Genetic manipulation(either restraint or enhancement)of the biosynthesis pathway ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)in seed oil is an important goal in Brassica napus breeding.B.napus is a tetraploid plant whose genome often har...Genetic manipulation(either restraint or enhancement)of the biosynthesis pathway ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)in seed oil is an important goal in Brassica napus breeding.B.napus is a tetraploid plant whose genome often har-bors four and six homologous copies,respectively,of the two fatty acid desaturases FAD2 and FAD3,which con-trol the last two steps of ALA biosynthesis during seed oil accumulation.In this study,we compared their promoters,coding sequences,and expression levels in three high-ALA inbred lines 2006L,R8Q10,and YH25005,a low-ALA line A28,a low-ALA/high-oleic-acid accession SW,and the wildtype ZS11.The expression levels of most FAD2 and FAD3 homologs in the three high-ALA accessions were higher than those in ZS11 and much higher than those in A28 and SW.The three high-ALA accessions shared similar sequences with the pro-moters and CDSs of BnFAD3.C4 and BnFAD3.A3.In A28 and SW,substitution of three amino acid residues in BnFAD2.A5 and BnFAD2.C5,an absence of BnFAD2.C1 locus,and a 549 bp long deletion on the BnFAD3.A3 promoter were detected.The profile of BnFAD2 mutation in the two low-ALA accessions A28 and SW is different from that reported in previous studies.The mutations in BnFAD3 in the high-ALA accessions are reported for thefirst time.In identifying the sites of these mutations,we provide detailed information to aid the design of mole-cular markers for accelerated breeding schemes.展开更多
Tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)/ZrO_(2))solid acid catalysts with different WO_(3) contents were prepared by a hydrothermal method and then used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Xinjiang.The WO_(3)/ZrO_(2...Tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)/ZrO_(2))solid acid catalysts with different WO_(3) contents were prepared by a hydrothermal method and then used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Xinjiang.The WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalyst was characterized by a range of characterization methods,including X-ray diffraction,NH3-temperature programmed desorption,and pyridine infrared spectroscopy.The WO_(3) content of the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) catalysts had an important impact on the structure and property of the catalysts.When the WO_(3) mass fraction was 20%,it facilitated the formation of tetragonal zirconia,thereby enhancing the creation of robust acidic sites.Acidity is considered to have a strong impact on the catalytic performance of the aquathermolysis of heavy oil.When the catalyst containing 20%WO_(3) was used to catalyze the aquathermolysis of heavy oil under conditions of 14.5 MPa,340℃,and 24 h,the viscosity of heavy oil decreased from 47266 to 5398 mPa·s and the viscosity reduction rate reached 88.6%.The physicochemical properties of heavy oil before and after the aquathermolysis were analyzed using a saturates,aromatics,resins,and asphaltenes analysis,gas chromatography,elemental analysis,densimeter etc.After the aquathermolysis,the saturate and aromatic contents significantly increased from 43.3%to 48.35%and 19.47%to 21.88%,respectively,with large reductions in the content of resin and asphaltene from 28.22%to 25.06%and 5.36%to 2.03%,respectively.The sulfur and nitrogen contents,and the density of the oil were significantly decreased.These factors were likely the main reasons for promoting the viscosity reduction of heavy oil during the aquathermolysis over the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalysts.展开更多
Background:Oleanolic acid(OA),a pentacyclic triterpenoid exhibiting specific anti-cancer properties and highly effective antioxidant activity,was isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Conversely,the OA that...Background:Oleanolic acid(OA),a pentacyclic triterpenoid exhibiting specific anti-cancer properties and highly effective antioxidant activity,was isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Conversely,the OA that impacts colon cancer(CC)cells and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods:The cytotoxic effect of OA alone or OA-5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)combination on normal and CC cells was analyzed by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT).Then,the impact of OA on CC cell lines(LoVo and HT-29)proliferation and stemness were measured using colon formation and tumorsphere formation assays.Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct4),Prominin-1(CD133),Nanog,and transcription factor SOX-2(SOX2)are cell stemness-related indicators whose expression was assessed usingfluorescence qPCR assay,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.The effect of OA on the proliferative potency of CC cells was evaluated using an in vivo model.Results:The stem-like characteristics and clone production of colon cancer cells were markedly reduced by OA alone or in combination with OA-5-FU.Moreover,OA increases the susceptibility of CC cells to 5-FU by blocking the cell stemness-related markers(CD133,Nanog,SOX2,and Oct4)expression levels both in vitro and in vivo,as well as by inactivating the activator of transcription 3(STAT3 signaling)and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer(JAK2).Conclusion:Thesefindings imply that oleanolic acid,both in vitro and in vivo,suppresses the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which in turn reverses chemoresistance and decreases colon cancer cell stemness.Therefore,by reducing the recommended amount of 5-FU,this strategy may improve chemotherapeutic effectiveness and minimize undesired side effects.展开更多
Recently,SnPS_(3) has gained attention as an impressive sodium-ion battery anode material because of its significant theoretical specific capacity derived from the conversion-alloying reaction mechanism.Nevertheless,i...Recently,SnPS_(3) has gained attention as an impressive sodium-ion battery anode material because of its significant theoretical specific capacity derived from the conversion-alloying reaction mechanism.Nevertheless,its practical applicability is restricted by insufficient rate ability,and severe capacity loss due to inadequate electrical conductivity and dramatic volume expansion.Inspired by the electrochemical enhancement effect of MXene substrates and the innovative Lewis acidic etching for MXene preparation,SnPS_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene(T=-Cl and-O) is constructed by synchronously phospho-sulfurizing Sn/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) precursor.Benefiting from the boosted Na^(+) diffusion and electron transfer rates,as well as the mitigated stress expansion,the synthesized SnPS_(3/)Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) composite demonstrates enhanced rate capability(647 mA h g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1)) alongside satisfactory long-term cycling stability(capacity retention of 94.6% after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1)).Importantly,the assembled sodium-ion full cell delivers an impressive capacity retention of 97.7% after undergoing 1500 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Moreover,the sodium storage mechanism of the SnPS_(3/)Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) electrode is elucidated through in-situ and ex-situ characterizations.This work proposes a novel approach to ameliorate the energy storage performance of thiophosphites by facile in-situ construction of composites with MXene.展开更多
The significant decrease of acid sites caused by alkali metal poisoning is the major factor in the deactivation of commercial V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/TiO_(2)NH_(3)-SCR catalysts.In this work,the solid superacid SO_(4)^(2-)-...The significant decrease of acid sites caused by alkali metal poisoning is the major factor in the deactivation of commercial V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/TiO_(2)NH_(3)-SCR catalysts.In this work,the solid superacid SO_(4)^(2-)-TiO_(2) modified by sulfate radicals,was selected as the catalyst support,which showed superior potassium resistance.The physicochemical properties and K-poisoning resistance of the V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/SO_(4)^(2-)-TiO_(2)(VWSTi) catalyst were carried out by XRD,BET,H2-TPR,NH3-TPD,XPS,in situ DRIFTS and TG.The results pointed out that the introduction of SO_(4)^(2-)significantly increased the NH3-SCR catalytic activity at high temperatures,with an exceptionally high NO_(x) conversion over 90% between 275℃ and 500℃.When 0.5%(mass) K_(2)O was doped on the catalysts,the catalytic performance of the traditional V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/TiO_(2)(VWTi) catalyst decreased significantly,while the VWSTi catalyst could still maintain a NOxconversion over 90%in the range of 300–500℃.The characterizations suggested that the support of SO_(4)^(2-)-TiO_(2) greatly increased the number of acidic sites,thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of the reactant NH_(3).The results above demonstrated a potential approach to achieve superior potassium resistance for NH3-SCR catalysts using solid superacid.展开更多
基金The study was financially supported by Projects from Shaanxi Province(2021LLRH-07-03-01 and 2023-ZDLNY-07)Yangling Seed Industry Innovation(YLzy-yc2021-01).The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Genetic manipulation(either restraint or enhancement)of the biosynthesis pathway ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)in seed oil is an important goal in Brassica napus breeding.B.napus is a tetraploid plant whose genome often har-bors four and six homologous copies,respectively,of the two fatty acid desaturases FAD2 and FAD3,which con-trol the last two steps of ALA biosynthesis during seed oil accumulation.In this study,we compared their promoters,coding sequences,and expression levels in three high-ALA inbred lines 2006L,R8Q10,and YH25005,a low-ALA line A28,a low-ALA/high-oleic-acid accession SW,and the wildtype ZS11.The expression levels of most FAD2 and FAD3 homologs in the three high-ALA accessions were higher than those in ZS11 and much higher than those in A28 and SW.The three high-ALA accessions shared similar sequences with the pro-moters and CDSs of BnFAD3.C4 and BnFAD3.A3.In A28 and SW,substitution of three amino acid residues in BnFAD2.A5 and BnFAD2.C5,an absence of BnFAD2.C1 locus,and a 549 bp long deletion on the BnFAD3.A3 promoter were detected.The profile of BnFAD2 mutation in the two low-ALA accessions A28 and SW is different from that reported in previous studies.The mutations in BnFAD3 in the high-ALA accessions are reported for thefirst time.In identifying the sites of these mutations,we provide detailed information to aid the design of mole-cular markers for accelerated breeding schemes.
基金the financial support from the Open Fund Project of the National Oil Shale Exploitation Research and Development Center,China(No.33550000-22-ZC0613-0255)the Graduate Student Innovation and Practical Ability Training Program of Xi’an Shiyou University(No.YCS23213098)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274039)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Program No.2024JC-YBMS-085)the CNPC Innovation Found(No.2022DQ02-0402)The authors also thank the Modern Analysis and Test Center of Xi’an Shiyou University for their help with the characterization of catalysts and analysis of products.
文摘Tungstated zirconia(WO_(3)/ZrO_(2))solid acid catalysts with different WO_(3) contents were prepared by a hydrothermal method and then used in the catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Xinjiang.The WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalyst was characterized by a range of characterization methods,including X-ray diffraction,NH3-temperature programmed desorption,and pyridine infrared spectroscopy.The WO_(3) content of the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) catalysts had an important impact on the structure and property of the catalysts.When the WO_(3) mass fraction was 20%,it facilitated the formation of tetragonal zirconia,thereby enhancing the creation of robust acidic sites.Acidity is considered to have a strong impact on the catalytic performance of the aquathermolysis of heavy oil.When the catalyst containing 20%WO_(3) was used to catalyze the aquathermolysis of heavy oil under conditions of 14.5 MPa,340℃,and 24 h,the viscosity of heavy oil decreased from 47266 to 5398 mPa·s and the viscosity reduction rate reached 88.6%.The physicochemical properties of heavy oil before and after the aquathermolysis were analyzed using a saturates,aromatics,resins,and asphaltenes analysis,gas chromatography,elemental analysis,densimeter etc.After the aquathermolysis,the saturate and aromatic contents significantly increased from 43.3%to 48.35%and 19.47%to 21.88%,respectively,with large reductions in the content of resin and asphaltene from 28.22%to 25.06%and 5.36%to 2.03%,respectively.The sulfur and nitrogen contents,and the density of the oil were significantly decreased.These factors were likely the main reasons for promoting the viscosity reduction of heavy oil during the aquathermolysis over the WO_(3)/ZrO_(2) solid acid catalysts.
基金The work was supported by grants from the Scientific Research Projects of Medical and Health Institutions of Longhua District,Shenzhen(2021016)Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20210324125803008).
文摘Background:Oleanolic acid(OA),a pentacyclic triterpenoid exhibiting specific anti-cancer properties and highly effective antioxidant activity,was isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Conversely,the OA that impacts colon cancer(CC)cells and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods:The cytotoxic effect of OA alone or OA-5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)combination on normal and CC cells was analyzed by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT).Then,the impact of OA on CC cell lines(LoVo and HT-29)proliferation and stemness were measured using colon formation and tumorsphere formation assays.Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct4),Prominin-1(CD133),Nanog,and transcription factor SOX-2(SOX2)are cell stemness-related indicators whose expression was assessed usingfluorescence qPCR assay,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.The effect of OA on the proliferative potency of CC cells was evaluated using an in vivo model.Results:The stem-like characteristics and clone production of colon cancer cells were markedly reduced by OA alone or in combination with OA-5-FU.Moreover,OA increases the susceptibility of CC cells to 5-FU by blocking the cell stemness-related markers(CD133,Nanog,SOX2,and Oct4)expression levels both in vitro and in vivo,as well as by inactivating the activator of transcription 3(STAT3 signaling)and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer(JAK2).Conclusion:Thesefindings imply that oleanolic acid,both in vitro and in vivo,suppresses the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which in turn reverses chemoresistance and decreases colon cancer cell stemness.Therefore,by reducing the recommended amount of 5-FU,this strategy may improve chemotherapeutic effectiveness and minimize undesired side effects.
基金financially National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 22265018)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant Number: 20232ACB204010)。
文摘Recently,SnPS_(3) has gained attention as an impressive sodium-ion battery anode material because of its significant theoretical specific capacity derived from the conversion-alloying reaction mechanism.Nevertheless,its practical applicability is restricted by insufficient rate ability,and severe capacity loss due to inadequate electrical conductivity and dramatic volume expansion.Inspired by the electrochemical enhancement effect of MXene substrates and the innovative Lewis acidic etching for MXene preparation,SnPS_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene(T=-Cl and-O) is constructed by synchronously phospho-sulfurizing Sn/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) precursor.Benefiting from the boosted Na^(+) diffusion and electron transfer rates,as well as the mitigated stress expansion,the synthesized SnPS_(3/)Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) composite demonstrates enhanced rate capability(647 mA h g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1)) alongside satisfactory long-term cycling stability(capacity retention of 94.6% after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1)).Importantly,the assembled sodium-ion full cell delivers an impressive capacity retention of 97.7% after undergoing 1500 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).Moreover,the sodium storage mechanism of the SnPS_(3/)Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) electrode is elucidated through in-situ and ex-situ characterizations.This work proposes a novel approach to ameliorate the energy storage performance of thiophosphites by facile in-situ construction of composites with MXene.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22108184)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021TQ0221)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2021JDRC0117)Chengdu Science and Technology Program (2021-YF05-00378-SN)。
文摘The significant decrease of acid sites caused by alkali metal poisoning is the major factor in the deactivation of commercial V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/TiO_(2)NH_(3)-SCR catalysts.In this work,the solid superacid SO_(4)^(2-)-TiO_(2) modified by sulfate radicals,was selected as the catalyst support,which showed superior potassium resistance.The physicochemical properties and K-poisoning resistance of the V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/SO_(4)^(2-)-TiO_(2)(VWSTi) catalyst were carried out by XRD,BET,H2-TPR,NH3-TPD,XPS,in situ DRIFTS and TG.The results pointed out that the introduction of SO_(4)^(2-)significantly increased the NH3-SCR catalytic activity at high temperatures,with an exceptionally high NO_(x) conversion over 90% between 275℃ and 500℃.When 0.5%(mass) K_(2)O was doped on the catalysts,the catalytic performance of the traditional V_(2)O_(5)-WO_(3)/TiO_(2)(VWTi) catalyst decreased significantly,while the VWSTi catalyst could still maintain a NOxconversion over 90%in the range of 300–500℃.The characterizations suggested that the support of SO_(4)^(2-)-TiO_(2) greatly increased the number of acidic sites,thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of the reactant NH_(3).The results above demonstrated a potential approach to achieve superior potassium resistance for NH3-SCR catalysts using solid superacid.
