Reactive extraction for intensifying 2-ethylhexyl acrylate synthesis using deep eutectic solvent [Im:2PTSA]

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate(2-EHA)is one of the most widely used acrylates in the polymer industry,which is synthesized via Fisher esterification that is limited by chemical equilibrium.To intensify the esterification process,in this work,reactive extraction concept is proposed,with halogen-free deep eutectic solvent(DES[Im:2PTSA])as dual solvent-catalyst that consists of imidazole(Im)and p-toluenesulfonamide(PTSA).The bifunctional effects of the DES[Im:2PTSA]are evaluated by thermodynamic analysis and experimental study.Favorable phase splitting is verified byσ-potential analysis predicted by COSMO-RS theory,combined with experiments,and the optimal acid-to-alcohol molar ratio is set to 1.2.The esterification kinetics is then experimentally determined and fitted using the molar-based and activity-based pseudo-homogeneous(PH)models,respectively.The activity-based PH model,that considers the bifunctional roles of the DES,proves to be more accurate with small RMSD of 0.0344.The stability of DES after recycling is validated to further confirm the industrial prospects of DES[Im:2PTSA]in 2-EHA production.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (Z)-Methyl-3-methoxy-2-{2-[(4-(E-3-p-tolylacryloyl)phenoxy)methyl]phenyl}acrylate

The title compound,（Z）-methyl-3-methoxy-2-{2-[（4-（E-3-p-tolylacryloyl）phenoxy）-methyl]phenyl}acrylate,was synthesized and determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system,space group P1 with a = 8.0157（8）,b = 12.5748（13）,c = 13.3768（14） ,α = 64.770（2）,β = 75.720 （2）,γ = 89.784（2）°,μ = 0.085 mm-1,Mr = 442.49,V = 1174.1（2） 3,Z = 2,Dc = 1.252 g/cm3,F（000） = 468,T = 294（2） K,R = 0.0603 and wR = 0.1498 for 2644 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the single crystal contains strong non-classical hydrogen bonds. The preliminary bioassay showed that the title compound exhibits inhibitory activity against the Pseudoperoniospora cubensis and Rhizoctonia solani at the test concentration of 200 mg/L.

微纳米α-Al_(2)O_(3)改性丙烯酸树脂-有机硅烷复合钝化对不锈钢硬度及耐蚀性的影响

通过微纳米α-Al_(2)O_(3)改性丙烯酸树脂-有机硅烷复合而成的无铬钝化液作用于不锈钢基板表面,探究其在不锈钢表面形成的微纳米α-Al_(2)O_(3)钝化膜对不锈钢表层性能的影响。通过表面硬度测试、扫描电镜测试,分析基板表面特征。同时,通过涂层附着力测试和电化学测试,探究涂层的粘结强度和基板的耐蚀性能。结果表明,经微纳米α-Al_(2)O_(3)改性的无铬钝化液使不锈钢板材的耐蚀性显著提升,同时对其表面硬度的提升效果达到80%。

Synthesis and Performances of Poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) Used for Warp Sizing

A series of poly （ 2-ethylhexyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid ） s （ P （2-EHA-co-AA） ）s with different mole contents of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate （ 2-EHA ） were synthesized through free radical copolymerization in ethanol for investigating the influences of copolymer composition upon the performance such as apparent viscosity, film behaviors, and adhesion to fibers for warp sizing. The content of 2-EHA was varied from 80 % to 40 %. The adhesion was estimated by measuring tensile strength and work-to-break of impregnated roving. The film behaviors were evaluated in terms of breaking strength, breaking elongation, work-to-break, and flex- fatigue resistance. It was observed that the viscosity, adhesion, and film behaviors of the copolymers strongly depended on the content of 2-EHA. Excessively increasing or decreasing the content of 2-EHA units incorporated into the copolymeric chains reduces the serviceability of P（2-EHA-co-AA） in warp sizing. The adhesion and film behaviors of the copolymcr reach their maximal values at mole content of 50 % simultaneously. Therefore, the copolymer used as sizing agent should be synthesized under equal mole of 2-EHA and AA in monomer formulation.

Synthesis of Ethyl 3-Fluoroalkyl-3-Halo Acrylate With CH_2N_2

When ethyl 3-fluoroalkyl-3-haloacrylate was treated with excess CH2N2,1-methyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-fluoroalkylpyr azoles(3)and 1-methyl-5-ethoxycarbonyl-4-fluoroalkylpyrazoles(4)were obtained with a ratio of 90-95:10-5 in good yield.

Swelling Properties of New Hydrogels Based on the Dimethyl Amino Ethyl Acrylate Methyl Chloride Quaternary Salt with Acrylic Acid and 2-Methylene Butane-1,4-Dioic Acid Monomers in Aqueous Solutions

Hydrogels of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt (Q9) have been synthesized with different monomer ratio by copolymerization of this poorly studied monomer either with acrylic acid or with 2-methylene bu-tane-1,4-dioic acid. Hydrogel swelling was measured as a function of the composition of the hydrogel and of the crosslinking agent ratio. High values of swelling have been obtained at very high crosslinking values (【14 wt %) and the equilibrium swelling was reached at very low time (less than 15 minutes). The swelling isotherms consisted of a steep initial portion and then levelled off as asymptotically to the equilibrium swelling limit. The experimental data suggest clearly that the swelling process obeys second-order kinetics. According to this, the kinetics rate constant and the equilibrium water content were determined at different comonomer composition and crosslinker concentration. The calculated kinetic constants ranged from 0.48 to 3.76 ×10-2 min-1 for poly (acrylic acid-co-Q9) hydrogels and from 0.68 to 4.0 ×10-2 min-1 for poly (2-methylene butane-1,4-dioic acid-co-Q9) hydrogels depending on the hydrogels composition. The diffusion process was evaluated for each hydrogel showing a non-Fickian type diffusion. In all cases was observed a considerable increase in diffusion coefficient as Q9 content increases.

XRD Pattern of Liquid Crystal Monomer Acrylate That Conjugated with Cholesterol and p-Hydroxyphenyl-2-Methyl Butanoic

It was successfully synthesized liquid crystal monomer acrylate that conjugated with two mesogens were cholesterol and p-hydroxyphenyl-2-methyl Butanoat which called MA （monomer cholesteryl acrylate） and monomer （S）-（＋）-4-（2-Methyl butanoat-l-butyloxy） phenyl 4-[1-（propenoyloxy） butyloxy] benzoate （MB）. Two monomers were characterized by DSC （differential scanning calorimetry）, POM （polarization optical microscopy） and XRD （X-ray diffraction）. Mesophase temperatures of MA and MB are 81.28 ~C and 54.36~C, respectively. Textures analysis by POM shows that MA was oily streak and MB was schlieren. XRD pattern shows the strongest three peaks of MA at room temperature which are （20, deg）： 2.7153, 5.2992 and 18.8500. The Strongest three peaks of MB at room temperature are （20, deg）： 9.1726, 9.7707 and 12.5389. XRD pattern of MA and MB at mesophase and above mesophase temperature that each peaks disappear.

Cooperative catalytic effects between the penta-coordinated Al and Al_(2)O_(3)in Al_(2)O_(3)-AlPO_(4)for aldol condensation of methyl acetate with formaldehyde to methyl acrylate

The bare amorphous Al_(2)O_(3)-AlPO_(4)and Cs/Al_(2)O_(3)-AlPO_(4)catalysts were developed for the aldol condensation of methyl acetate with formaldehyde to methyl acrylate.The structure and property of catalyst were characterized by XRD,XPS,BET,Pyridine-IR,FT-IR,^(27)Al-MASNMR,NH_(3)-/CO_(2)-TPD and SEM.The correlation between structural features and acid-base properties was established,and the loading effect of the cesium species was investigated.Due to cooperative catalytic effects between the penta-coordinated Al and Al_(2)O_(3),the weak-Ⅱacid and medium acid site densities and the product selectivity were improved.While the basic site densities of these catalysts were almost in proportion to the conversion of methyl acetate.The loaded Cs could form new basic sites and change the distribution of acid sites which further enhance the catalytic performance.As a result,the 10Cs/8AlP was proved to be an optimal catalyst with the yield and selectivity of 21.2%and 85%for methyl acrylate respectively.During the reaction,a deactivation behavior was observed on 10Cs/8AlP catalyst due to the carbon deposition,however,it could be regenerated by thermal treatment in the air atmosphere at 400℃.

STRUCTURE OF 1-BROMOMETHYL-7, 7-DIMETHYLBICYCLO[2.2.1]HEPT-2-YL ACRYLATE AND THE PROPERTIES OF ITS POLYMER

In this paper, the structure of 1-bromomethyl-7,7-dimethyl btcyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl acrylate has been studied by X-ray diffraction, and the relation between the molecular structure and the properties of polymerization and its polymer have been discussed.

SYNTHESES OF A NOVEL POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTITUTED 2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE AND ITS COPOLYMERS

Polyfluoroalkyl substituted 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate 6 was synthesized in six steps usingglycerol as a starting material. A preliminary investigation has been taken on the synthesisand characterization of copolymers of 6 and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

量子点修饰g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe_(2)O_(3)纳米杂化材料的制备及在水性环氧-丙烯酸酯乳液中的应用

水性环氧-丙烯酸酯乳液(WEP)因污染小、附着力好、耐候性好被广泛应用于涂料领域,但其不尽如意的耐腐蚀性大大限制了其在防腐涂料领域的应用。文中采用煅烧法制备了g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe_(2)O_(3)纳米杂化材料,微波法制备了柠檬酸碳量子点溶液,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射分析、X射线光电子能谱仪和透射电子显微镜分析了g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe_(2)O_(3)杂化粒子的结构和形态,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合涂层的形貌,通过电化学阻抗谱和盐雾实验研究了WEP、g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe_(2)O_(3)/WEP、经量子点修饰的g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe_(2)O_(3)/WEP涂层的耐腐性能。结果表明,Fe_(2)O_(3)粒子成功负载到了g-C_(3)N_(4)纳米片上,经柠檬酸量子点修饰后,g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe_(2)O_(3)在WEP中具有良好的分散性,经柠檬酸量子点修饰的g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe_(2)O_(3)/WEP乳液涂膜在质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡1 d时阻抗高达1.5×10^(10)Ω·cm^(2),较纯WEP乳液涂膜高出2个数量级;浸泡7 d后,复合涂层阻抗值仍高达8.7×10^(9)Ω·cm^(2);盐雾168 h后复合涂层表面锈蚀较少。

玉米芯半纤维素基水凝胶对Pb^(2+)吸附性能和机理

以玉米芯半纤维素(木聚糖)为原料,以丙烯酸(AA)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAm)为功能单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,在光引发剂安息香二甲醚(DMPA)紫外引发下,通过接枝聚合,制备水凝胶吸附剂,利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析水凝胶吸附金属离子前后的结构,并研究pH、吸附剂用量、温度、金属离子初始浓度、吸附时间对Pb^(2+)吸附性能的影响。结果表明:吸附平衡时间约为300min,对Pb^(2+)的最大吸附容量为1095mg/g。水凝胶对金属离子的吸附为离子交换机制,吸附行为符合动力学准二级模型和Langmuir方程,半纤维素基水凝胶对重金属废水具有显著的吸附效果,可以作为重金属废水处理用的生物质吸附剂。

Preparation and Surface Properties of Silicon-Containing Waterborne Polyurethane Functionalized with Fluorine-Containing Acrylate and Micro-Nano Silica

In order to prepare hydrophobic waterborne polyurethane coatings with better performances, the silicon-containing waterborne polyurethane（SiWPU） with functional chain extender hydroxyethyl acrylate（HEA） was prepared first, and then a series of silicon＆fluorine-containing polyurethane/acrylate（FSiPUA） emulsions were obtained with flourine containing acrylic monomer by seed emulsion polymerization, introducing micro-nano SiO2 into FSiPUA emulsion to make the final hybrid emulsion. The properties of Si WPU, FSiPUA and SiO2/FSiPUA were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectra（FTIR）, transmission electron microscope（TEM）, Scanning Electron Microscope（SEM） and some other analytical methods. The results revealed that FSiPUA emulsion particles possessed composite core-shell structure and FSiPUA films with suitable ratio performed better than Si WPU films in hardness, water resistance and solvent resistance. The SiO2/FSiPUA films with micro-nano dual roughness structure showed a water contact angle of 136° with good resistance to acid and alkali.

The Application of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Fiber Grafted Acrylic Acid as a Cation Exchanger for Removing Cu^(12)

The polytetrafluoroethylene fiber grafted acrylic acid was used as a cation exchanger. The exchange capacity of the cation fiber is 3.06 mmol/g. The maximum Cu2+ adsorption capacity is 107.48 mg/g. It could be desorbed completely by 1mol/L HCl.

TiO_(2)/有机硅溶胶改性含氟苯丙乳液的制备及性能表征

为改善含氟苯丙乳液的疏水性、热稳定性及力学性能,以钛酸丁酯(TBT)、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出TiO_(2)/有机硅溶胶(TS),并将其与丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、苯乙烯(ST)、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(G04)及其他丙烯酸类功能单体作为主要原料,通过半连续加料法及种子乳液聚合,制备出一种TiO_(2)/有机硅溶胶改性的含氟苯丙乳液(TS-BHSAG)。探讨了不同TS含量对乳液转化率的影响,利用FTIR、纳米粒度仪、稳定性分析仪、XPS、XRD、SEM、AFM、TGA表征研究了乳液及乳胶膜的结构组成及应用性能。结果表明,当TS含量逐渐增加时,乳液转化率及稳定性呈持续下降趋势;随着TS含量增加,乳液平均粒径从55.58 nm增至106.16 nm;FTIR及XPS结果显示,TS-BHSAG乳胶膜中形成了Si-O-Si、Si-O-Ti、CF2键,证实TS被初步合成,且其与G04一起被引入聚合物中;XRD结果表明,TS是以无定形相分散于丙烯酸树脂基体中;通过SEM与AFM观察到,TS纳米粒子在乳胶膜表面构成峰状粗糙结构,增强了乳液的疏水性能;TGA结果表明,在热失重为10%及50%时,TS-BHSAG的热分解温度分别为380.59℃、415.39℃,在600℃时,乳胶膜的残余质量分数从4.78%增加到8.56%;当TS添加量为3%时,TS-BHSAG乳胶膜的接触角为121°,附着力为1级,耐冲击性能为50 cm,硬度为2H,吸水率为6.1%。

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON COPOLYMERIZATION PARAMETERS OF HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE AND METHYL METHACRYLATE

The copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA, M//1) and methyl methacrylate (MMA, M//2) in cyclohexanone was studied. The multiple experiments of solution copolymerization with low conversion were carried out at two sensitive composition feed points at 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 degree C, respectively. The composition of the copolymers was analyzed by **1H-NMR. The reactivity ratios which were estimated by the Error-in-Variable Method (EVM) of Mayo-Lewis equation were found to be r//1 equals 0.328, r//2 equals 1.781 for 60 degree C; 0.375, 1.709 for 80 degree C; 0.406, 1.654 for 100 degree C; 0.439, 1.540 for 120 degree C and 0.455, 1.400 for 140 degree C, and the 95% joint confidence intervals of the reactivity ratios were also determined. According to r//1 and r//2, Arrhenius relations and the activity energy difference between the homo- and cross-propagation were calculated. (Author abstract) 12 Refs.

氯醚树脂/纳米SiO_(2)改性丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及其在水性油墨中的应用研究

以氯醚树脂和乙烯基纳米SiO_(2)为共聚单体,采用半间歇种子乳液聚合方法制备了氯醚树脂/纳米SiO_(2)改性丙烯酸酯复合乳液,并制备了水性油墨,测定或表征了其性能。研究结果表明:(1)成功制备了复合乳液;(2)SiO_(2)粒子在乳胶膜中分散较为均匀,氯醚树脂/纳米SiO_(2)改性丙烯酸酯复合乳液性能稳定,与同类产品E0503丙烯酸酯乳液相比,复合乳液的固含率更高,黏度更小,固化后薄膜的柔韧性更强,在应用方面具有一定的优势;(3)将复合乳液与色浆按照10∶4的比例配制水性油墨,墨层性能可以达到行业内平均水平。与同类产品E0503丙烯酸酯乳液配制的水性油墨相比,复合乳液水性油墨墨层在附着牢度和抗光老化性能方面具有明显优势。

丙烯酸2-乙基己酯与丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚合成高吸油性树脂的研究

以丙烯酸2-乙基己酯和丙烯酸羟乙酯为单体进行共聚合,聚合体系中并不加入交联剂,采用悬浮聚合的方法制得自交联型高吸油性树脂,测定了树脂的吸油性能。系统地研究了影响树脂吸油性能的诸多因素,包括单体配比、引发剂用量、油水相比等。结果表明:树脂的吸油倍率随着单体配比、引发剂用量、油水相比的变化而出现一最佳值,而且树脂对不同油品的吸收能力并不相同,其吸油倍率依次为:甲苯>苯>环己烷>煤油,吸收甲苯可达21.5gg-1, 吸收苯可达20.5gg-1,对不同油品的吸收能力不同这一现象从理论上进行了解释。同时,还测定了树脂的吸油速率和热失重曲线,结果说明树脂在吸油4小时后达到饱和吸收,在370℃以下不分解,说明该树脂在常温下稳定,是一种理想的工业用废液的处理剂。

聚[丙烯酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸]/蒙脱石三元复合高吸水性树脂的合成与性能研究

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚[丙烯酸钠/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)]/蒙脱石三元复合高吸水性树脂,研究了反应温度、中和度、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、AMPS用量、蒙脱石添加量等对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,加入30％的AMPS和10％的蒙脱石后,产品后处理容易,吸水率达到827 g/g,吸盐水率达到126 g/g,与聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂相比,吸水速度提高约30％,保水率提高约20％,且具有很好的凝胶强度。IR谱图表明AMPS参与了聚合反应,并初步表示聚丙烯酸(盐)已接枝在蒙脱石表面上。

歧化松香(丙烯酸-2-羟基乙基酯)酯的合成

通过对歧化松香(DPR)分别进行酰氯化和酯化反应成功制备了DPR(丙烯酸-2-羟基乙基酯)酯。考察了反应过程中反应温度、反应时间以及原料物质的量之比对DPR酰氯化反应的影响,确定了DPR酰氯化反应的最佳条件(DPR与三氯化磷(PCl3)的物质的量比为1∶0.33,反应温度50℃,反应时间3h),并对DPR酰氯的酯化反应进行了研究。实验结果表明:温度对于DPR酰氯化反应的影响较小;而原料物质的量之比对反应程度的影响较大,PCl3用量的增加有利于反应程度的增加。实验结果还显示IR、13CNMR和GC-MS联用分析技术可有效地对反应过程进行跟踪。