Effect of AMPS(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) content on the properties of polymer gels

The BST oilfield in the northwestern Taklamakan Desert is a fractured carbonate reservoir,but issues of water breakthrough are becoming increasingly severe with the development of water flooding.Unfortunately,the high-temperature and high-salt conditions(130°C,71695 mg/L)of the BST oilfield pose challenges for the development of plugging agents.In this study,the effects of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS)content on AM/AMPS copolymers and gels were studied through viscosity measurements,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and cryo-scanning electron microscope(Cryo-SEM).Moreover,the AMPS stabilization mechanism of the polymers and gels was explained.Heatresistant and salt-tolerant gel systems were developed,and their gelation properties,thermal stability,injection capacity,and plugging ability were evaluated.Experimental results showed inconsistencies between the effects of AMPS content on the polymers and gels.For the polymers,the thermal stability increased with increased AMPS content in the polymer.However,excessive AMPS content resulted in poor gelation and low strength.The developed gel systems with S30 polymer(AMPS content is approximately 26%)exhibited excellent thermal stability,controllable gelation time,good injection capacity,and plugging ability.The field application results indicated that most production wells had a positive response,with reduced water-cut and increased daily oil production.

Chemical Modification of Scraped Tires through Grafting with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonic Acid

Scrap vulcanized rubber is amongst a bigger waste polymers. It does not decompose easily owing to its cross linked structure. Modification of scrap tires powder by the grafting with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is described. The grafting is achieved through free radical initiation. The effects of different amount of monomer and initiator were examined. Also the influence of reaction time and temperature were investigated. The grafted waste rubber was characterized by FT/IR, SEM and DSC measurements. The proposed mechanism of the grafting reaction is discussed. From DSC and SEM studies of WR-g-AMPS compared with PAMPS and WR, the results show that the particle size and crystallinity were enhanced for the grafted copolymers. The obtained modified scraped tires will used as an ion exchanger for the future applications.

Synthesis and Characterization of the Terpolymer of Itaconic Acid with Acrylamide and 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid

The terpolymer of itaconic acid, acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid was synthesized through the free-radical polymerization. The IR spectra confirmed that there was no olefinic band, while the TGA results revealed that the terpolymer was of high thermal stability.

COPOLYMERS OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID/MALEIC ACID:SYNTHESIS,CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid （AMPS）, and maleic acid （MA） copolymerized with different feed ratios using N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent and benzoyl peroxide （Bz2O2） as an initiator at 70℃. Structure and composition of copolymers for a wide range of monomer feed were determined by elemental analysis （content of N for AMPS-units）. Monomer reactivity ratios for AMPS （M1）-MA （M2） pair were determined by the application of conventional linearization methods such as Fineman-Ross （F-R）, Kelen-Tudos（KT） and Extended Kelen-Tudos （EKT） and a nonlinear error invariable model method using a computer program RREVM. The characterizations were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） thermal gravimetry analysis （TGA）, and and X-ray diffraction. The antimicrobial effects of polymers were also tested on various bacteria, and yeast.

Efficacy of Topical versus Oral 5-Aminosalicylate for Treatment of 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats

5-aminosalicylic acid（5-ASA） is drug of choice for the treatment of ulcerative colitis（UC）. In this study, the efficacy of topical versus oral 5-ASA for the treatment of UC was examined as well as the action mechanism of this medication. A flexible tube was inserted into the rat cecum to establish a topical administration model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid（TNBS）-induced UC. A total of 60 rats were divided into sham operation group（receiving an enema of 0.9% saline solution instead of the TNBS solution via the tube）, model group, topical 5-ASA group, oral Etiasa group（a release agent of mesalazine used as positive control） and oral 5-ASA group（n=12 each）. Different treatments were administered 1 day after UC induction. The normal saline（2 mL） was instilled twice a day through the tube in the sham operation group and model group. 5-ASA was given via the tube in the topical 5-ASA group（7.5 g/L, twice per day, 100 mg/kg）, and rats in the oral Etiasa group and oral 5-ASA group intragastrically received Etiasa（7.5 g/L, twice per day, 100 mg/kg） and 5-ASA（7.5 g/L, twice per day, 100 mg/kg）, respectively. The body weight was recorded every day. After 7 days of treatment, blood samples were drawn from the heart to harvest the sera. Colonic tissues were separated and prepared for pathological and related molecular biological examinations. The concentrations of 5-ASA were detected at different time points in the colonic tissues, feces and sera in different groups by using the high pressure liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The results showed that the symptoms of acute UC, including bloody diarrhea and weight loss, were significantly improved in topical 5-ASA-treated rats. The colonic mucosal damage, both macroscopical and histological, was significantly relieved and the myeloperoxidase activity was markedly decreased in rats topically treated with 5-ASA compared with those treated with oral 5-ASA or Etiasa. The mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was down-regulated in the colonic tissue of rats topically treated with 5-ASA, significantly lower than those from rats treated with oral 5-ASA or Etiasa. The concentrations of 5-ASA in the colonic tissue were significantly higher in the topical 5-ASA group than in the oral 5-ASA and oral Etiasa groups. It was concluded that the topical administration of 5-ASA can effectively increase the concentration of 5-ASA in the colonic tissue, decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, alleviate the colonic pathological damage and improve the symptoms of TNBS-induced acute UC in rats.

Removal of 5-Amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic and Chlorhydric Acids From Wastewater by Weakly Basic Resin: Equilibrium and Kinetics

Objective To study the adsorption of 5-Amino-2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonic (CLT) and chlorhydric (HCl) acids from wastewater by weakly basic resin. Methods The kinetics and isotherm were studied. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of acids were calculated and discussed. Results The adsorption of CLT and HCl acids followed Langmuir isotherm and the first-order kinetics model. Conclusion The adsorptive affinity of the two acids on D301R is in the order of CLT acid 〉 HCl acid. CLT and HCl acids can be separated.

Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide,a novel PPARα/γ dual agonist,protects against ischaemiainduced brain damage in mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses

OBJECTIVE Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide(N15),an analogue of oleoylethanolamide(OEA),is a novel PPARα/γdual agonist.Our previous studies verified the positive effects of OEA on the acute and delayed stages of cerebral ischaemia.However,it is not clear whether N15 is effective against ischaemic cerebral injury.In the present study,male Kunming mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).METHODS To evaluate its preventive effects,N15(50,100 or 200 mg·kg-1,ip)was administered for3 d before ischaemia.To evaluate its therapeutic effects,N15(200 mg·kg-1,ip)was administered 1 h before reperfusion or 0,1,2 or 4 h after reperfusion.Neurological deficit scores,infarct volume and the degree of brain oedema were determined at 24 h after reperfusion.Blood brain barrier(BBB)disruption was evaluated by Evans blue(EB)leakage at 6 h after reperfusion.The activation/inflammatory responses of microglia were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS N15 pretreatment improved neurological dysfunction,reduced infarct volume and alleviated brain oedema in a dose-dependent manner;the most effective dose was 200 mg·kg-1.The therapeutic time window was within 2 h after reperfusion.Moreover,N15was more potent in the treatment of cerebral ischaemia injury than OEA.N15 treatment preserved the BBB integrity and suppressed the activation of microglia.N15 inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression not only in MCAO mice but also in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV-2microglial cells.Moreover,N15 decreased the phosphorylation levels of NF-κBp65,STAT3,and ERK1/2 both in vivo and in vitro.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that N15 exerts neuroprotective effects and was more potent than OEA.Additionally,the neuroprotective effects of N15 on cerebral ischaemia may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties,at least in part,by enhancing PPARα/γdual signalling and inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB,STAT3,and ERK1/2 signalling pathways.These findings suggest that N15 may be a potential therapeutic choice for the prevention and treatment of ischaemic stroke.

Sulfonation of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone leuco by chlorosulfonic acid:Kinetics and process intensification

The work herein employed a rotating packed bed(RPB)to intensify the sulfonation process of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone leuco(DL)in an attempt to improve the yield of the product 1,4-diaminoanthra quinone-2-sulfonic acid(DSA).First,the effects of operating conditions in a stirred tank reactor(STR),including stirring speed,chlorosulfonic acid/DL molar ratio(η),solvent/DL mass ratio(ζ),reaction temperature and dropping speed of chlorosulfonic acid,on the yield of DSA were investigated.The yield of DSA can reach 87.34%under the optimal operating conditions:stirring speed of 500 r·min^(-1),ηof 4.5,ζof 7,reaction temperature of 150℃,dropping speed of 0.61 ml·min^(-1).In addition,the kinetics of the sulfonation process via the shrinking core model revealed that the reaction is controlled by diffusion via a product layer under the reaction temperature of 140℃.Furthermore,the RPB was employed to intensify the mass transfer between liquid and solid phases during the sulfonation reaction process.The results showed that the DSA yield of 92.69%obtained by RPB was 5.35%higher than that by STR,indicating that RPB can significantly intensify the mass transfer in the liquid-solid phase sulfonation reaction process.

聚[丙烯酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸]/蒙脱石三元复合高吸水性树脂的合成与性能研究

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚[丙烯酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)]/蒙脱石三元复合高吸水性树脂,研究了反应温度、中和度、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、AMPS用量、蒙脱石添加量等对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,加入30％的AMPS和10％的蒙脱石后,产品后处理容易,吸水率达到827 g/g,吸盐水率达到126 g/g,与聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂相比,吸水速度提高约30％,保水率提高约20％,且具有很好的凝胶强度。IR谱图表明AMPS参与了聚合反应,并初步表示聚丙烯酸(盐)已接枝在蒙脱石表面上。

羧甲基纤维素-g-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸高吸水树脂的吸水与保水性能

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为原料、过硫酸铵为引发剂、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用微波辐射法制备了耐盐性高吸水性树脂CMC-g-PAMPS。考察了无机盐溶液的浓度、金属离子价态、溶液pH和单体总含量等因素对CMC-g-PAMPS树脂吸水倍率的影响,并对其吸水速率和保水性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,吸水倍率随无机盐溶液浓度的增加而减小;在不同价态金属离子盐溶液中,吸水倍率大小的顺序为:NaCl>CaCl2>AlCl3;在相同价态的金属阳离子盐溶液中,CMC-g-PAMPS树脂的吸水能力接近;CMC-g-PAMPS树脂在pH=4～8内能保持较高吸水倍率。

微波辐射羧甲基纤维素接枝2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸制备高吸水性树脂

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂、过硫酸氨(APS)为引发剂,采用微波辐射法在羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)上接枝2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)合成了耐盐高吸水性树脂P(AMPS/CMC);考察了微波功率(P)、辐射时间(t)、CMC用量、NMBA用量、APS用量、AMPS的中和度(N)对树脂吸水倍率的影响;采用FTIR,SEM,TG等手段对树脂进行了表征。实验结果表明,在最佳合成条件(m(NMBA)∶m(APS)∶m(CMC)∶m(AMPS)=0.5∶2∶5∶100,P=195W,t=3.15 min,N(AMPS)=45%,w(CMC+AMPS)=30%)下合成的P(AMPS/CMC),在离子强度为0.154 mol/L的NaCl,CaCl2,AlCl3溶液和去离子水中的吸水倍率分别为126,63,20,1 345 g/g。该树脂具有较好的层状结构和热稳定性(主分解温度在250℃以上),CMC的加入有利于提高树脂的热稳定性和耐盐性能。

抗220℃高温的水基钻井液用降粘剂研究

根据已知分子设计理论 ,通过水溶液引发聚合 ,控制分子量在 1.0× 10 3 ～ 1.0× 10 4范围 ,制得了丙烯酸 /丙烯磺酸 / 2 甲基 2 丙烯酰胺基丙磺酸 /小阳离子单体共聚物 ,推荐用作钻井液降粘剂 ,代号THIN。THIN可抗 2 2 0℃高温 ,抗盐 (NaCl)达 32 0 g/L ,抗钙 (以CaCl2 计 ) 1.0 g/L ,在水基粘土钻井液特别是高固相高密度钻井液中降粘效果优于常用降粘剂XY2 7和FCLS。THIN水溶液相对粘度在 15 0℃老化后增大 ,在 180℃和 2 2 0℃老化后略有减小(老化 16h)。THIN ,XY2 7和FCLS的盐析浓度分别为 32 .4 % ,2 0 .0 %和 2 7.0 % ,析出沉淀时CaCl2 浓度分别为1.0 ;0 .0 5和 >5 .0 g/L。在 2 2 0℃滚动 (16h)前后 ,0 .5 %THIN在 8.0 %淡水泥浆中的各项流变性 (5 0℃ ) ,均优于XY2 7和FCLS ,THIN加量≥ 0 .5 %即可使泥浆粘度和切力大幅度降低 ,且对老化后泥浆有降滤失作用 ;1.0 %THIN在高固相泥浆特别是高固相高密度泥浆中的降粘效果 ,从 5 0℃下的AV ,PV和Gel1min看 ,均优于相同加量的XY2 7和FCLS。表 5参 3。

4-甲基-苯磺酸-2-氧-2-[3-(5-芳基-[1,3,4]噁二唑-2-基)-硫脲]-乙基酯的合成及生物活性研究

合成了12个未见文献报道的4-甲基-苯磺酸2-氧-2-[3-(5-芳基-[1,3,4]噁二唑-2-基)-硫脲]-乙基酯,其结构经元素分析、1HNMR和IR确证.初步活性测试结果表明:部分化合物有较好的杀菌活性.

增塑剂癸二酸二(2-乙基己)酯的合成

增塑剂癸二酸二异辛酯广泛用于塑料、涂料、胶粘剂中作增塑剂,国内市场需求量越来越大.利用癸二酸和2-乙基乙醇在对甲基苯磺酸催化下酯化,用甲苯作溶剂,制得癸二酸二(2-乙基己)酯,产率为96%～98.5%,纯度为96.26%.

用2－（2′－咪唑偶氮）苯酚－4－磺酸作显色剂测定铁

本文研究了咪唑偶氮苯酚－４－磺醚与Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）的显色反应条件，应用拟定的方法测定了菠菜、芹菜、人发、天然水中微量铁的含量，回收率在９５％以上，结果令人满意。

丙烯酸与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸共聚合成高吸水性树脂的研究

以丙烯酸（Ａｃ）和２－丙烯酰胺－２－甲基丙磺酸（Ａｍｐｓ）为原料，过硫酸钾为引发剂，Ｎ，Ｎ－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂（Ｂｉｓ），用水溶液法在实验室合成了一系列高吸水性树脂。考察了合成条件对树脂吸水率的影响，较佳的合成条件是，ＡｃＡｍｐｓ（摩尔比）为９０～９５１０～５，Ｂｉｓ用量为Ａｃ质量的０．０５％～０．０９％，Ａｃ的中和度为７０％～１００％，单体质量分率为３０％～４０％。

1-氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸邻菲啰啉稀土配合物的合成及性质

本文报道了在无水乙醇中合成卜氨基-2-萘酚-4-磺酸、邻菲啰啉与稀土氯化物三元固态配合物的方法。元素分析确定了配合物的化学组成,通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱、1HNMR谱、热谱、X射线粉末衍射、电学性质、溶解度等手段对配合物进行了表征。

美沙拉嗪缓释剂对2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用

目的研究美沙拉嗪缓释剂对2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(2,4,6-trinitro picrylsulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factorα,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-1β、IL-6表达的影响,探讨美沙拉嗪缓释剂的抗炎机制。方法应用TNBS/乙醇建立大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,实验设正常对照组、模型组、药物治疗组(给予美沙拉嗪溶液100 mg.kg-1.d-1),阳性对照组(给予5-对氨基水杨酸100 mg.kg-1.d-1),每组10只,每天灌胃2次,给药时间从造模后第1天开始至实验结束,共7 d,观察大鼠疾病活动指数(disease index,DAI)、体质量变化及结肠病理学改变,生化法检查大鼠结肠组织髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)活性,逆转录聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测肠组织TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA的表达水平。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠结肠组织MPO活性及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA表达量明显增多(P<0.05)。与模型组和阳性对照组比较,药物治疗组MPO活性及结肠组织TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA的表达明显减少(P<0.05)。模型组和阳性对照组差异无统计学意义。结论美沙拉嗪缓释剂对大鼠实验性溃疡性结肠炎具有治疗作用,其机制与通过降低中性粒细胞的浸润、抑制促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA等的表达有关。

2-(2′-咪唑偶氮)苯酚-4-磺酸吸光光度法测定钴的研究

研究了咪唑偶氮苯酚-4-磺酸(IAP-4S)与Co(Ⅱ)显色反应的适宜条件,应用拟定方法测定了钴镍混合试样中两组分的含量和标准合金样品中的钴含量,结果令人满意。

1-[(5-溴-2-吡啶)偶氮]-2-萘酚-6-磺酸分光光度法测定痕钯量的研究

本文研究了1-[(5-溴-2-吡啶)偶氮]-2-萘酚-6-磺酸(以下简称5-Br-PAN-S)与Pd^(2+)络合物的光度特性和显色反应的最佳条件。在pH 5,试剂与钯形成1:1的络合物,稳定常数K 1.1×10~3λ_(max)620nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε_(620)=1.08×10~4L·mol^(-1)·cm^(-1),Pd^(2+)浓度在0～35μg/25ml范围内遵守比耳定律。本法可满意地用于钯催化剂中微量钯的测定。