Enabling heterogeneous catalysis to achieve carbon neutrality: Directional catalytic conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids

The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment,which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality.Central to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO_(2) under economic and sustainable conditions.Recently,the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids,which can effectively alleviate CO_(2) emissions and create high-value chemicals.The purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO_(2) conversion into carboxylic acids through photo-,electric-,and thermal catalysis.Special attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level,inspiring the preparation of high-performance catalysts.In addition,theoretical calculations,advanced technologies,and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic activity.Finally,challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this field.It is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO_(2) into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.

Increased excitatory amino acid transporter 2 levels in basolateral amygdala astrocytes mediate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behavior

The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with emotions.Specifically, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal mice.After knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was obviously mitigated. Additionally, administration of an excitatory amino acid transporter 2 inhibitor in the basolateral amygdala yielded a notable reduction in anxiety level among mice subjected to stress. These results suggest that basolateral amygdala astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter 2 plays a role in in the regulation of unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced anxiety-like behavior by impacting the activity of local glutamatergic neurons, and targeting excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala holds therapeutic promise for addressing anxiety disorders.

Preparation of PrFe_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3)/Mt catalyst and study on degradation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid wastewater by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation

In this study,the perovskite nanocomposite PrFe_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3)(Pr(S))was successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method;PrFe_(x)Co_(1-x)O_(3)/Al-pillared montmorillonite(Pr(S)/Mt)catalysts were prepared by impregnation(D)method and solid-melting(G)method,respectively,with Pr(S)as the active component and Al-pillared montmorillonite as the carrier.The catalysts were applied to treat the 2-hydroxybenzoic acid(2-HA)-simulated wastewater by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation(CWPO)technique,and the chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal rate and the 2-HA degradation rate were used as indicators to evaluate the catalytic performance.The results of the experiment indicated that the solid-melting method was more conducive to preparing the catalyst when the Co/Fe molar ratio of 7:3 and the optimal structural properties of the catalysts were achieved.The influence of operating parameters,including reaction temperature,catalyst dosage,H_(2)O_(2)dosage,pH,and initial 2-HA concentration,were optimized for the degradation of 2-HA by CWPO.The results showed that 97.64%of 2-HA degradation and 75.23%of COD removal rate were achieved under more suitable experimental conditions.In addition,after the catalyst was used five times,the degradation rate of 2-HA could still reach 76.93%,which implied the high stability and reusability of the catalyst.The high catalytic activity of the catalyst was due to the doping of Co into PrFeO_(3),which could promote the generation of HO·,and the high stability could be attributed to the loading of Pr(S)onto Al-Mt,which reduced the leaching of reactive metals.The study of reaction mechanism and kinetics showed that the whole degradation process conformed to the pseudo-firstorder kinetic equation,and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood method was applied to demonstrate that catalysis was dominant in the degradation process.

Serum bile acid and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND The understanding of bile acid(BA)and unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)profiles,as well as their dysregulation,remains elusive in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)coexisting with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Investigating these metabolites could offer valuable insights into the pathophy-siology of NAFLD in T2DM.AIM To identify potential metabolite biomarkers capable of distinguishing between NAFLD and T2DM.METHODS A training model was developed involving 399 participants,comprising 113 healthy controls(HCs),134 individuals with T2DM without NAFLD,and 152 individuals with T2DM and NAFLD.External validation encompassed 172 participants.NAFLD patients were divided based on liver fibrosis scores.The analytical approach employed univariate testing,orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,logistic regression,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,and decision curve analysis to pinpoint and assess the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers.RESULTS Compared to HCs,both T2DM and NAFLD groups exhibited diminished levels of specific BAs.In UFAs,particular acids exhibited a positive correlation with NAFLD risk in T2DM,while theω-6:ω-3 UFA ratio demonstrated a negative correlation.Levels ofα-linolenic acid andγ-linolenic acid were linked to significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD.The validation cohort substantiated the predictive efficacy of these biomarkers for assessing NAFLD risk in T2DM patients.CONCLUSION This study underscores the connection between altered BA and UFA profiles and the presence of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM,proposing their potential as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Transforming liquid flow fuel cells to controllable reactors for highlyefficient oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid at low temperature

Highly-efficient oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurtural(HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) at low temperature with air as the oxidant is still challenging.Herein,inspired by the respirato ry electron transport chain(ETC) of living cells mediated by electron carriers,we constructed artificial ETCs and transformed liquid flow fuel cells(LFFCs) to flexible reactors for efficient oxidation of HMF to produce FDCA under mild conditions.This LFFC reactor employed an electrodeposition modified nickel foam as an anode to promote HMF oxidation and(VO_(2))_(2)SO_(4) as a cathode electron carrier to facilitate the electron transfer to air.The reaction rate could be easily controlled by selecting the anode catalyst,adjusting the external loading and changing the cathodic electron carrier or oxidants.A maximal power density of 44.9 mW cm^(-2) at room temperature was achieved,while for FDCA production,short-circuit condition was preferred to achieve quick transfer of electrons.For a single batch operation with 0.1 M initial HMF,FDCA yield reached 97.1%.By fed-batch operation,FDCA concentration reached 144.5 g L^(-1) with a total yield of 96%.Ni^(2+)/Ni^(3+) redox couple was the active species mediating the electron transfer,while both experimental and DFT calculation results indicated that HMFCA pathway was the preferred reaction mechanism.

Landscape of Sequence Variations in Homologous Copies of FAD2 and FAD3 in Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)Germplasm with High/Low Linolenic Acid Trait

Genetic manipulation(either restraint or enhancement)of the biosynthesis pathway ofα-linolenic acid(ALA)in seed oil is an important goal in Brassica napus breeding.B.napus is a tetraploid plant whose genome often har-bors four and six homologous copies,respectively,of the two fatty acid desaturases FAD2 and FAD3,which con-trol the last two steps of ALA biosynthesis during seed oil accumulation.In this study,we compared their promoters,coding sequences,and expression levels in three high-ALA inbred lines 2006L,R8Q10,and YH25005,a low-ALA line A28,a low-ALA/high-oleic-acid accession SW,and the wildtype ZS11.The expression levels of most FAD2 and FAD3 homologs in the three high-ALA accessions were higher than those in ZS11 and much higher than those in A28 and SW.The three high-ALA accessions shared similar sequences with the pro-moters and CDSs of BnFAD3.C4 and BnFAD3.A3.In A28 and SW,substitution of three amino acid residues in BnFAD2.A5 and BnFAD2.C5,an absence of BnFAD2.C1 locus,and a 549 bp long deletion on the BnFAD3.A3 promoter were detected.The profile of BnFAD2 mutation in the two low-ALA accessions A28 and SW is different from that reported in previous studies.The mutations in BnFAD3 in the high-ALA accessions are reported for thefirst time.In identifying the sites of these mutations,we provide detailed information to aid the design of mole-cular markers for accelerated breeding schemes.

Betulinic acid protects against ovarian impairment by decreasing F-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the downregulation of p38 expression in mice

F-2 toxin is an estrogenic mycotoxin that causes reproductive disorders in animals.Betulinic acid(BA)is a natural pentacyclic lupane-structure triterpenoid that has diverse pharmacological activities.In this study,the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of BA and its underlying mechanism are explored in F-2 toxin-triggered mouse ovarian damage.We found that BA alleviated the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by stimulating follicle growth,reducing inflammatory cell infiltration,repairing damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.Simultaneously,BA not only reversed F-2 toxin-induced reduction of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)levels in the serum,but also restrained the protein expression of the estrogen receptors a(ERa)and ERβ.Moreover,BA restored the balance of F-2 toxin-induced ovarian redox system disorders.Subsequently,we found that 0.25 mg/kg BA played an anti-inflammatory role in the F-2 toxin-induced ovarian impairment by decreasing interleukin-1β(IL-1β).IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)mRNA expression,as well as inhibiting p38 protein expression.These data demonstrated that BA exerts its protective effect on F-2 toxin-induced ovarian oxidative impairment and inflammation by inhibiting p38 expression,which implies a natural product-based medicine to ameliorate F-2 toxin-caused female reproductive toxicity and provides a detoxifying method for food contaminated by mycotoxin.

2-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid,an ascorbic acid derivative isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L.,ameliorates high fructose-induced neuroinflammation in mice:involvement of gut microbiota and leaky gut

Western diet(rich in highly refined sugar and fat)can induce a range of metabolic dysfunctions in animals and humans,including neuroinflammation and cognitive function decline.Neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment,two critical pathological characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease,have been closely associated with microbial alteration via the gut-brain axis.Thus,the present study aimed to investigate the influence of 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid(AA-2βG)isolated from the fruits of Lycium barbarum on preventing the high-fructose diet(HFrD)induced neuroinflammation in mice.It was found that AA-2βG prevented HFr D-induced cognitive deficits.AA-2βG also predominantly enhanced the gut barrier integrity,decreased lipopolysaccharide entry into the circulation,which subsequently countered the activation of glial cells and neuroinflammatory response.These beneficial effects were transmissible by horizontal fecal microbiome transplantation,transferring from AA-2βG fed mice to HFr D fed mice.Additionally,AA-2βG exerted neuroprotective effects involving the enrichment of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia,potentially beneficial intestinal bacteria.The present study provided the evidence that AA-2βG could improve indices of cognition and neuroinflammmation via modulating gut dybiosis and preventing leaky gut.As a potential functional food ingredient,AA-2βG may be applied to attenuate neuroinflammation associated with Western-style diets.

Heterogeneously elevated branched-chain/aromatic amino acids among new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus patients are potentially skewed diabetes predictors

BACKGROUND The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)severely impacts early intervention/prevention efforts.Elevated branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs:Isoleucine,leucine,valine)and aromatic amino acids(AAAs:Tyrosine,tryptophan,phenylalanine)show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical studies.However,improvement is needed to support its clinical utility.AIM To evaluate the effects of body mass index(BMI)and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body weight.METHODS Ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients(<12 mo)differing in BMI[normal weight(NW),n=33,BMI=22.23±1.60;overweight,n=42,BMI=25.9±1.07;obesity(OB),n=22,BMI=31.23±2.31]from the First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province,Kunming,China,were studied.One-way and 2-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/AAAs.RESULTS Fasting serum AAAs,BCAAs,glutamate,and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein(HDL)was lower(P<0.05,each)in OB-T2DM patients than in NW-T2DM patients,especially in male OB-T2DM patients.Arginine,histidine,leucine,methionine,and lysine were greater in male patients than in female patients.Moreover,histidine,alanine,glutamate,lysine,valine,methionine,leucine,isoleucine,tyrosine,phenylalanine,and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity,body weight and BMI,whereas isoleucine,leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with HDL.CONCLUSION Heterogeneously elevated amino acids,especially BCAAs/AAAs,across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM development.The higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals,whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in NW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in NW individuals.This potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to be used as the T2DM predictor.

Oleanolic acid inhibits colon cancer cell stemness and reverses chemoresistance by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

Background:Oleanolic acid(OA),a pentacyclic triterpenoid exhibiting specific anti-cancer properties and highly effective antioxidant activity,was isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.Conversely,the OA that impacts colon cancer(CC)cells and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods:The cytotoxic effect of OA alone or OA-5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)combination on normal and CC cells was analyzed by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT).Then,the impact of OA on CC cell lines(LoVo and HT-29)proliferation and stemness were measured using colon formation and tumorsphere formation assays.Octamer-binding transcription factor 4(Oct4),Prominin-1(CD133),Nanog,and transcription factor SOX-2(SOX2)are cell stemness-related indicators whose expression was assessed usingfluorescence qPCR assay,Western blotting,and immunohistochemistry.The effect of OA on the proliferative potency of CC cells was evaluated using an in vivo model.Results:The stem-like characteristics and clone production of colon cancer cells were markedly reduced by OA alone or in combination with OA-5-FU.Moreover,OA increases the susceptibility of CC cells to 5-FU by blocking the cell stemness-related markers(CD133,Nanog,SOX2,and Oct4)expression levels both in vitro and in vivo,as well as by inactivating the activator of transcription 3(STAT3 signaling)and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer(JAK2).Conclusion:Thesefindings imply that oleanolic acid,both in vitro and in vivo,suppresses the JAK2/STAT3 pathway,which in turn reverses chemoresistance and decreases colon cancer cell stemness.Therefore,by reducing the recommended amount of 5-FU,this strategy may improve chemotherapeutic effectiveness and minimize undesired side effects.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Two New Compounds: [Zn(2,2'-bipy)(L)Cl]_2 and [Zn(phen)(L_2)]_2 (HL = 3-Methylbenzoic Acid)

Compounds [Zn（2,2＇-bipy）（L）Cl]2 1 and [Zn（phen）（L2）]2 2 （2,2＇-bipy = 2,2＇-bipyridine, HL = 3-methylbenzoic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline） have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. 1： monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 20.240（4）, b = 9.2960（19）, c = 17.904（4）A, β = 92.63（3）°, V = 3365.1（12） A^3, C36H30Cl2N4O4Zn2, Mr = 784.32, Z = 4, Dc = 1.548 g/cm^3, μ = 1.631 mm^-1, F（000） = 1600, the final R = 0.0367 and wR = 0.1289 for 3867 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. 2： monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 23.035（5）, b = 9.0395（18）, c = 23.799（5） A, β = 98.55（3）°, V = 4900.6（17）A^3, C56H44N4O8Zn2, Mr = 1031.73, Z = 4, Dc = 1.398 g/cm^3, μ = 1.039 mm^-1, F（000） = 2128, the final R = 0.0540 and wR = 0.1287 for 5002 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. The two compounds have the same space group and similar isolated dinuclear structure, but different space packing structures are formed by different weak intermolecular interactions. Mo- reover, IR and luminescence spectra are also employed to study the crystal structures and pro- perties of these two compounds.

2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清Hcy、HbAlc和血尿酸水平变化的临床意义

目的探讨2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)和血尿酸水平变化的临床意义。方法选取2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者60例为合并冠心病组,单纯2型糖尿病患者45例为单纯糖尿病组,健康志愿者30名为健康对照组。采集空腹外周静脉血,检测血清Hcy、HbAlc及血尿酸水平;行冠状动脉造影检查,记录冠脉狭窄程度50%及以上的病变累及左前降支、回旋支或右冠脉的支数(单支病变、双支病变、多支病变)。收集2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者的年龄、性别、身高、体质量、吸烟情况及低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、维生素B12、叶酸水平。进行3 a随访,记录患者病情加重再入院、死亡情况。结果合并冠心病组血清Hcy、HbAlc及血尿酸水平明显高于单纯糖尿病组和健康对照组(P<0.05);多支病变患者血清Hcy、HbAlc及血尿酸水平明显高于双支病变和单支病变患者(P<0.05);预后不良组患者血清Hcy、HbAlc及血尿酸水平明显高于预后良好组患者(P<0.05);预后不良组患者中吸烟比例、空腹血糖水平明显高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。Hcy、HbAlc、血尿酸是2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者预后的独立影响因素。ROC曲线分析显示,血清Hcy、HbAlc及血尿酸水平对2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者预后具有较高的预测价值(P<0.05),联合检测的预测价值最高(AUC=0.947)。结论2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清Hcy、HbAlc及血尿酸水平升高,且与冠脉病变程度密切相关,联合检测可用于患者预后评估。

基于2-硫代巴比妥酸构筑零维原子簇{[Cu_(6)(H_(2)tba)_(6)]·2DMF·xSolvent}、二维层状{[Sc(H_(2)tba)_(3)(DMF)]·2DMF}_(n)和三维网状{[Fe(H_(2)tba)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·2DMF}_(n)

分别以Cu(ClO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O、Sc(ClO_(4))_(3)·6H_(2)O和Fe(ClO_(4))_(3)·9H_(2)O为金属盐,2-硫代巴比妥酸(H_(3)tba)为配体,通过扩散反应得到了3种不同结构的配合物{[Cu_(6)(H_(2)tba)_(6)]·2DMF·xSolvent}(1)、{[Sc(H_(2)tba)_(3)(DMF)]·2DMF}_(n)(2)和[Fe(H_(2)tba)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)]_(n)(3),并用红外光谱、元素分析、热重分析和粉末X射线衍射对配合物进行了表征。单晶X射线衍射结构分析表明配合物1是一个具有三方反棱柱构型的六核铜原子簇合物,配合物2是一个具有二维层状结构的化合物,配合物3是一个具有三维网状结构的配位聚合物。配合物1在390 nm光照激发下在735 nm处有强的荧光发射峰。

富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌介导生成次生高铁矿物的影响

为揭示富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)氧化酸性矿山废水(AMD)中的Fe^(2+)和形成次生高铁矿物的影响,分析了pH、Fe^(2+)氧化率、铁沉淀率以及次生高铁矿物矿相、基团等相关指标。结果表明,Ca^(2+)确实具有提高嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe^(2+)的能力。低质量浓度(0.2 g/L)的富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌活性的提高具有促进作用,高质量浓度(0.4 g/L)的富里酸具有抑制作用,而增加Ca^(2+)反过来能够减弱高浓度富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的抑制作用。对形成的次生高铁矿物进行X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析,结果表明高浓度富里酸促进了另一次生高铁矿物草黄铁矾的生成。

Ni/ZrO_(2)-SO_(4)^(2-)催化剂的制备及其催化甲烷与CO_(2)制乙酸性能

以Zr(NO_(3))4·5H_(2)O和Ni(NO_(3))2·6H_(2)O为原料、(NH4)2CO_(3)为沉淀剂,采用溶胶凝胶-硫酸酸化两步法制备了Ni/ZrO_(2)-SO_(4)^(2-)催化剂,采用XRD,FTIR,SEM,N_(2)吸附-脱附,H_(2)-TPR,NH3-TPD等方法对Ni/ZrO_(2)-SO_(4)^(2-)催化剂进行表征,考察了Ni的引入方式对催化剂的结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,与共沉淀方式引入Ni制备的Ni/ZrO_(2)-SO_(4)^(2-)催化剂相比,采用溶胶凝胶方式引入Ni制备的催化剂的四方相ZrO_(2)占比更高,表面酸量更多,且具有良好的热稳定性和较强的L酸性;采用溶胶凝胶方式引入Ni制备的Ni/ZrO_(2)-SO_(4)^(2-)催化剂的乙酸生成量明显优于共沉淀方式引入Ni制备的Ni/ZrO_(2)-SO_(4)^(2-)催化剂。四方相ZrO_(2)、酸性位点和过渡金属Ni之间的协同作用促进了甲烷与CO_(2)直接反应合成乙酸。

Cu(110)晶面催化还原CO_(2)制备甲酸机理的第一性原理研究

铜基催化剂是一种高效还原CO_(2)为甲酸的绿色催化剂,明确不同晶面的还原机理对催化剂的设计及开发具有重要指导意义,但Cu(110)晶面的催化机理尚不明确。采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对Cu(110)表面的还原机理进行了研究,系统研究了不同中间产物的吸附相关性质并探讨了相关的吸附机理。吸附能结果表明,CO_(2)在Cu(110)表面无法发生化学吸附,而^(*)COOH、^(*)HCOO、HCOOH分子和H原子的最稳定吸附位点分别为长桥位点、短桥位点、顶位点和HCP位点。布居数结果表明,^(*)HCOO和HCOOH分子在吸附过程中与Cu(110)表面的Cu原子形成离子键,H原子和Cu原子之间存在氢键作用,^(*)COOH分子中的C和Cu原子形成共价键。此外,电子态密度结果表明^(*)HCOO基团和Cu原子之间形成O—Cu键,^(*)COOH基团中的C和Cu原子形成C—Cu键,HCOOH分子中的O和Cu原子形成O—Cu键。相比于^(*)COOH/Cu(110)体系,^(*)HCOO/Cu(110)吸附体系的电荷密度、电荷转移量和成键能力均较强,说明CO_(2)在Cu(110)还原过程中中间体^(*)HCOO更稳定,合成路径属于更加高效的:CO_(2)→^(*)HCOO→HCOOH路径。

富含γ-氨基丁酸红小豆对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的调节作用

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是世界范围内最普遍代谢性疾病,已成为全球流行的健康问题。豆类为基础的饮食有助于预防和控制T2DM发生及发展。为了研究富含γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)红小豆的健康效应,该研究构建T2DM模型,对富含GABA红小豆膳食干预的小鼠糖脂代谢水平、肝功能相关指标进行分析。结果显示,高剂量富含GABA红小豆组(TF3)对抵抗超重具有一定效果,且可显著降低空腹血糖水平(P<0.05),恢复机体对血糖的调节能力,减轻胰岛素抵抗。与M组相比,各处理组不同程度降低T2DM小鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿素和肌酐水平,其中TF3及阳性对照组平衡血糖及调节T2DM小鼠肝肾损伤效果更好,同时可缓解高脂饮食造成的肝脏、胰腺和盲肠组织病理性损伤。表明富含GABA红小豆膳食可改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢水平,并可缓解肝脏、胰腺和盲肠组织病理性损伤。该研究为富含GABA功能食品研发及应用提供理论依据。

废烟气脱硝催化剂中TiO_(2)资源化回收实验研究

采用高温碱浸和酸洗的方法对废选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂进行处理,研究碱浸和酸洗对催化剂各组分的浸出效果,考察温度对催化剂浸出行为的影响规律。结果表明,碱浸温度的提高促进V和W的浸出,210℃时V和W的浸出率分别为82.38%和74.92%。经高温碱浸和酸洗处理后,Al、Ca、Na等杂质的最高浸出率均可达98%以上,回收TiO_(2)的纯度较高,可用于生产新催化剂。高温碱浸会破坏催化剂的结构,有利于后续HCl处理对杂质的去除,除杂效果优于直接酸洗处理。高温碱浸过程中会生成Na_(2)TiO_(3),经HCl反应并水解后会形成新的TiO_(2)颗粒,形成更多的小孔,比表面积增大。

超临界CO_(2)对致密碳酸盐岩力学特性影响

采用超临界CO_(2)破致密碳酸盐岩具有破裂压力低,易形成复杂缝特点,但其作用的力学机理尚未清晰。选用马家沟组致密白云岩样,采用高温高压超临界CO_(2)饱和流体法,研究了岩样在超临界CO_(2)+地层水的流体中浸泡不同时间后的物性、声波响应、岩石力学特性和破裂形态特征。结果表明,随着浸泡时间增加,化学溶蚀作用引起溶蚀孔径增大,岩样孔隙度、渗透率增加,而声波速度、动态和静态岩石力学参数均下降;当浸泡时间大于1.0 d后,岩样物性参数增大和力学强度降低明显;随着浸泡时间增加,岩样破裂形态由单一低角度剪切缝向高角度剪切缝、共轭缝和剪切、张型复合缝等复杂形态发展;压裂短时间内(小于1.0 d)超临界CO_(2)+地层水形成的弱酸对岩石力学强度劣化程度有限。

新标09CrCuSb耐酸钢的耐50%H_(2)SO_(4)腐蚀性能

通过电化学测试和全浸腐蚀试验,研究了不同温度(25,50,60,70℃)条件下新标09CrCuSb耐酸钢在50%H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:随着温度从25℃升至70℃,新标09CrCuSb钢的腐蚀速率整体呈现增大趋势,在70℃时,腐蚀速率达到最高,为2.70 g/(m^(2)·h),这与随温度升高,腐蚀产物中具有保护性作用的Fe_(3)O_(4)含量减少,无保护作用的FeSO_(4)·H_(2)O含量增加以及锈层中微孔变化有关。另外,由于新标调整了09CrCuSb钢中Cu、Mo、Sn、Sb、W等元素的含量,与旧标09CrCuSb钢相比,阳极维钝电流密度J维钝降低,同等温度条件下,新标09CrCuSb钢的耐蚀性得到较大改善。