Identification of FDA-Approved Drugs as Modulators of Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) Expression Levels in MRP2-Overexpressing Cells: Preliminary Data

Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2) is an ATP-dependent transmembrane protein that plays a pivotal role in the efflux of a wide variety of physiological substrates across the plasma membrane. Several studies have shown that MRP2 can significantly affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles of many therapeutic drugs and chemicals found in the environment and diet. This transporter can also efflux newly developed anticancer agents that target specific signaling pathways and are major clinical markers associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) of several types of cancers. MDR remains a major limitation to the advancement of the combinatorial chemotherapy regimen in cancer treatment. In addition to anticancer agents, MRP2 reduces the efficacy of various drug classes such as antivirals, antimalarials, and antibiotics. The unique role of MRP2 and its contribution to MDR makes it essential to profile drug-transporter interactions for all new and promising drugs. Thus, this current research seeks to identify modulators of MRP2 protein expression levels using cell-based assays. A unique recently approved FDA library (372 drugs) was screened using a high-throughput In-Cell ELISA assay to determine the effect of these therapeutic agents on protein expression levels of MRP2. A total of 49 FDA drugs altered MRP2 protein expression levels by more than 50% representing 13.17% of the compounds screened. Among the identified hits, thirty-nine (39) drugs increased protein expression levels whereas 10 drugs lowered protein expression levels of MRP2 after drug treatment. Our findings from this initial drug screening showed that modulators of MRP2 peregrinate multiple drug families and signify the importance of profiling drug interactions with this transporter. Data from this study provides essential information to improve combinatorial drug therapy and precision medicine as well as reduce the drug toxicity of various cancer chemotherapies.

Interannual variability of carbon cycle implied by a 2-D atmospheric transport model

A 2-dimensional atmospheric transport model is deployed in a simplified CO 2 inverse study. Calculated carbon flux distribution for the interval from 1981 to 1997 confirms the existence of a terrestrial carbon sink in mid-high latitude area of North Hemisphere. Strong interannual variability exists in carbon flux patterns, implying a possible link with ENSO and other natural episodes such as Pinatubo volcano eruption in 1991. Mechanism of this possible link was investigated with statistic method. Correlation analysis indicated that in North Hemisphere, climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation, to some extend, could influence the carbon cycle process of land and ocean, thus cause considerable change in carbon flux distribution. In addition, correlation study also demonstrated the possible important role of Asian terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle.

2D CoOOH Sheet-Encapsulated Ni2P into Tubular Arrays Realizing 1000 mA cm^-2-Level-Current-Density Hydrogen Evolution Over 100 h in Neutral Water

Water electrolysis at high current density(1000 mA cm-2 level)with excellent durability especially in neutral electrolyte is the pivotal issue for green hydrogen from experiment to industrialization.In addition to the high intrinsic activity determined by the electronic structure,electrocatalysts are also required to be capable of fast mass transfer(electrolyte recharge and bubble overflow)and high mechanical stability.Herein,the 2D CoOOH sheet-encapsulated Ni2P into tubular arrays electrocatalytic system was proposed and realized 1000 mA cm-2-levelcurrent-density hydrogen evolution over 100 h in neutral water.In designed catalysts,2D stack structure as an adaptive material can buffer the shock of electrolyte convection,hydrogen bubble rupture,and evolution through the release of stress,which insure the long cycle stability.Meanwhile,the rich porosity between stacked units contributed the good infiltration of electrolyte and slippage of hydrogen bubbles,guaranteeing electrolyte fast recharge and bubble evolution at the high-current catalysis.Beyond that,the electron structure modulation induced by interfacial charge transfer is also beneficial to enhance the intrinsic activity.Profoundly,the multiscale coordinated regulation will provide a guide to design high-efficiency industrial electrocatalysts.

Efficient fully laser-patterned flexible perovskite modules and solar cells based on low-temperature solution-processed SnO2/mesoporous-TiO2 electron transport layers

Efficient flexible perovskite solar cells and modules were developed using a combination of SnO2 and mesoporous-TiO2 as a fully solution-processed electron transport layer （ETL）. Cells using such ETLs delivered a maximum power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 14.8%, which was 30% higher than the PCE of cells with only SnO2 as the ETL. The presence of a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold layer over SnO2 led to higher rectification ratios, lower series resistances, and higher shunt resistances. The cells were also evaluated under 200 and 400 lx artificial indoor illumination and found to deliver maximum power densities of 9.77 μW/cm^2 （estimated PCE of 12.8%） and 19.2 μW/cm^2 （estimated PCE of 13.3%）, respectively, representing the highest values among flexible photovoltaic technologies reported so far. Furthermore, for the first time, a fully laser-patterned flexible perovskite module was fabricated using a complete three-step laser scribing procedure （P1, P2, P3） with a PCE of 8.8% over an active area of 12 cm^2 under an illumination of 1 sun.

MPEG-2&DVB码流分析仪的软件实现

本文描述了MPEG-2＆DVB传输流分析的软件实现。该软件能得到码流PSI表信息、PCR信息、DVB信息,并能检测码流中的部分错误。文中给出了其设计思想、软件结构和运行过程。

A VERTICAL 2-D NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

Numerical simulation of sediment transport and bed evolution has become an important technique in the sediment research. In this article, a numerical model of suspended sediment transport was proposed, which was established in the vertical σ coordinate for fitting the free surface and bottom. In the research of the sediment transport, the predominant factors were found to be the eddy diffusion, the settling velocity, the bed condition and so on. By the aid of the model in the article, the contribution of the Rouse parameter to the vertical profile of sediment concentration was clarified, which was identical to the theoretical results. In the comparison of the numerical results with laboratory data, the agreement between experimental data and numerical results was reached except for some data. And the possible reasons for the disagreement were discussed.

ARES屏蔽程序二维输运模块开发与初步验证

基于一阶稳态中子输运方程理论模型,采用离散纵标方法对方向变量进行离散,得到一组差分方程组,应用源迭代法对差分方程组进行求解。基于上述理论,开发了ARES屏蔽程序二维输运模块。程序实现了中子输运过程keff和固定源问题的计算,并考虑到各向异性散射问题。本文简要介绍了ARES屏蔽程序二维输运模块的理论模型,并对一系列基准题结果进行了校验计算。在二维沸水堆栅元问题中,ARES屏蔽程序二维输运模块的keff计算结果与基准结果最大相对误差为0.09%,通量密度最大相对误差为0.60%。针对各向同性和各向异性散射源问题,ARES屏蔽程序二维输运模块与DORT程序计算结果进行对比,整体符合很好。初步验证了ARES屏蔽程序二维输运模块的正确性,且计算精度较高。

膜法二氧化碳分离技术研究进展及展望

二氧化碳的排放导致了严重的环境和生态问题,而碳捕集、利用和封存技术(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)是减缓CO_(2)排放的有效途径。在众多的CCUS方法中,膜分离因其能效高、成本低、投资少、维护运行简单等优点引起了广泛关注。综述了燃烧前捕集、燃烧后捕集和天然气脱碳中的膜材料及其膜分离性能,分析影响CO_(2)捕集效率的关键膜结构因素和调控规律,膜组件开发关键问题及产业化情况,膜分离系统集成及经济性规律。结合研究现状和CO_(2)捕集需求,提出未来膜法CO_(2)捕集的研究方向。

A two-dimensional simulation method for investigating charge transport behavior in 3-D charge trapping memory

This work presents a self-consistent two-dimensional(2-D) simulation method with unified physical models for different operation regimes of charge trapping memory. The simulation carefully takes into consideration the tunneling process, charge trapping/de-trapping mechanisms, and 2-D drift-diffusion transport within the storage layer. A string of three memory cells has been simulated and evaluated for different gate stack compositions and temperatures. The simulator is able to describe the charge transport behavior along bitline and tunneling directions under different operations. Good agreement has been made with experimental data,which hence validates the implemented physical models and altogether confirms the simulation as a valuable tool for evaluating the characteristics of three-dimensional NAND flash memory.

数字电视机顶盒及其关键技术浅析

介绍了数字电视机顶盒的功能和基本工作原理,分析了其硬件和软件的关键技术,并阐述了其发展方向和前景.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND-INDUCED MOTION IN SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

In regions with broad water surfaces such as lakes, reservoirs and coastal areas, the wind stress on the flow motion generates a significant impact. The wind stress is an unsteady force which makes numerical simulation difficult. This paper presents a two-dimensional （2-D） mathematical model of the impact of wind-induced motion on suspended sediment transport at Beijing＇s 13-Ling Reservoir. The model uses the Diagonal Cartesian Method （DCM） with a wetting-drying dynamic boundary to trace variations in the water level. The calculation results have been tested against in situ measurements. The measurements confirm the model＇s accuracy and agreement with the actual situation at the reservoir. The calculations also indicate that wind stress holds the key to suspended sediment transport at Beijing＇s 13-Ling Reservoir, especially when westerly winds prevail.