Effect of lateral heterogeneity on 2-D Rayleigh wave ZH ratio sensitivity kernels based on the adjoint method: Synthetic and inversion examples

The ratio between vertical and radial amplitudes of Rayleigh waves(hereafter,the Rayleigh wave ZH ratio)is an important parameter used to constrain structures beneath seismic stations.Some previous studies have explored crust and upper mantle structures by joint inversion of the Rayleigh wave ZH ratio and surface wave dispersion.However,all these studies have used a 1-D depth sensitivity kernel,and this kernel may lack precision when the structure varies a great deal laterally.Here,we present a systematic investigation of the two-dimensional(2-D)Rayleigh wave ZH ratio kernel based on the adjoint-wavefield method and perform two synthetic tests using the new kernel.The 2-D ZH ratio kernel is consistent with the traditional 1-D sensitivity kernel but has an asymmetric pattern with a preferred orientation toward the source.The predominant effect caused by heterogeneity can clearly be seen from kernels calculated from models with 2-D heterogeneities,which confirms the necessity of using the new 2-D kernel in some complex regions.Inversion tests using synthetic data show that the 2-D ZH ratio kernel has the potential to resolve small anomalies as well as complex lateral structures.

Analysis of Cavitation Performance of a 2-D Hydrofoil Based on Mixed-iterative Method

In order to study cavitation characteristics of a 2-D hydrofoil, the method that combines nonlinear cavitation model and mixed-iteration is used to predict and analyze the cavitation performance of hydrofoils. The cavitation elements are nonlinearly disposed based on the Green formula and perturbation potential panel method. At the same time, the method that combines cavity shape for fixed cavity length （CSCL） iteration and cavity shape for fixed cavitation number （CSCN） iteration is used to work out the thickness and length of hydrofoil cavitations. Through analysis of calculation results, it can be concluded that the jump of pressure and velocity potentially exist between cavitation end area and non-cavitations area on suction surface when cavitation occurs on hydrofoil. In certain angles of attack, the cavitation number has a negative impact on the length of cavitations. And under the same angle of attack and cavitation number, the bigger the thickness of the hydrofoil, the shorter the cavitations length.

SOLVING THE VELOCITY PARAMETER OF THE 2-D WAVE INVERSE PROBLEMS WITH THE INTEGRATION-CHARACTERISTIC METHOD

For the 2-D wave inverse problems introduced from geophysical exploration, in this paper, the author presents integration-characteristic method to solve the velocity parameter, and then applies it to common shotpoint model data, in noise-free case. The accuracy is quite good.

A Two-step Inverse Method for Quantitative Damage Evaluation of Plate-like Structures Using Vibration Approach

This study presents a novel two-step approach to assess plate-like structural laminar damages,particularly for delamination damage detection of composite structures.Firstly,a 2-D continuous wavelet transform is employed to identify the damage location and sizes from vibration curvature data.An inverse method is subsequently then used to determine the bending stiffness reduction ratio along a specified direction,enabling the quantification of the delamination severity.The method employed in this study is an extension of the one-dimensional inverse method developed in a previous work of the authors.The applicability of the two-step inverse approach is demonstrated in a simulation analysis and by an experimental study on a cantilever composite plate containing a single delamination.The inverse method is shown to have the capacity to reveal the detailed damage information of delamination within a constrained searching space and can be used to determine the effective flexural stiffness of composite plate structures,even in cases of complex delamination damage.

A Survey on the Stability of 2-D Discrete Systems Described by Fornasini-Marchesini Second Model

A key issue of practical importance in the two-dimensional (2-D) discrete system is stability analysis. Linear state-space models describing 2-D discrete systems have been proposed by several researchers. A popular model, called Forna- sini-Marchesini (FM) second model was proposed by Fornasini and Marchesini in 1978. The aim of this paper is to present a survey of the existing literature on the stability of FM second model.

Non-Fragile Controller Design for 2-D Discrete Uncertain Systems Described by the Roesser Model

This paper is concerned with the design problem of non-fragile controller for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete uncertain systems described by the Roesser model. The parametric uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded. The aim of this paper is to design a memoryless non-fragile state feedback control law such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable for all admissible parameter uncertainties and controller gain variations. A new linear matrix inequality (LMI) based sufficient condition for the existence of such controllers is established. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.

Robust Suboptimal Guaranteed Cost Control for 2-D Discrete Systems Described by Fornasini-Marchesini First Model

This paper considers the guaranteed cost control problem for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) uncertain discrete systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini (FM) first model with norm-bounded uncertainties. New linear matrix inequality (LMI) based characterizations are presented for the existence of static-state feedback guaranteed cost controller which guarantees not only the asymptotic stability of closed loop systems, but also an adequate performance bound over all the admissible parameter uncertainties. Moreover, a convex optimization problem is formulated to select the suboptimal guaranteed cost controller which minimizes the upper bound of the closed-loop cost function.

Robust Non-Fragile Control of 2-D Discrete Uncertain Systems: An LMI Approach

This paper considers the problem of robust non-fragile control for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete uncertain systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini second local state-space (FMSLSS) model under controller gain variations. The parameter uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. The problem to be addressed is the design of non-fragile robust controllers via state feedback such that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable for all admissible parameter uncertainties and controller gain variations. A sufficient condition for the existence of such controllers is derived based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach combined with the Lyapunov method. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to show the contribution of the main result.

LMI Approach to Suboptimal Guaranteed Cost Control for 2-D Discrete Uncertain Systems

This paper studies the problem of the guaranteed cost control via static-state feedback controllers for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini second local state-space (FMSLSS) model with norm bounded uncertainties. A convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints is formulated to design the suboptimal guaranteed cost controller which ensures the quadratic stability of the closed-loop system and minimizes the associated closed-loop cost function. Application of the proposed controller design method is illustrated with the help of one example.

Two-Dimensional Riemann Problems:Transonic Shock Waves and Free Boundary Problems

We are concerned with global solutions of multidimensional(M-D)Riemann problems for nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws,focusing on their global configurations and structures.We present some recent developments in the rigorous analysis of two-dimensional(2-D)Riemann problems involving transonic shock waves through several prototypes of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws and discuss some further M-D Riemann problems and related problems for nonlinear partial differential equations.In particular,we present four different 2-D Riemann problems through these prototypes of hyperbolic systems and show how these Riemann problems can be reformulated/solved as free boundary problems with transonic shock waves as free boundaries for the corresponding nonlinear conservation laws of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type and related nonlinear partial differential equations.

二维亚波长结构对OLED光抽出特性的FDTD模拟研究

有机发光二极管(OLED)发光效率很大程度上受到器件中高折射率材料(ITO/有机物)对导波光能量的制约。通过使用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,对在OLED中的氧化铟与氧化锡复合透明阳极ITO结构上覆盖二维正方以及三角排列SiNx圆柱光子晶体厚膜(PCS)的结构进行了数值模拟,并对这种全新结构对于提高束缚于高折射率材料中的光的抽取效率的效果进行了分析,并给出了最优化的几何参数。

二维光子晶体偏振分束器的优化设计

为解决二维光子晶体在光束调整和光束偏转中的应用,采用有限时域差分法和完全匹配层吸收边界条件,通过在结构中引入消反层,从理论上实现基于二维光子晶体的偏振分束器。优化计算表明,通过随光频的改变调节消反层参数,可以实现TE模超过95%的光发生透射,TM模超过95%的光发生反射,从而使TM模与TE模分离。引入消反层的偏振分束器具有尺寸小、透射率高、分束角大和偏振分束率高等优点,在高密度集成光通信系统中有广泛的应用。

一种雷电感应过电压的快速算法及其精度检验

本文基于B-P方程、Rusck方程和Agrwal耦合模型,开发出一种架空线雷电感应过电压的时域快速算法。利用该算法研究了不同参数对雷电感应过电压的影响,并利用2-D FDTD算法对其计算精度进行全面检验。结果表明:(1)首次回击电流产生的感应过电压的峰值较大,波头陡度小;继后回击电流产生的感应过电压的峰值较小,而波头陡度更大。(2)地面电导率σ对感应过电压的幅值和极性影响较大。架空线路中点处的感应过电压峰值与地面电导率呈负相关,而端点处的感应过电压峰值与地面电导率呈正相关,并且在电导率较低(σ=0.001 S/m)时波形表现出双极性特征。(3)架空线路中点和端点处的感应过电压峰值均随线路高度h增大而增大。(4)在闪电通道50~1000 m范围内,本文算法模拟出的感应过电压波形与2-D FDTD的结果基本一致,且峰值计算误差均小于5%。综上,由于本文算法计算时间仅需10 s并具有较高的计算精度,有利于在防雷工程中推广应用。

雷击高塔对多导体架空配电线感应过电压的影响

为了研究雷击高塔时多导体架空配电线路感应过电压特征,基于高塔传输线模型建立了2维时域有限差分算法,计算雷击高塔时产生的空间电磁场,并结合Agrawal耦合模型计算了2种典型结构(水平和垂直结构)多导体架空配电线上的感应过电压。算法精度通过与相关文献结果的对比得以验证,利用该算法对比分析了雷击地面和雷击高塔时的感应过电压,并讨论了水平距离、塔高、电导率和屏蔽线等因素的影响。结果表明:与雷击平坦地面相比,雷击高塔时2种结构的线路感应过电压波形产生了明显振荡,幅值也显著变大;对于2种结构的线路感应过电压,其幅值均随着距回击通道水平距离的增加而减小、随土壤电导率的减小而增大;当塔高小于水平距离时,线路过电压幅值与塔高成正相关关系。另外,屏蔽线的存在会明显降低线路端点的感应过电压幅值,水平多导体架空线中间位置的线路、垂直多导体架空线最靠近屏蔽线的线路受屏蔽作用最明显。该研究结论可为改进架空线路的防雷设计提供理论参考。

雷电水平电场时域近似算法研究及精度验证

雷电水平电场是计算雷电感应过电压的关键参数。为了准确高效的求解出雷电水平电场,利用Barbosa和Paulino所提出的雷电水平电场时域近似算法（B-P方程）对距离闪电通道100~1 000 m范围内雷电水平电场进行模拟,分析了不同雷电参数及大地电参数对水平电场特性所产生的影响,并应用2-D FDTD方法对B-P方程的精度进行检验。结果表明：若模拟中地面电导率σ设置越低、观测点距地面高度h设置越低、观测点到闪击点距离r0设置越远、回击速度v设置越大时,电磁场所包含的高频分量比重越大,模拟出水平电场波形的双极性特征越明显;相比于首次回击电流,当模拟中采用继后回击电流时,模拟出水平电场波形的双极性特征更明显;除了电导率σ较低时（σ≤0.001 S/m）B-P方程的计算精度会受传播效应的影响外,其模拟出的水平电场波形与2-D FDTD的模拟结果基本一致,且B-P方程的峰值计算误差均在±5%之内。综上,由于B-P方程的计算时间仅为0.01 s左右,因此在提高计算效率的同时能保证较好的计算精度。

A 2-D HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL FOR THE RIVER,LAKE AND NETWORK SYSTEM IN THE JINGJIANG REACH ON THE UNSTRUCTURED QUADRANGLES

The main river, the Dongting Lake and river networks in the Jingjiang reach of the Yangtze River constitute a complex water system, for which a full 2-D hydrodynamic model is established instead of the traditional 1-D or compound models for simulation of such complex systems, based on the latest developments of computer technologies and numerical methods. To better handle irregular boundaries and keep the computation cost well in a reasonable limit, unstructured grids of moderate scale are used. In addition, a dynamic boundary tracking method is proposed to simulate variable flow domains at different floods, especially, when the moderate scale gird can not describe flows in narrow river-network channels at low water levels. The t9 semi-implicit method and the Eulerian-Lagrangian Method （ELM） are adopted, which make the model unconditionally stable with respect to the gravity wave speed and Courant number restrictions. Properties and efficiency of the model are discussed, and it is concluded that the new model is robust and efficient enough for the simulation of a big, complex water system. Validation tests show that the simulation results agree well with field data. It takes about 0.96 h to complete the computation of a 76 d flood, which indicates that the model is efficient enough for engineering applications.

一种可用于分析任意介电常数张量的各向异性波导导模的二维时域有限差分模型

为分析具有任意介电常数张量的各向异性波导的导模，本文通过把简化的二维时域有限差分（２－ＤＦＤＴＤ）法扩展至任意各向异性介质，提出了一种以Ｄ、Ｅ和Ｈ场为基础的统一的简化２－ＤＦＤＴＤ模型．利用该模型，研究了简化的复数２－ＤＦＤＴＤ方法与实变数２－ＤＦＤＴＤ方法之间的关系．文中还讨论了复变数方法和实变数方法的激励技术．

Lattice Boltzmann method for Casimir invariant of two-dimensional turbulence

The Casimir invariants of the 2-D turbulence are investigated by the lattice Boltzmann method. A coarse-graining approach is used, that allows to resolve the flux of the Casimir invariant in scale and in space. It is found that the flux of the enstrophy cascades to small scales and the direction cascade of the energy flux is upscaled. Moveover, the probability distribution function （PDF） of the enstrophy flux gives a clear evidence that the enstrophy cascades to smaller scales. Finally, the behavior of the cascade of the high-order Casimir invariants Zn is discussed. The flux of the fourth-order Casimir invariant Z4 cascades to small scales. The flux of Zn has a logarithmic relationship with the scale, that is,∏ 1^zn - l^ζn （n = 2,4,6）.

Combined Electromagnetic and Drift Diffusion Models for Microwave Semiconductor Device

In this work, we present a numerical model to solve the drift diffusion equations coupled with electromagnetic model, where all simulations codes are implemented using MATLAB code software. As first, we present a one-dimensional (1-D) PIN diode structure simulation achieved by solving the drift diffusion model (DDM). Backward Euler algorithm is used for the discretization of the proposed model. The aim is to accomplish time-domain integration. Also, finite different method (FDM) is considered to achieve space-Domain mesh. We introduced an iterative scheme to solve the obtained matrix systems, which combines the Gummel’s iteration with an efficient direct numerical UMFPACK method. The obtained solutions of the proposed algorithm provide the time and space distribution of the unknown functions like electrostatic potential and carrier’s concentration for the PIN diode. As second case, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is adopted to analyze the entire 3-D structure of the stripline circuit including the lumped element PIN diode. The microwave circuit is located in an unbounded medium, requiring absorbing boundaries to avoid nonphysical reflections. Active device results were presented and show a good agreement with other reference. Electromagnetic results are qualitatively in agreement with other results obtained using SILVACO-TCAD.

Compressive Behavior of Wood-based 2-D Lattice Structure under Multivariable Analysis

In order to optimize the out-of-plane compression performance of the wood structure,wood-based 2-D lattice structures were designed and manufactured with oriented strand board as the panel and birch round stick as the core by using a simple insert-glue method.In this experiment,the different thicknesses of the upper and lower panels,the different shavings arrangement directions of the upper and lower panels and the different configurations of the specimens were used to analyze the compression performance of the specimens under multivariable conditions.Through the combination of experimental test and theoretical analysis,we analyzed and compared different failure types of the structure and multiple compression parameters.The results showed that the shavings arrangement direction of the panel has a more important influence on the whole specimen than the thickness of the panel,especially the transverse shavings of the panel can withstand greater shear stress than the longitudinal shavings for a specimen.