Plasma-Catalytic Decomposition of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge with a Vermiculite ZiO2 Composite

The paper presents comparative kinetic characteristics of the decomposition of 2,4-dichlorophenol in a dielectric barrier discharge and a combined plasma-catalytic process. Vermiculite containing 5% zirconium was used as a catalyst. The destruction processes of 2,4-DCP proceed efficiently, the degree of decomposition increases in the combined plasma-catalytic process by a factor of 1.33 and reaches 80%. The experimental results were processed according to the first-order kinetic law (R2 > 0.97), according to which the effective constants (0.36 ± 0.04) and (0.51 ± 0.03) s-1 and the decomposition rates of 2,4-DCP (106 and 123 μmol/l·s) when treating model solutions without a catalyst and with vermiculite + Zr 5%, respectively, and the energy costs are 0.012 and 0.017 molecules/100eV. The main decomposition products present in the solution have been determined to be carboxylic acids, aldehydes, the contribution of which does not exceed 2%, as well as chloride ions, and in the gas phase they are carbon dioxide and molecular chlorine (the share of which does not exceed 1.5% of total chlorine content in the system).

Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol Catalyzed by Ultrasound-Assisted Laccase

Laccase possesses a good degradation effect on organic pollutants,but it is too long to achieve the desired effect. In order to improve the treatment effect of laccase on degradation of organic pollutants,2,4-dichlorophenol( 2, 4-DCP) was selected as a treatment target in the study. This study investigated a newtechnique for catalyzing the degradation of 2,4-DCP, that is,ultrasound-assisted laccase catalysis. The optimal experimental parameters such as p H,ultrasonic power,duty cycle and laccase concentration were determined under optimized experimental conditions. The results showed that the optimum conditions for degradation of 2,4-DCP were that pH = 5. 5,the input power was 105 W,the duty cycle was 50% and the laccase concentration was0. 4 U/m L. The degradation rate of 2,4-DCP reached 77. 5% under the optimum conditions at 4 h. When in ultrasonic environment,the enzymatic activity of laccase could be stimulated and improved.Compared with conventional methods,this technique significantly promoted the degradation rate of 2,4-DCP while reduced action time. Furthermore, no newpollutant was introduced into the degradation process. Therefore,ultrasound-assisted laccase catalysis is an environmentally friendly technique to degrade pollutants.

Statistical optimization of adsorption processes for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by activated carbon derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced by thermal activation of activation time with 30 min at 800℃. The adsorption process conditions were determined with the statistical optimization followed by central composite design. A developed polynomial model for operating conditions of adsorption process indicated that the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of phenolic compound were： agitation rate of 100 r/min, contact time of 8 h, initial adsorbate concentration of 250 mg/L and pH 4. Adsorption isotherms were conducted to evaluate biosorption process. Langmuir isotherm was more favorable （R^2=0.93） for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the activated carbon rather than Freundlich isotherm （R^2=0.88）.

ADSORPTION OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION ONTO ADSORPTION RESIN MODIFIED BY N-ACETYLANILINE

A hypercrosslinked adsorption resin （ZH-05） modified by N-acetylaniline in the post crosslinking process was prepared. The adsorption properties of ZH-05 toward 2,4-dichlorophenol in comparison with granular activated carbon （GAC） and Amberlite XAD-4 were observed. The present study mainly focuses on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors, desorption profiles and the proof of chemisorption. The results show that the Langmuir equation can give a perfect fitting to experimental data, and high temperature was favorable for adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol on ZH-05. A related equation was used to correlate the amount of chemisorption and the suppositionai chemisorption equilibrium concentration of adsorbate in aqueous solution. The adsorption capacities from different ranges of temperature and the static desorption experiment both reveal the same conclusion, i.e., the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol from water on ZH-05 is a coexistent process of physical adsorption and chemical transition as on GAC.

Adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on Cationic Surfactant Modified Red Soil

Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide modified red soil under different ionic strength, divalent cation Cu 2+ or different pH conditions were studied. All the adsorption isotherms were well fitted to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacities of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol were dramatically enhanced by HDTMA treatment of red soil. The increase of ionic strength and the addition of divalent heavy metal cation Cu 2+ significantly enhanced the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol on the HDTMA-modified red soil. Adsorption capacities of HDTMA-modified red soil for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol gradually increased with decreasing pH in the aqueous phase.

Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from wasterwater by vacuum membrane distillation using hydrophobic PPESK hollow hiber membrane

2,4-Dichlorophenol was removed from wasterwater using a new hydrophobic poly（phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone） （PPESK） hollow fiber membrane by vacuum membrane distillation （VMD）.

Enhancing Heterogeneous Catalytic Activity of Iron(II) Phthalocyanine by Ethanol and Its Application in 2,4-dichlorophenol Detection

A chemical system for facile and accurate detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol （DCP） via iron （Ⅱ） phthalocyanine （Fe（Ⅱ）Pc） catalyzed chromogenic reaction is reported for the first time. In this system, DCP could be oxidized by dioxygen with the catalysis of Fe（Ⅱ）Pc and then coupled with 4-aminoantipyrine （4-AAP） to generate pink antipyrilquinoneimine dye. Control experiments showed that the addition of ethanol could obviously enhance the catalytic activity of heterogeneous Fe（Ⅱ）Pc catalysts because of the partial dissolution of Fe（II）Pc nanocubes, which was confirmed by the SEM analysis. On the basis of the detection results of DCP in the range from 2×10^-5 to 9×10^-4 mol/L, we obtained a regression equation （A = 0.187 5 ＋ 0.01 209C （R2=-0.995 6）） with the detection limit （3σ） of 3.26×10^-6 mol/L, which could be successfully used in detecting the real samples.

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol with a novel TiO_2/Ti-Fe-graphite felt photoelectrocatalytic oxidation process

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol （2,4-DCP） was studied in a novel three-electrode photoelectrocatalytic （PEC） integrative oxidation process, and the factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current, flow speed of O2, pH, adscititious voltage and initial 2,4-DCP concentration were investigated and optimized. H2O2 was produced nearby cathode and Fe^2＋ continuously generated from Fe anode in solution when current and O2 were applied, so, main reactions, H2O2-assisted TiO2 PEC oxidation and E-Fenton reaction, occurred during degradation of 2,4-DCP in this integrative system. The degradation ratio of 2,4-DCP was 93% in this integrative oxidation process, while it was only 31% in E-Fenton process and 46% in H2O2-assisted TiO2 PEC process. So, it revealed that the degradation of 2,4-DCP was improved greatly by photoelectrical cooperation effect. By the investigation of pH, it showed that this integrative process could work well in a wide pH range from pH 3 to pH 9.

A Fiber Optic Sensor for Determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol based on Iron(Ⅱ) Phthalocyanine Catalysis

A new fi ber optic sensor based on the oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol（DCP） catalyzed by iron（II） phthalocyanine（Fe（II）Pc） was developed for the determination of DCP. The optical oxygen sensing fi lm containing fl uorescence indicator Ru（bpy）3Cl2 was used to detect the consumption of oxygen in solution. Moreover, a lock-in amplifier was used to determine the lifetime of the sensor head by detecting its phase delay change. The results reveal that the sensor has a linear detection range of 1.0×10^-6- 9.0×10^-5 mol/L and a response time of 5 min. The sensor also has high selectivity, good repeatability and stability. It can be used effectively to determine DCP concentration in real samples.

A Fiber Optic Sensor for 2,4-dichlorophenol Analysis based on Optical Composite Oxygen-sensitive Film

A novel fiber optic sensor based on optical composite oxygen-sensitive film was developed for determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol(DCP).The optical composite oxygen-sensitive film consists of tris(2,2’-bipyridyl)dichloro ruthenium(II)hexahydrate(Ru(bpy)3Cl2)as the fluorescence indicator and iron(III)tetrasulfophthalocyanine(Fe(III)PcTs)as bionic enzyme.A lock-in amplifier was used for detecting the lifetime of the composite oxygen-sensitive film by measuring the phase delay of the sensor head.The different variables affecting the sensor performance were evaluated and optimized.Under the optimal conditions(i e,pH 6.0,25℃,Fe(III)PcTs concentration of 5.0×10^-5 mol/L),the linear detection range,detection limit and response time of the fiber optic sensor are 3.0×10^-7-9.0×10^-5 mol/L,4.8×10^-8 mol/L(S/N=3),and 220 s,respectively.The sensor displays high selectivity,good repeatability and stability,which have good potentials in analyzing DCP concentration in practical water samples.

Kinetics of 2,4-dichlorophenol dechlorination by Pd-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid

The remediation of groundwater which contains chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) by nanoscale bimetallic catalysts has received increasing interest in recent years. This report presents the dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by Pd-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid (HA) to investigate the feasibility of using Pd-Fe for the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater. Our experimental results indicated that HA had an adverse effect on the dechlorination of 2,4-DCP by Pd-Fe nanoparticles. The rate constant k values of 2,4-DCP dechlorination were 0.017, 0.013, 0.009, 0.006 and 0.004 min?1 for HA concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L, respectively. The relationship between HA dosage and k values can be described as a linear model.

蔗渣纤维素基Zn_(3)In_(2)S_(6)光催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚的研究

文章研究采用蔗渣纤维素和Zn_(3)In_(2)S_(6)为原料,通过化学交联法成功制备了蔗渣纤维素基Zn_(3)In_(2)S_(6)(SBC@ZIS)光催化剂,并利用SBC@ZIS光催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)。运用FT-IR、紫外可见漫反射、SEM-EDS、XPS和XRD对SBC@ZIS物理特性进行表征,并运用高效液相色谱和TOC分析SBC@ZIS降解2,4-DCP的性能。FT-IR和XRD结果证实了SBC与ZIS的结合未显著改变ZIS的结构。通过SEM-EDS表征发现,SBC载体上具有O、C、Zn、In和S元素,在XPS表征中,SBC@ZIS表现出与ZIS同样的衍射峰,两者表征均证明了ZIS很好地负载在SBC上。紫外可见漫反射表明ZIS固定于SBC后,其光吸收范围发生了红移,即从524 nm红移至600 nm,表明SBC@ZIS有利于提高ZIS在可见光下的吸收范围。通过单因素实验可知,在最优条件下,SBC@ZIS对2,4-DCP(50 mg/L)的降解率可达87%,相较于单独ZIS光催化提高了10个百分点。并且总有机碳的去除率达到了71%,相较于ZIS提高了17个百分点。将Zn_(3)In_(2)S_(6)负载于蔗渣纤维素上,有利于提高回收利用性和光催化性能,为2,4-DCP的高效降解提供一种新的思路。

“虾壳生物质炭活化过硫酸盐降解2,4-二氯酚”创新实验设计

将科研成果与创新创业实践教学相结合,设计实施创新综合探究实验,以虾壳为原料制备虾壳生物质炭,用于活化过硫酸盐降解2,4-二氯酚。实验结果表明,虾壳生物质炭在酸性和中性条件下可以有效活化过硫酸盐去除2,4-二氯酚,去除率可达96%。通过该实验,学生能够掌握纳米材料的制备、表征等基本实验技能,能够对数据进行处理和分析,树立“以废治废”理念,增强解决实际问题的能力,提高创新意识。

Sb掺杂Li_(2)SnO_(3)增加氧化电势提升2,4-DCP光催化降解的研究

本文通过固相法制备Sb掺杂Li_(2)SnO_(3)光催化剂并将其用于光催化降解2,4-DCP。通过粉末X射线多晶衍射技术(PXRD)、高分辨透射电镜(TEM)及扫描电镜(SEM)对合成的光催化剂分别进行了物相结构和表面形貌表征。光催化实验表明,Sb掺杂之后的样品具有较为优越的光催化性能,其在紫外光下12 min内,其降解率可达100%。然而母体Li_(2)SnO_(3)在同样的条件下,12 min内光催化降解率仅有58.20%。紫外漫反射吸收光谱表明,Sb掺杂之后,光学吸收带宽增加;时间分辨光谱测试表明,Sb掺杂后样品的光生载流子寿命下降。综合以上分析,光催化效率提升的原因,来自于其价带氧化电势的增强。自由基捕获实验表明,空穴(h+)和超氧阴离子自由基(O_(2)·-)是2,4-DCP降解过程中的主要活性自由基。本文的研究为半导体掺杂对光催化效率的提升提供重要的指导。

EGCG调节TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路对特应性皮炎大鼠Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的 探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对特应性皮炎(AD)大鼠的保护作用及潜在机制。方法 将SPF级SD大鼠分为对照(Control)组、AD模型(AD)组、AD+EGCG治疗(EGCG)组、AD+地塞米松阳性对照(DXM)组、AD+EGCG+TLR4激动剂(TLR4)组,每组18只。根据临床损伤严重程度计算皮肤损伤评分;ELISA检测炎症因子的表达;HE染色观察组织学变化;流式细胞仪分析Th1和Th2阳性细胞比例;Western blot检测TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路相关蛋白水平。结果 与Control组比较,AD组大鼠背部皮肤损伤程度较重,病理学损伤评分增加(P<0.05),白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)水平及Th1细胞百分比降低,白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-13(IL-13)水平及Th2细胞百分比升高(P<0.05),TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB蛋白水平升高(均P<0.05)。与AD组比较,EGCG组和DXM组大鼠皮肤损伤评分及皮肤损伤病理学评分降低,Th_1细胞百分比、IL-2、IFN-γ水平升高,IL-4、IL-13水平、Th_(2)阳性百分比、TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB蛋白水平下降(均P<0.05)。与EGCG组比较,DXM组大鼠皮肤损伤评分及皮肤损伤病理学评分、Th_1、Th_(2)细胞百分比、TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB蛋白水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),TLR4组大鼠皮损评分及皮肤损伤病理学评分升高,皮损组织中Th_1细胞百分比降低,Th_(2)阳性百分比及TLR4、MyD88、p-NF-κB蛋白水平上调(均P<0.05)。结论 EGCG可以通过TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路,维持Th1/Th2平衡来抑制炎症反应,进而降低AD的严重程度。

单原子Mn-N-C催化活化过一硫酸盐降解2,4-二氯苯酚

针对2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-Dichlorophenol,2,4-DCP)对环境污染的危害,急需开发一种清洁高效的处理方式。研究采用模板蚀刻法制备了锚定在氮掺杂碳上的Mn单原子催化剂(Mn-N-C),Mn原子以Mn—N_(x)的形式均匀地稳定在载体上,该结构增强了Mn-N-C材料的极化和电子传递。当Mn-N-C和PMS的投加量分别为50 mg/L和0.8 mmol/L时,在温度为25℃,pH=7.0的条件下,2,4-DCP在60 min内降解率为99.6%,拟一级反应速率常数k_(obs)=0.0786 min^(-1)。通过分析计算,Mn-N-C中Mn—N_(x)和N—(C)3结构活化PMS产生^(1)O_(2)和·O_(2)^(-),而后2,4-DCP主要由^(1)O_(2)通过羟基化、脱氯和开环反应降解,降解产物的毒性大幅降低。试验结果表明:Mn-N-C在活化PMS降解2,4-DCP显现出优异的催化活性;Mn-N-C/PMS体系具有一定抗干扰能力、优异的稳定性和可重复使用性,为实际废水中2,4-DCP的处理提供了一种有效方法。

High-performance,stable CoNi LDH@Ni foam composite membrane with innovative peroxymonosulfate activation for 2,4-dichlorophenol destruction

In this study,the cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxides(CoNi LDH)were synthesized with a variety of Co/Ni mass ratio,as CoxNiyLDHs.In comparison,Co1Ni3LDH presented the best peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation efficiency for 2,4-dichlorophenol removal.Meanwhile,CoNi LDH@Nickel foam(CoNi LDH@NF)composite membrane was constructed for enhancing the stability of catalytic performance.Herein,CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system exerted high degradation efficiency of 99.22%within 90 min for 2,4-DCP when[PMS]_(0)=0.4 g/L,Co^(1)Ni^(3)LDH@NF=2 cm×2 cm(0.2 g/L),reaction temperature=298 K.For the surface morphology and structure of the catalyst,it was demonstrated that the CoNi LDH@NF composite membrane possessed abundant cavity structure,good specific surface area and sufficient active sites.Importantly,·OH,SO_(4)·^(-)and^(1)O_(2)played the primary role in the CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system for 2,4-DCP decomposition,which revealed the PMS activation mechanism in CoNi LDH@NF-PMS system.Hence,this study eliminated the stability and adaptability of CoNi LDH@NF composite membrane,proposing a new theoretical basis of PMS heterogeneous catalysts selection.

Fe/Co双金属材料活化过一硫酸盐氧化降解水中2,4-D

为了处理有机氯除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)造成的环境污染,本研究采用液相还原法制备了铁钴双金属纳米颗粒(n-Fe/Co),并通过Fe、Co的合成比例优化了活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)体系对2,4-D的降解性能。结果表明:在pH为4.5的条件下,使用0.03 g·L^(-1)的n-Fe/Co和0.5 mmol·L^(-1)的PMS,2,4-D(10 mg·L^(-1))在30 min内完全去除,与单纯的纳米零价铁(nZVI)相比,2,4-D的去除率提升了60.9个百分点。n-Fe/Co可以在很宽的pH范围(2~9)和复杂的阴离子条件下有效去除2,4-D。自由基抑制实验表明羟基自由基是参与反应的主要活性物种(贡献率达到62.2%)。在中间产物分析的基础上,提出了2,4-D在n-Fe/Co-PMS体系中的降解机理和降解途径。研究表明,n-Fe/Co复合材料活化PMS系统在处理水中的2,4-D除草剂污染方面有很大的应用前景。

褪黑素及2,4-表油菜素内酯复合处理对阳光玫瑰葡萄贮藏品质的影响

阳光玫瑰葡萄在贮藏过程中易出现脱粒、坏果、褐变等影响果实货架期的问题,研究褪黑素与2,4-表油菜素内酯对其采后贮藏品质的影响可为延长阳光玫瑰葡萄货架期提供理论参考。以阳光玫瑰葡萄为材料,分别使用200μmol/L褪黑素、5μmol/L 2,4-表油菜素内酯及两者复合对葡萄进行浸泡25 min处理,于(4±0.5)℃冷藏,每7 d对果穗品质、还原糖含量、可滴定酸、果实褐变率、果梗色差、丙二醛含量、相对电导率指标进行测定,并在第0天和第56天观察果梗微观结构。结果表明,褪黑素、2,4-表油菜素内酯和褪黑素与两者复合处理都能显著抑制果穗坏果、失重、果实和果梗褐变、果梗膜脂过氧化程度,有效保持果梗微观结构完整性,使还原糖和可滴定酸处于较高含量,其中复合处理组在贮藏后期有更好的效果。由此说明,采后褪黑素与2,4-表油菜素内酯复合处理可有效降低葡萄果穗水分及营养成分丧失,保持果实与果梗采后贮藏品质。