Multiple targets vector miss distance measurement accuracy based on 2-D assignment algorithms

An extension of 2-D assignment approach is proposed for measurement-to-target association for improving multiple targets vector miss distance measurement accuracy. When the multiple targets move so closely, the measurements can not be fully resolved due to finite resolution. The proposed method adopts an auction algorithm to compute the feasible measurement-to-target assignment with unresolved measurements for solving this 2-D assignment problem. Computer simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of this method.

2-D mini mumfuzzy entropy method of image thresholding based on genetic algorithm

A new image thresholding method is introduced, which is based on 2-D histgram and minimizing the measures of fuzziness of an input image. A new definition of fuzzy membership function is proposed, it denotes the characteristic relationship between the gray level of each pixel and the average value of its neighborhood. When the threshold is not located at the obvious and deep valley of the histgram, genetic algorithm is devoted to the problem of selecting the appropriate threshold value. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has good performance.

2-D distributed pose estimation of multi-agent systems using bearing measurements

This article studies distributed pose(orientation and position)estimation of leader–follower multi-agent systems over𝜅-layer graphs in 2-D plane.Only the leaders have access to their orientations and positions,while the followers can measure the relative bearings or(angular and linear)velocities in their unknown local coordinate frames.For the orientation estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the relative orientations among the agents,based on which a distributed orientation estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its orientation.For the position estimation,the local relative bearings are used to obtain the position constraints among the agents,and a distributed position estimation algorithm is proposed for each follower to estimate its position by solving its position constraints.Both the orientation and position estimation errors converge to zero asymptotically.A simulation example is given to verify the theoretical results.

Three-Dimensional Interferometric ISAR Sensors Imaging for the Ship Target with Two-Dimensional Sparsity

There are great challenges for traditional three-dimensional( 3-D) interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar( In ISAR) imaging algorithms of ship targets w ith 2-D sparsity in actual radar imaging system. To deal w ith this problem,a novel 3-D In ISAR imaging method is proposed in this paper.First,the high-precision gradient adaptive algorithm w as adopted to reconstruct the echoes in range dimension. Then the method of minimizing the entropy of the average range profile w as applied to estimate the parameters w hich are used to compensate translation components of the received echoes. Besides,the phase adjustment and image coregistration of the sparse echoes w ere achieved at the same time through the approach of the joint phase autofocus. Finally,the 3-D geometry coordinates of the ship target w ith 2-D sparsity w ere reconstructed by combining the range measurement and interferometric processing of the ISAR images. Simulation experiments w ere carried out to verify the practicability and effectiveness of the algorithm in the case that the received echoes are in 2-D sparsity.

基于二进小波的医学图像增强

在二进小波理论的基础上对图像的增强做了研究。经大量实验证明:提升二进小波滤波器处理的图像的信息熵和对比度改善指数与初始二进小波滤波器处理的图像相比有较大的提高,表明提升滤波器在图像处理中的有效性;在增强函数的选取上,将分段线性函数和连续非线性函数结合起来对图像进行增强,并根据不同分解层高频系数的特点选取不同的阈值与增强因子对图像进行增强,与使用单一的增强函数相比,图像的信息熵和对比度改善指数有了更进一步的提高。

基于二进小波变换的医学图像增强

在二进小波理论的基础上对图像的增强做了研究。实验结果表明:利用新提出的二维àtrous算法和构造的新的B-样条二进小波滤波器对图像进行增强处理,图像的视觉效果有了明显的改善,并且发现随着分解层数的增加,图像的增强效果越来越好,但是,并非分解层数越多越好。经过反复实验比较,图像在三层分解情况下的增强效果最佳。

Threshold Selection Method Based on Reciprocal Gray Entropy and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Since the logarithmic form of Shannon entropy has the drawback of undefined value at zero points,and most existing threshold selection methods only depend on the probability information,ignoring the within-class uniformity of gray level,a method of reciprocal gray entropy threshold selection is proposed based on two-dimensional(2-D)histogram region oblique division and artificial bee colony(ABC)optimization.Firstly,the definition of reciprocal gray entropy is introduced.Then on the basis of one-dimensional(1-D)method,2-D threshold selection criterion function based on reciprocal gray entropy with histogram oblique division is derived.To accelerate the progress of searching the optimal threshold,the recently proposed ABC optimization algorithm is adopted.The proposed method not only avoids the undefined value points in Shannon entropy,but also achieves high accuracy and anti-noise performance due to reasonable 2-D histogram region division and the consideration of within-class uniformity of gray level.A large number of experimental results show that,compared with the maximum Shannon entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division and the reciprocal entropy method with 2-D histogram oblique division based on niche chaotic mutation particle swarm optimization(NCPSO),the proposed method can achieve better segmentation results and can satisfy the requirement of real-time processing.

An Effective Method of Threshold Selection for Small Object Image

The image segmentation difficulties of small objects which are much smaller than their background often occur in target detection and recognition. The existing threshold segmentation methods almost fail under the circumstances. Thus, a threshold selection method is proposed on the basis of area difference between background and object and intra-class variance. The threshold selection formulae based on one-dimensional (1-D) histogram, two-dimensional (2-D) histogram vertical segmentation and 2-D histogram oblique segmentation are given. A fast recursive algorithm of threshold selection in 2-D histogram oblique segmentation is derived. The segmented images and processing time of the proposed method are given in experiments. It is compared with some fast algorithms, such as Otsu, maximum entropy and Fisher threshold selection methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively segment the small object images and has better anti-noise property.

基于二进小波与PDE的乳腺X线图像增强

腺钼靶X线摄影成像是乳腺癌早期发现、早期诊断的最有效方法,具有重要价值.本文提出结合àtrous算法与偏微分方程的乳腺X线图像增强,该方法在二进小波理论基础上,利用推广的二维àtrous算法对乳腺图进行分解,接着根据低频和高频系数特点设计了不同的软硬阈值法对经过分解后的低频子带进行去噪预处理,进而利用最大类间方差法的7段对称连续分段函数增强;而高频在偏微分方程的P-M正则化模型基础上利用一个新的扩散系数,调整常数α以达到对高频子带噪声较好抑制,后用改进的具有动态范围压缩和颜色保真的多尺度Retinex算法进行增强;最后利用àtrous算法重构增强后的低频和高频子带.为验证该方法的有效性,我们还将其与传统的图像增强方法作比较;仿真试验结果表明,该方法对乳腺X线图像的增强效果远远好于传统的增强方法。

Two Dimensional Spatial Independent Component Analysis and Its Application in fMRI Data Process

One important application of independent component analysis （ICA） is in image processing. A two dimensional （2-D） composite ICA algorithm framework for 2-D image independent component analysis （2-D ICA） is proposed. The 2-D nature of the algorithm provides it an advantage of circumventing the roundabout transforming procedures between two dimensional （2-D） image deta and one-dimensional （l-D） signal. Moreover the combination of the Newton （fixed-point algorithm） and natural gradient algorithms in this composite algorithm increases its efficiency and robustness. The convincing results of a successful example in functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） show the potential application of composite 2-D ICA in the brain activity detection.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING RIVER BASED ON 3-D RNG k-ε TURBULENCE MODEL

A 3-D numerical model for calculating flow in non-curvilinear coordinates was established in this article. The flow was simulated by solving the full Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the RNG κ-ε turbulence model. In the horizontal x-y-plane, a boundary-fitted curvilinear co-ordinate system was adopted, while in the vertical direction, a σ co-ordinate transformation was used to represent the free surface and bed topography. The water level was determined by solving the 2-D Poisson equation derived from 2-D depth averaged momentum equations. The finite-volume method was used to discretize the equations and the SIMPLEC algorithm was applied to acquire the coupling of velocity and pressure. This model was applied to simulate the meandering channels and natural rivers, and the water levels and the velocities for all sections were given. By contrasting and analyzing, the agreement with measurements is generally good. The feasibility studies of simulating flow of the natural fiver have been conducted to demonstrate its applicability to hydraulic engineering research.