reaches of the river networks, while the 2D model targeted broad channels and embayment and solved the 2D shallow-water equations using a semi-implicit scheme applied to an unstructured grid of triangular cells. The 1D and 2D models were solved simultaneously by building a matrix for the free surface elevation at every 1D junction and 2D cell center. Velocities were then computed explicitly based on the results at the previous time step and the updated water level. The originality of the scheme arose from a novel coupling method. The results showed that the coupled 1D/2D model produced identical results as the full 2D model in classical to benchmark problems with considerable savings in computational effort. Application of the model to the Pearl River Estuary in southern China showed that complex patterns of tidal wave propagation could be efficiently modeled.

(4d+1)-正则图中的2d-因子

设d是一个正整数 ,G是一个 (4d +1 ) -正则图 .证明了若图G不含d +4条割边 ,则G有2d 因子 .进而说明上述结果是最好的 .

Pressure Effects on Spectra of Tunable Laser Crystal GSGG： Cr^3＋ IV： Pressure—Induced Shifts of R1 Line, R2 Line, and U Band at 300 K

By means of both a theory for pressure-induced shifts(PS) energy spectra and a theory for shifts of energy spectra due to electron-phonon interaction(EPIP.the pure electronic PS and the PS due to EPI of R1 line,R2 line,and U band of GSGG:Cr^3+ at 300 K have been calculated,respectively.The calcualted results are in good agreement with all the experimental data.Their physical origins have also been explained.It is found that the mixingdegree of t2^2(^3T1)e^4T2) and |t2^3 3E>base-wavefunctions in the wavefunctions of R1 level of GSGG:Cr^3+ at 300K is remarkable under normal pressure,and the mixing-degree rapidly decreases with increasing pressure.The change of the mixing-degree with pressure plays a key role not only for the pure electronic'PS of R1 line and R2 line but also the PS of R1 line and R2 line due to EPI.The pressure-dependent behaviors of the pure electronic 'PS of R1 line(or R2 line) and the PS of R1 line(or R2 line) due to EPI are quite different.It is the combined effect of them that gives rise to the total PS of R1 line(or R2 line).In the range of about 15 kar-45kbar,the mergence and /or order-reversal between t2^2(3T1)e^4T2 levels and t2^32T1 levels take place,which cause the fluctuation of the rate of PS for t2^2(3T1)e^4T2(or t2^32T1) with pressure,At 300K,both the temperature-dependent contribution to R1 line(Or R2 line or U band) from EPI and the temperature-independent one are important.

Pressure Effects on Spectra of Tunable Laser Crystal GSGG：Cr^3＋Ⅲ：Pressure—Induced Shift of R1 Line at 70k

By means of both a theory for pressure-induced shifts (PS) of energy spectra and a theory for shifts ofenergy spectra due to electron-phonon interaction (EPI), the 'pure electronic' PS and the PS due to EPI of R1 line ofGSGG:Cr3+ at 70 K have been calculated, respectively. Their physical origins have been revealed. It is found that theremarkable under the normal pressure, and the degree of the admixture rapidly decreases with increasing pressure. Thechange of the degree of the admixture with the pressure plays a key role for not only the pure electronic PS of R1 line butalso the PS ofR1 line due to EPL The detailed calculations and analyses show that the pressure-dependent behaviors ofthe pure electronic PS of R1 line and the PS of R1 line due to EPI are quite different. It is the combined effect of themthat gives rise to the total PS of R1 line, which has satisfactorily explained the experimental data (including a reversal ofPS of R1 line). In contributions to PS of R1 line due to EPI at 70 K, the temperature-independent contribution is muchlarger than the temperature-dependent contribution. The former results from the interaction between the zero-pointvibration of the lattice and localized electronic state.

A COUPLED 1-D AND 2-D CHANNEL NETWORK MATHEMATICAL MODEL USED FOR FLOW CALCULATIONS IN THE MIDDLE REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

A coupled one-dimensional （1-D） and two-dimensional （2-D） channel network mathematical model is proposed for flow calculations at nodes in a channel network system in this article. For the 1-D model, the finite difference method is used to discretize the Saint-Venant equations in all channels of a looped network. The Alternating Direction Implicit （ADI） method is adopted for the 2-D model at the nodes. In the coupled model, the 1-D model provides a good approximation with small computational effort, while the 2-D model is applied for complex topography to achieve a high accuracy. An Artificial Neural Network （ANN.） method is used for the data exchange and the connectivity between the 1-D and 2-D models. The coupled model is applied to the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake region, to simulate the tremendous looped channel network system, and the results are compared with field data. The good agreement shows that the coupled hydraulic model is more effective than the conventional 1-D model.

Mathematical model for flood routing in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake network

The main stream of the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake, and the river network in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system. This paper develops a one-dimensional （l-D） mathematical model for flood routing in the river network Of the Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake using the explicit finite volume method. Based on observed data during the flood periods in 1996 and 1998, the model was calibrated and validated, and the results show that the model is effective and has high accuracy. In addition, the one-dimensional mathematical model for the river network and the horizontal two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model for the Jingjiang flood diversion area were coupled to simulate the flood process in the Jingjiang River, Dongting Lake, and the Jingjiang flood diversion area. The calculated results of the coupled model are consistent with the practical processes. Meanwhile, the results show that the flood diversion has significant effects on the decrease of the peak water level at the Shashi and Chenjiawan hydrological stations near the flood diversion gates, and the effect is more obvious in the downstream than in the upstream.

17aα—D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯联合γ射线照射对不同品系小鼠的抑瘤作用

目的对比观察17a α—D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯（DHEA）对不同品系小鼠肺腺癌的抑瘤作用及探讨合用^137Cs γ射线照射是否具有抑瘤增效作用。方法将LA795肺腺癌细胞用生理盐水稀释为浓度约3．5×10^7／ml瘤细胞，接种于近交系IRM-1和IRM-2小鼠腋下，0．2ml／只，24h后分别将IRM-1和IRM-2荷瘤小鼠随机分为8组：对照组、单照组、DHEA（低、中、高剂量）组和DHEA（低、中、高剂量）联合照射组。DHEA组与DHEA联合照射组采取腹腔给药，每日1次，连续7d。其中，DHEA联合照射组于给药的第4日进行全身1Gy照射，每日1次，连续5d。观察DHEA联合γ射线照射对小鼠肺腺癌的抑瘤效果及对相关免疫学指标的影响。结果DHEA低、中、高剂量组对IRM-1荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤率分别为38．05％、49．33％和48．18％，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（担3．417，4．929和4．889，P均〈0．01），联合^137Cs γ射线照射后的抑瘤率分别为56．98％、64．44％和62．72％，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（t=5．475，5．770和6．165，P均〈0．01）。DHEA低、中、高剂量组对IRM-2小鼠的抑瘤率分别为42．73％、70．91％和67．73％，其中，中、高剂量组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（t=3．239和3．062，P均〈0．01），联合^137Cs γ射线照射后的抑瘤率分别为63．63％、75．00％和68．64％，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（t=2．834，3．426和3．156，P分别为〈0．05，〈0．01和〈0．01）。结论DHEA对不同品系小鼠肺腺癌细胞均有抑制作用，联合γ射线照射后的抑瘤疗效比单纯DHEA组更为明显。

基于一二维耦合模型和水库调度的长江宜宾河段洪水遭遇与淹没分析

【目的】宜宾市地处金沙江与岷江汇合处,且有横江、南广河及其他重要支流汇入,因此洪水遭遇组合复杂,且受金沙江下游向家坝-溪洛渡等梯级水库调度影响明显,其水文水动力计算对下游各城镇河段防洪规划及减灾政策制定具有重要意义。【方法】通过构建一二维水动力学耦合数学模型,采用实测洪水验证的分析方法对长江宜宾河段(含重要支流汇入段)的洪水组合进行分析,选取了1961年、1966年两个典型年并对比有无金沙江下游梯级水库调洪的影响,计算各河段和沿岸城镇100 a、50 a及20 a一遇的洪水淹没。【结果】结果表明:(1)当发生超标洪水时,城区主要洪水漫溢淹没分布在宜宾的安边镇、柏溪街道,翠屏区西郊街道以及岷江菜坝镇飞机坝段。(2)不管是1961典型年(岷江为主要来水)还是1966典型年(金沙江为主要来水),岷江流域均受灾较重;其中西郊街道和大观楼街道的洪水主要受金沙江来水和岷江洪水顶托作用明显;岷江漫溢洪水为宜宾城区外洪的主要来源,岷江是宜宾市的防洪重点。【结论】结合防洪工程分布及现有堤防建设情况,菜坝镇飞机坝片区现有的20 a一遇洪水的堤防无法满足实际防洪标准需求;西郊街道滨江公园和备战码头,由于未形成防洪封闭圈,城区局部地区仍处于不设防状态;柏溪镇堤防防洪标准20 a一遇偏低,黑河(柏树溪)受到金沙江回水影响会造成柏溪镇严重洪灾。金沙江在向家坝水库的调蓄作用下,即使发生100 a或超过50 a一遇超标洪水,中心城区均不超过40 a一遇,宜宾城区受金沙江洪水影响相对较小,受岷江回水影响较大。

ONE-AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL COUPLED HYDRODYNAMICS MODEL FOR DAM BREAK FLOW

1-D and 2-D mathematical models for dam break flow were established and verified with the measured data in laboratory. The 1-D and 2-D models were then coupled, and used to simulate the dam break flow from the reservoir tail to the dam site, the propagation of dam break waves in the downstream channel, and the submergence of dam break flow in the downstream town with the hydrodynamics method. As a numerical example, the presented model was employed to simulate dam break flow of a hydropower station under construction. In simulation, different dam-break durations, upstream flows and water levels in front of dam were considered, and these influencing factors of dam break flow were analyzed, which could be referenced in planning and designing hydropower stations.

热污染的一、二维耦合模型及其应用

滨海、河口二个火电站并存时 ,其冷却水所释放的热量常造成周围水体的温度上升并相互干扰、叠加。它们之间的水体、温度相互流动、渗混 ,交接点上的水位、流速及温升同时满足一、二维方程 ,为此必须进行耦合解。本文提供了一、二维任意交角普遍性的耦合解法 ,并应用北仑、镇沦二个火电站之间的热污染计算为实例 ,求得了它们相互影响的定量值。

西三洼洪水演进数值模拟及洪水风险分析

为模拟西三洼蓄滞洪区洪水演进,对其洪水风险进行分析,以一、二维非恒定流控制方程为基本理论,采用有限体积法,结合西三洼地形资料及大清河流域水文资料,建立一、二维耦合的洪水演进数学模型。采用63·8洪水实测资料对模型进行验证,结果基本吻合。对不同工况及重现期下的设计洪水进行洪水演进模拟计算并绘制洪水风险图。研究表明:该模型可模拟西三洼蓄滞洪区各分洪口门开扒时间、各时刻淹没面积、淹没水深及滞洪量等水情信息及其变化过程;规划情况(增加安全区)的滞洪总量大于现状情况滞洪总量;发生百年一遇洪水时,西三洼蓄滞洪区77%地区都遭受洪水侵害,其中57%区域为危险区,11%区域为重灾区,5%区域为中灾区。研究成果可为防汛部门制定科学合理的防洪减灾规划提供参考依据。

含盐风暴潮溃堤洪水数值模拟及风险分析

为了研究三角洲河口风暴潮溃堤时的盐水运动规律,建立一、二维耦合的盐度数学模型对风暴潮溃堤时的盐水运动进行模拟。模型考虑洪泛区建筑物对盐水运动的影响以及溃口的渐变发展过程。用2008年多个测站的实测数据对河网模型的潮位和盐度计算结果进行了验证。将模型应用于珠江三角洲河网某近海溃口风暴潮溃堤的盐水运动模拟,并绘制了最大盐度等值面图。计算结果表明,该溃口大部分区域的溃堤积水盐度超过了4psu,因此,溃堤洪水的高盐度积水影响不容忽视。通过比较"溃堤"和"不溃堤"两种情况下的河网盐度计算结果,发现上游河道的溃堤分流增大了河道的纳潮量,促使涨潮量增大,增大了下游河网的咸潮上溯风险,减弱了上游来流对咸潮的压制效果。

一、二维耦合数学模型在感潮河网洪水风险图编制中的应用

为了解决感潮河网径流、潮汐交汇,动力复杂,溃决洪水难以用经验公式准确概化的问题,建立直接以溃口为耦合断面的河网一维、保护区二维侧向耦合模型,将感潮河网与保护区一体化,避免环境因素及经验参数的不确定性带来的溃口流量估算误差。典型算例和中顺大围溃决洪水情景模拟表明:洪水自溃口集中喷射出后分散流向围内,流态受围内下垫面影响显著,溃口水位、流量随外江潮位涨落而起伏变化,由溃口流量过程线计算所得溃口水量与根据淹没区各单元的面积和水深计算的围内总水量一致。模拟成果直接反映下垫面、水头差、潮位涨落,及溃口流态对溃决洪水的综合影响,反映出本耦合模型计算溃口流量及对溃决洪水模拟的合理性、可信性,具有较好的应用前景。

陆面-河网耦合模型在极端风暴潮淹没危险性分析中的应用

在风暴潮灾害中,台风、天文高潮位、区间暴雨和上游洪水等因子存在同时出现的可能,对沿海地区的防汛安全形成了较为严重的威胁.双因子、多因子影响下的复合风暴潮灾害成为沿海地区灾害风险评估的主要研究对象.风暴潮水通过漫堤和溃口进入陆域后,河网对潮水的调蓄和运输作用直接影响对受灾区域灾害危险性的评估结果.本研究选取上海市金山区作为典型区域,基于MIKE11和MIKE21模型分别建立金山区一维河网模型和二维陆面模型,并进行耦合计算,模拟分析在风暴潮、台风、区间暴雨和流域洪水的综合影响下,金山区地面积水变化过程,为区域的灾害危险性分析提供依据.模型计算结果表明,在考虑陆域河网调蓄作用后,风暴潮引起的金山区地面积水大幅度减小,区域内整体淹没分布出现一定程度的改变.综合考虑风暴潮及区间暴雨和流域洪水与仅考虑风暴潮条件相比,金山区中部和北部大部分区域危险性等级降低,西北角危险性等级升高.

Pressure Effects on Spectra of Tunable Laser Crystal GSGG：Cr^3＋ I：Theory

A theory for shifts of energy spectra due to electron-phonon interaction (EPI) has been developed. Both thetemperature-independent contributions and the temperature-dependent ones of acoustic branches and optical brancheshave been derived. It is found that the temperature-independent contributions are very important, especially at lowtemperature. The total pressure-induced shift (PS) of a level (or spectral line or band) is the algebraic sum of its PSwithout EPI and its PS due to EPI. By means of both the theory for shifts of energy spectra due to EPI and the theoryfor PS of energy spectra, the total PS of R1 line of tunable laser crystal GSGG:Cr3+ at 70 K as well as the ones of itsR1 line, R2 line and U band at 300 K will be successfully calculated and explained in this series of papers.

Multi-scale simulation model of air system based on cross-dimensional data transmission method

The Secondary Air System(SAS)plays an important role in the safe operation and performance of aeroengines.The traditional 1D-3D coupling method loses information when used for secondary air systems,which affects the calculation accuracy.In this paper,a Cross-dimensional Data Transmission method(CDT)from 3D to 1D is proposed by introducing flow field uniformity into the data transmission.First,a uniformity index was established to quantify the flow field parameter distribution characteristics,and a uniformity index prediction model based on the locally weighted regression method(Lowess)was established to quickly obtain the flow field information.Then,an information selection criterion in 3D to 1D data transmission was established based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the uniformity index and the accuracy of coupling calculation,and the calculation method was automatically determined according to the established criterion.Finally,a modified function was obtained by fitting the ratio of the 3D mass-average parameters to the analytical solution,which are then used to modify the selected parameters at the 1D-3D interface.Taking a typical disk cavity air system as an example,the results show that the calculation accuracy of the CDT method is greatly improved by a relative 53.88%compared with the traditional 1D-3D coupling method.Furthermore,the CDT method achieves a speedup of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to the 3D calculation.

One-dimensional and two-dimensional synergized nanostructures for high-performing energy storage and conversion

To address the worldwide energy challenges,advanced energy storage and conversion systems with high comprehensive performances,as the promising technologies,are inevitably required on a timely basis.The performance of these energy systems is intimately dependent on the properties of their electrodes.In addition to the electrode materials selection and their compositional optimization,materials fabrication with the designed nanostructure also provides significant benefits for their performances.In the past decade,considerable efforts have been made to promote the search for multidimensional nanostructures containing both onedimensional(1D)and two-dimensional(2D)nanostructures in synergy,namely,1D-2D synergized nanostructures.By developing the freestanding electrodes with such unique nanoarchitectures,the structural features and electroactivities of each component can be manifested,where the synergistic properties among them can be simultaneously obtained for further enhanced properties,such as the increased number of active sites,fast electronic/ionic transport,and so forth.This review overviews the state-of-the-art on the 1D-2D synergized nanostructures,which can be broadly divided into three groups,namely,core/shell,cactus-like,and sandwich-like nanostructures.For each category,we introduce them from the aspects of structural features,fabrication methodologies to their successful applications in different types of energy storage/conversion devices,including rechargeable batteries,supercapacitors,water splitting,and so forth.Finally,the main challenges faced by and perspectives on the 1D-2D synergized nanostructures are discussed.

融合多维度CNN的高光谱遥感图像分类算法

随着计算机深度学习技术的不断发展,卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)作为代表算法,为高光谱图像分类提供了新的解决方案。但是,因为数据量迅速膨胀,复杂模型的分类精度和速度并不令人满意。因此提出了一种面向高光谱图像分类的轻量级融合CNN算法3D-2D-1D CNN。该算法融合不同维度的CNN,联合空间信息和光谱信息进行高光谱遥感图像分类。利用Indian Pines、Pavia University、Salinas Scene和WHU-Hi-Han Chuan数据集对该算法进行测试,结果显示,总体分类精度分别达到99.65%、99.95%、100%和99.85%;与3D CNN算法和3D-2D CNN算法相比,训练时间和测试时间都明显降低。研究表明,所提算法能够在保证高分类精度的前提下有效地提高数据的分析速度。所提算法综合利用三种CNN对高光谱空-谱联合信息的抽象表达能力,有效促进了CNN在高光谱遥感图像分类领域中的应用。

北部湾及广西近海潮流数值模拟

该文采用二维浅水模型模拟分析了北部湾海域潮流系统,并在此基础上建立了广西沿海一、二维耦合水动力模型,模型中考虑了广西沿岸6条主要入海河流对近岸水动力的影响,进一步分析了广西近海海域潮致余流场及其对近海污染物输移扩散的影响。模型潮位计算值和实测值符合良好。结果显示:K1分潮在北部湾口形成一个逆时针旋转潮波系统,M2分潮在湾顶越南海防附近形成逆时针旋转潮波系统,广西近海海域K1分潮占优。广西沿海海域内,离岸较近的海域余流场相对较强,余流速度受浅水效应及湾口等地形缩窄影响而增强;离岸较远海域余流明显减弱,水体交换能力降低。