Effect of lateral heterogeneity on 2-D Rayleigh wave ZH ratio sensitivity kernels based on the adjoint method: Synthetic and inversion examples

The ratio between vertical and radial amplitudes of Rayleigh waves(hereafter,the Rayleigh wave ZH ratio)is an important parameter used to constrain structures beneath seismic stations.Some previous studies have explored crust and upper mantle structures by joint inversion of the Rayleigh wave ZH ratio and surface wave dispersion.However,all these studies have used a 1-D depth sensitivity kernel,and this kernel may lack precision when the structure varies a great deal laterally.Here,we present a systematic investigation of the two-dimensional(2-D)Rayleigh wave ZH ratio kernel based on the adjoint-wavefield method and perform two synthetic tests using the new kernel.The 2-D ZH ratio kernel is consistent with the traditional 1-D sensitivity kernel but has an asymmetric pattern with a preferred orientation toward the source.The predominant effect caused by heterogeneity can clearly be seen from kernels calculated from models with 2-D heterogeneities,which confirms the necessity of using the new 2-D kernel in some complex regions.Inversion tests using synthetic data show that the 2-D ZH ratio kernel has the potential to resolve small anomalies as well as complex lateral structures.

Analysis of Cavitation Performance of a 2-D Hydrofoil Based on Mixed-iterative Method

In order to study cavitation characteristics of a 2-D hydrofoil, the method that combines nonlinear cavitation model and mixed-iteration is used to predict and analyze the cavitation performance of hydrofoils. The cavitation elements are nonlinearly disposed based on the Green formula and perturbation potential panel method. At the same time, the method that combines cavity shape for fixed cavity length （CSCL） iteration and cavity shape for fixed cavitation number （CSCN） iteration is used to work out the thickness and length of hydrofoil cavitations. Through analysis of calculation results, it can be concluded that the jump of pressure and velocity potentially exist between cavitation end area and non-cavitations area on suction surface when cavitation occurs on hydrofoil. In certain angles of attack, the cavitation number has a negative impact on the length of cavitations. And under the same angle of attack and cavitation number, the bigger the thickness of the hydrofoil, the shorter the cavitations length.

SOLVING THE VELOCITY PARAMETER OF THE 2-D WAVE INVERSE PROBLEMS WITH THE INTEGRATION-CHARACTERISTIC METHOD

For the 2-D wave inverse problems introduced from geophysical exploration, in this paper, the author presents integration-characteristic method to solve the velocity parameter, and then applies it to common shotpoint model data, in noise-free case. The accuracy is quite good.

A Two-step Inverse Method for Quantitative Damage Evaluation of Plate-like Structures Using Vibration Approach

This study presents a novel two-step approach to assess plate-like structural laminar damages,particularly for delamination damage detection of composite structures.Firstly,a 2-D continuous wavelet transform is employed to identify the damage location and sizes from vibration curvature data.An inverse method is subsequently then used to determine the bending stiffness reduction ratio along a specified direction,enabling the quantification of the delamination severity.The method employed in this study is an extension of the one-dimensional inverse method developed in a previous work of the authors.The applicability of the two-step inverse approach is demonstrated in a simulation analysis and by an experimental study on a cantilever composite plate containing a single delamination.The inverse method is shown to have the capacity to reveal the detailed damage information of delamination within a constrained searching space and can be used to determine the effective flexural stiffness of composite plate structures,even in cases of complex delamination damage.

基于改进的2D Otsu方法和YCgCr空间的肤色分割

为了弥补基于固定阈值的肤色分割方法存在的缺陷,在对多种彩色空间和肤色模型进行分析的基础上,提出采用改进的2-D Otsu方法和YC_gC_r彩色空间进行肤色分割。首先将光照补偿之后的肤色样本图像从RGB彩色空间转换到YC_gC_r彩色空间,并利用样本图像上的179221个肤色点建立2维高斯模型;进而将待分割的图像进行光照补偿并转换到YC_gC_r彩色空间,利用已经建立的高斯模型计算图像的肤色相似度,得到肤色相似度图像;最后,结合像素的空间邻域信息,使用改进的2-D Otsu方法对肤色相似度图像进行2值化处理。对这种方法进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,该肤色分割算法有效地克服了使用固定阈值法进行图像分割时缺乏针对性和抗噪性的缺陷,该算法是可行的。

A Survey on the Stability of 2-D Discrete Systems Described by Fornasini-Marchesini Second Model

A key issue of practical importance in the two-dimensional (2-D) discrete system is stability analysis. Linear state-space models describing 2-D discrete systems have been proposed by several researchers. A popular model, called Forna- sini-Marchesini (FM) second model was proposed by Fornasini and Marchesini in 1978. The aim of this paper is to present a survey of the existing literature on the stability of FM second model.

Non-Fragile Controller Design for 2-D Discrete Uncertain Systems Described by the Roesser Model

This paper is concerned with the design problem of non-fragile controller for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete uncertain systems described by the Roesser model. The parametric uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded. The aim of this paper is to design a memoryless non-fragile state feedback control law such that the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable for all admissible parameter uncertainties and controller gain variations. A new linear matrix inequality (LMI) based sufficient condition for the existence of such controllers is established. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.

Robust Suboptimal Guaranteed Cost Control for 2-D Discrete Systems Described by Fornasini-Marchesini First Model

This paper considers the guaranteed cost control problem for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) uncertain discrete systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini (FM) first model with norm-bounded uncertainties. New linear matrix inequality (LMI) based characterizations are presented for the existence of static-state feedback guaranteed cost controller which guarantees not only the asymptotic stability of closed loop systems, but also an adequate performance bound over all the admissible parameter uncertainties. Moreover, a convex optimization problem is formulated to select the suboptimal guaranteed cost controller which minimizes the upper bound of the closed-loop cost function.

Robust Non-Fragile Control of 2-D Discrete Uncertain Systems: An LMI Approach

This paper considers the problem of robust non-fragile control for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete uncertain systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini second local state-space (FMSLSS) model under controller gain variations. The parameter uncertainty is assumed to be norm-bounded. The problem to be addressed is the design of non-fragile robust controllers via state feedback such that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable for all admissible parameter uncertainties and controller gain variations. A sufficient condition for the existence of such controllers is derived based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach combined with the Lyapunov method. Finally, a numerical example is illustrated to show the contribution of the main result.

LMI Approach to Suboptimal Guaranteed Cost Control for 2-D Discrete Uncertain Systems

This paper studies the problem of the guaranteed cost control via static-state feedback controllers for a class of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete systems described by the Fornasini-Marchesini second local state-space (FMSLSS) model with norm bounded uncertainties. A convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints is formulated to design the suboptimal guaranteed cost controller which ensures the quadratic stability of the closed-loop system and minimizes the associated closed-loop cost function. Application of the proposed controller design method is illustrated with the help of one example.

Two-Dimensional Riemann Problems:Transonic Shock Waves and Free Boundary Problems

We are concerned with global solutions of multidimensional(M-D)Riemann problems for nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws,focusing on their global configurations and structures.We present some recent developments in the rigorous analysis of two-dimensional(2-D)Riemann problems involving transonic shock waves through several prototypes of hyperbolic systems of conservation laws and discuss some further M-D Riemann problems and related problems for nonlinear partial differential equations.In particular,we present four different 2-D Riemann problems through these prototypes of hyperbolic systems and show how these Riemann problems can be reformulated/solved as free boundary problems with transonic shock waves as free boundaries for the corresponding nonlinear conservation laws of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type and related nonlinear partial differential equations.

灰度图像二维Otsu折线阈值分割法

Otsu法是一个应用较为广泛的阈值分割方法。为实现图像较为精确的分割,充分考虑边界的影响,从二维线阈值分割替代传统的点阈值分割思想出发,提出了折线阈值型Otsu法。该方法以对边界信息的迭代分割的手段获得实际用于分割的二维折线阈值。仿真结果表明,该方法能够获得优于原始Otsu法的分割效果,特别适用于边缘丰富的图像分割,具有较好的分割普适性。

基于改进的二维Otsu法的图像分割法

针对Otsu阈值法仅适合图像目标和背景分布呈正态分布且各像素量和方差基本相当的不足,提出了一种基于二维Otsu的改进算法,实验结果表明,该算法比传统Otsu阈值法能够获得较好的分割效果。

一种改进的二维Otsu阈值分割法

针对传统灰度级-平均灰度级二维直方图区域划分存在的不足,提出了由灰度级-梯度构成改进的二维直方图区域划分方法,并给出了基于改进二维直方图的Otsu阈值法及其快速递推算法。实验结果表明:提出的改进二维Otsu法与传统二维Otsu法相比,抗噪性能好,分割所得的区域内部具有较好的一致性,获得的目标边缘更加清晰,同时减少了运行时间。

基于积分图像的快速二维Otsu阈值法

传统的二维Otsu法采用灰度级-平均灰度级二维直方图,针对传统二维直方图区域划分存在的不足,基于灰度级-梯度二维直方图,提出了一种引入积分图像的快速二维Otsu法,利用积分图像降低搜索二维直方图最佳阈值的计算复杂度,从而减少了计算量。实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的分割效果,大大地提高了计算速度,是一种快速有效且实时性好的阈值分割算法。

基于文化算法和二维Otsu方法的快速图像分割

针对二维Otsu方法计算量大的缺点,提出一种采用文化算法和二维Otsu法相结合的快速图像分割法.该方法利用文化算法的全局寻优能力,对图像的二维最大类间方差进行优化,通过文化算法的种群空间和信念空间的相互协作来获取二维Otsu的最佳二维阈值向量.实验结果表明,该方法具有良好的抗噪声性能,能得到较好的分割效果,缩短了寻找最佳二维阈值向量的时间,提高了二维Otsu方法的运算效率.

改进狼群优化算法的Otsu图像分割法

为减少算法的运行时间,对狼群算法和二维Otsu算法进行分析研究,提出改进狼群优化算法的Otsu图像分割法,将PSO算法中求解当前局部最优的思想引入到狼群算法的游走、召唤行为中,使狼群间实现信息交互,提高搜索最佳阈值的准确度;采用自适应化围攻行为,加快算法寻优速度;利用混沌法对得到的次优解进行优化,避免陷入局部极值.仿真结果表明,该算法既降低了分割时间,又提高了分割精度.

一种快速递归红外舰船图像分割新算法

针对背景复杂、对比度低的红外舰船目标分割问题,提出了一种红外舰船图像分割的新算法.由于二维最大类间方差法不仅反映了图像的像素点灰度分布信息,还反映了邻域空间相关信息,因此有较好的抗噪能力.但是由于其解空间维数的增加,计算量的变化是以指数增长的,而粒子群优化算法可实现高效并行、随机、自适应群体搜索.基于这一特点,提出了基于粒子群优化的二维最大类间方差局部递归分割方法,有利于实现红外图像的实时处理.该方法同样适用于复杂背景下的其他红外目标图像的分割.

改进萤火虫优化算法在运动阴影去除方面的应用

运动阴影与目标物体粘连,具有运动一致性,常常被误检测为运动目标的一部分。运动阴影的存在改变了运动物体的形状,影响运动目标前景的进一步分析。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种基于改进萤火虫优化算法的运动阴影去除算法。通过基于种群历史最佳位置影响的改进萤火虫算法(IFA)优化2-Otsu(二维最大类间差法)距离测度函数的寻优过程,获得最佳阈值,并以此进行图像分割,去除运动阴影,并同传统2-Otsu法、粒子群算法(PSO)优化2-Otsu法、萤火虫算法(FA)优化2-Otsu法进行比较。实验结果证明,该方法较其他三种方法分别快2.69倍,1.42倍,1.21倍;另外,在区域一致性、阴影检测率和识别率方面均优于其他三种算法,验证了方法的有效性。

一种改进的印刷电路板缺陷检测分割算法

针对印刷电路(PCB)板缺陷检测分割中存在分割效果差、运行速度慢以及适用范围小的问题,提出一种改进的基于遗传算法的二维最大类间方差法的快速迭代算法。首先利用改进的遗传算法来确定分割中的最优阈值,再将这个最优阈值应用到二维最大类间方差法快速迭代算法中来确定最终的阈值最优解,从而完成分割。仿真实验表明,该算法分割的PCB图像,更加接近于人工标注的结果,最终的精度和Kappa系数达到了98.68%和0.970 6,具有广泛的应用前景。