2-D Modeling and Calculations of Stratospheric Ozone and Influences of Convection, Diffusion, and Time

An engineering system approach of 2-D cylindrical model of transient mass balance calculations of ozone and other concerned chemicals along with fourteen photolysis, ozone-generating and ozone-depleting chemical reaction equations was developed, validated, and used for studying the ozone concentrations, distribution and peak of the layer, ozone depletion and total ozone abundance in the stratosphere. The calculated ozone concentrations and profile at both the Equator and a 60˚N location were found to follow closely with the measured data. The calculated average ozone concentration was within 1% of the measured average, and the deviation of ozone profiles was within 14%. The monthly evolution of stratospheric ozone concentrations and distribution above the Equator was studied with results discussed in details. The influences of slow air movement in both altitudinal and radial directions on ozone concentrations and profile in the stratosphere were explored and discussed. Parametric studies of the influences of gas diffusivities of ozone DO3 and active atomic oxygen DO on ozone concentrations and distributions were also studied and delineated. Having both influences through physical diffusion and chemical reactions, the diffusivity (and diffusion) of atomic oxygen DO was found to be more sensitive and important than that of ozone DO3 on ozone concentrations and distribution. The 2-D ozone model present in this paper for stratospheric ozone and its layer and depletion is shown to be robust, convenient, efficient, and executable for analyzing the complex ozone phenomena in the stratosphere. .

circFAT1调节miR-211-5p/CCND2轴对糖尿病心肌病大鼠心肌损伤的影响

目的探讨circFAT1对糖尿病心肌病(DCM)大鼠心肌损伤的影响及对miR-211-5p/细胞周期蛋白D2(CCND2)轴的调节机制。方法利用高糖高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素建立DCM大鼠模型,并随机分为DCM组、circ-NC组、circFAT1组、circFAT1+激动剂-NC组和circFAT1+miR-211-5p激动剂组,以喂食普通饲料的大鼠作为对照组,每组20只。实时PCR检测心肌组织中circFAT1、miR-211-5p、CCND2水平;Western blotting检测心肌组织CCND2蛋白表达;生化分析仪检测大鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)水平;心脏超声检测大鼠心功能;HE和Masson染色观察心肌组织病理形态;TUNEL染色检测心肌细胞凋亡情况;ELISA法检测白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证circFAT1、miR-211-5p、CCND2之间的靶向关系。结果与对照组相比,DCM组circFAT1、CCND2 mRNA及蛋白表达,左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)水平降低(P<0.05),FBG、TC、TG、左心室舒张末期直径(LVEDd)、左心室收缩末期直径(LVEDs)、胶原容积分数(CVF)、细胞凋亡率、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均升高(P<0.05);与DCM组相比,circFAT1组circFAT1、CCND2 mRNA及蛋白表达,LVEF、LVFS水平升高(P<0.05),FBG、TC、TG、LVEDd、LVEDs、CVF、细胞凋亡率、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05);miR-211-5p激动剂逆转了circFAT1对DCM心肌损伤的缓解作用,且CCND2 mRNA及蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。结论circFAT1通过调控miR-211-5p/CCND2轴减轻DCM大鼠心肌组织损伤。

Multi-dimensional Simulation of Phase Change by a 0D-2D Model Coupling via Stefan Condition

Considering phase changes associated with a high-temperature molten material cooled down from the outside,this work presents an improvement of the modelling and the numerical simulation of such processes for an application pertaining to the safety of light water nuclear reactors.Postulating a core meltdown accident,the behaviour of the core melt(aka corium)into a steel vessel is of tremendous importance when evaluating the vessel integrity.Evaluating correctly the heat fluxes requires the numerical simulation of the interaction between the liquid material and its solid counterpart which forms during the solidification process,but also may melt back.To simulate this configuration,encoun-tered in various industrial applications,one considers a bi-phase model constituted by a liquid phase in contact and interaction with its solid phase.The liquid phase may solidify in presence of low energetic source,while the solid phase may melt due to an intense heat flux from the high-temperature liquid.In the frame of the in-house legacy code,several simplifying assumptions(0D multi-layer discretization,instantaneous heat transfer via a quadratic temperature profile in solids)are made for the modelling of such phase changes.In the present work,these shortcomings are illustrated and further overcome by solving a 2D heat conduction model in the solid by a mixed Raviart-Thomas finite element method coupled to the liquid phase due to heat and mass exchanges through Stefan condition.The liquid phase is modeled with a 0D multi-layer approach.The 0D-liquid and 2D-solid mod-els are coupled by a Stefan like phase change interface model.Several sanity checks are performed to assess the validity of the approach on 1D and 2D academical configurations for which exact or reference solutions are available.Then more advanced situations(genu-ine multi-dimensional phase changes and an"industrial-like scenario")are simulated to verify the appropriate behavior of the obtained coupled simulation scheme.

A Survey on Deep Learning-Based 2D Human Pose Estimation Models

In this article,a comprehensive survey of deep learning-based(DLbased)human pose estimation(HPE)that can help researchers in the domain of computer vision is presented.HPE is among the fastest-growing research domains of computer vision and is used in solving several problems for human endeavours.After the detailed introduction,three different human body modes followed by the main stages of HPE and two pipelines of twodimensional(2D)HPE are presented.The details of the four components of HPE are also presented.The keypoints output format of two popular 2D HPE datasets and the most cited DL-based HPE articles from the year of breakthrough are both shown in tabular form.This study intends to highlight the limitations of published reviews and surveys respecting presenting a systematic review of the current DL-based solution to the 2D HPE model.Furthermore,a detailed and meaningful survey that will guide new and existing researchers on DL-based 2D HPE models is achieved.Finally,some future research directions in the field of HPE,such as limited data on disabled persons and multi-training DL-based models,are revealed to encourage researchers and promote the growth of HPE research.

1Cr16Co5Ni2MoWVNbN耐热钢球座模锻成型工艺模拟与试验验证

通过热压缩模拟实验研究了1Cr16Co5Ni2MoWVNbN耐热钢在热变形过程中的动态再结晶行为,通过Deform 3D有限元数值模拟研究了应变速率和坯料尺寸对1Cr16Co5Ni2MoWVNbN耐热钢球座模锻成型工艺的影响。热压缩试验结果表明,1Cr16Co5Ni2MoWVNbN耐热钢发生动态再结晶、混晶现象不明显的临界变形量约为20%,增大应变速率有利于在小变形量下,获得更加均匀的组织。数值模拟结果表明,随着应变速率提高,模锻件最小变形区域的等效应变与等效应力均增加,随着坯料直径增加,模锻件最小变形区的等效应变下降,等效应力先降低后提高。应变速率为0.1 s^(-1)时,坯料直径ϕ60 mm~ϕ65 mm,最小变形区域工程应变可达到20%以上,且具有较好的锻造成型性。根据数值模拟结果,设计了直径ϕ60 mm、高度74 mm的坯料,以0.1 s^(-1)的应变速率进行模锻验证试验,试制出的锻件成型好、组织与硬度均匀,验证了数值模拟结果的合理与可行性。

Numerical three-dimensional modeling of earthen dam piping failure

A physically-based numerical three-dimensional earthen dam piping failure model is developed for homogeneous and zoned soil dams.This model is an erosion model,coupled with force/moment equilibrium analyses.Orifice flow and two-dimensional(2D)shallow water equations(SWE)are solved to simulate dam break flows at different breaching stages.Erosion rates of different soils with different construction compaction efforts are calculated using corresponding erosion formulae.The dam's real shape,soil properties,and surrounding area are programmed.Large outer 2D-SWE grids are used to control upstream and downstream hydraulic conditions and control the boundary conditions of orifice flow,and inner 2D-SWE flow is used to scour soil and perform force/moment equilibrium analyses.This model is validated using the European Commission IMPACT(Investigation of Extreme Flood Processes and Uncertainty)Test#5 in Norway,Teton Dam failure in Idaho,USA,and Quail Creek Dike failure in Utah,USA.All calculated peak outflows are within 10%errors of observed values.Simulation results show that,for a V-shaped dam like Teton Dam,a piping breach location at the abutment tends to result in a smaller peak breach outflow than the piping breach location at the dam's center;and if Teton Dam had broken from its center for internal erosion,a peak outflow of 117851 m'/s,which is 81%larger than the peak outflow of 65120 m3/s released from its right abutment,would have been released from Teton Dam.A lower piping inlet elevation tends to cause a faster/earlier piping breach than a higher piping inlet elevation.

长三角D-2日电能量市场机制设计

立足于我国多层次市场体系建设现状和国、网、省三级调度业务架构,界定现阶段区域内省间市场和跨区省间市场在全国统一电力市场中的功能定位。为了解决不同范围、不同周期市场的衔接问题,提出建设长三角D-2日电能量市场,通过D-2日电能量市场统筹全网电力电量平衡,保障区外送电计划的可执行性,实现市场从中长期到日前的平滑过渡。引入市场用户报量报价参与区域市场;设计市场衔接、市场定价、偏差处理等关键机制;考虑到华东电网是耦合关系复杂的交流电网,构建全网络出清模型。算例结果表明,D-2日电能量市场有利于全网资源优化配置,保障全网电力安全以及解决发电侧市场力问题,证明了市场机制设计的有效性。

频率域可控源电磁法2.5D正反演

CSEM有MT不可比拟的优势,得到国内外学者多年的大力发展,但是,其数据处理水平尚停留在1D和2D近似解释阶段。2.5D相对来说更加符合实际情况(3D),要想进一步发展该方法,必须开展CSEM 2.5D或3D正演和反演研究。采用有限元法实现了CSEM 2.5D正演模拟,在验证其代码有效的前提下,计算了水平地形和地堑地形的电磁场响应。采用共轭梯度法实现了对场值直接进行反演的算法。从试算低阻和高阻模型的结果可知,反演算法精度高,计算速度快,初步达到了实用化的程度。

基于Working Model 2D运动仿真的机构设计

介绍了基于Working Model 2D运动仿真的机构设计。该文利用该软件对四杆机构进行运动仿真和运动分析,结合Excel实现凸轮机构的凸轮轮廓线的设计并作运动仿真。此软件简单易学,仿真过程形象直观,为机构设计提供了一个极好的工具。

基于2.5D模型和3D模型的重震联合反演对比分析

由于三维可视化显示技术的复杂性和任意形状、多个沉积层模型三维正演计算的复杂性,目前国内外大多采用2.5D模型。本文根据南方海相油气勘探的实际情况,编制了基于3D模型的可视化重震交互反演系统。通过理论模型的验证,对实际资料处理结果的对比,3D重震联合反演克服了2D或2.5D模型难以模拟复杂地质构造带的问题,较好地解决了海相地区地震资料品质差、信噪比低导致地震解释模糊甚至无法给出解释的困难,取得了明显的地质解释效果。

基于线条画的2.5D卡通模型

在卡通设计中,为了通过少量的2D视图生成卡通对象任意方向的视图,形成类似对象旋转的3D效果,提出一种基于线条画输入的2.5D卡通模型.基于正交的2个视线方向上卡通对象的线条画,把其中的笔画表示为2.5D结构并进行分类,然后根据笔画的类别分别用形状插值或类比的方法生成新的形状;用画家算法结合分组的方法判断笔画的可见性,以自动生成2个输入方向中任意方向的视图.实验结果表明,该模型减少了对特定绘画程序的依赖,在中间视图的质量上比已有方法有很大提高.

基于几何结构的2.5D卡通建模

二维卡通制作技术大致分为计算机辅助2D卡通动画制作和利用3D建模技术渲染生成动画。将两者结合,提出一种2.5D卡通制作模型,通过几何结构的旋转进行纹理贴图,并构造卡通的旋转过程。在2D动画中,一个卡通形象本身隐含几何结构,将卡通形象定义为由只含一个典型几何结构卡通元素构成的卡通对象,利用典型几何结构二维投影变化规律,构建相应结构卡通元素的变形算法,分析长方体和球体卡通元素在转动时投影的变化规律,给出基于这些规律实现相应结构卡通元素伪3D转动效果的算法。通过长方体、球体、圆柱体进行旋转的实验结果证明了算法的有效性。

工业设计专业产品2.5D表达教学研究

高校专业课程设置及教学效果直接影响学生就业后的工作能力。文章从优化专业课程角度出发,通过对部分大型工业设计公司的用人条件调查,分析了工业设计专业毕业生在设计表达方面不足的原因,结合数位板技术,将产品2.5D表达引入教学;在分析产品2.5D表达概念、特点的基础上,进行了相关课程群建立、混合教学模式训练、软件实验模式综合、网络教学平台建立与使用、结合企业资源共建试验教学等多种探索。

2.5D角联锁芳纶机织复合材料的压缩性能研究

探讨2.5D角联锁芳纶机织复合材料的压缩性能。测试了4种结构的2.5D角联锁芳纶机织复合材料的经向压缩强度和压缩模量及纬向压缩强度和压缩模量,分析了其结构与压缩性能间的关系。试验结果表明:伸直状态的衬经纱对2.5D角联锁芳纶机织复合材料的经向压缩性能有较大贡献;伸直状态的衬纬纱对2.5D角联锁芳纶机织复合材料的纬向压缩性能有较大贡献。认为应根据实际应用环境所需要的压缩强度和压缩模量来设计2.5D角联锁芳纶机织复合材料的结构。

老年结肠癌患者NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA表达变化和意义

目的探讨染色体凝缩蛋白复合物I(NCAP)D2、Krüppel样因子(KLF)5蛋白及跨膜受体蛋白Notch1 mRNA对老年结肠癌患者预后的预测价值。方法选取老年结肠癌患者85例,术中采集肿瘤组织和正常组织(距离肿瘤组织5 cm以上),Western印迹检测组织标本中NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白表达,反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测组织标本中Notch1 mRNA表达。收集老年结肠癌患者的人口学特征和临床病理资料;以患者出院时日期为随访起点,进行3年随访,记录患者生存情况,分为预后良好组(生存),不良组(死亡)。结果老年结肠癌患者结肠癌组织中NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA表达水平明显高于正常组织(P<0.01)。NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA表达水平在不同病理分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况、远端转移情况的结肠癌患者差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);其中,浸润程度T3~T4、有淋巴结转移、有远端转移的结肠癌患者NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA表达水平明显高于浸润程度T1~T2、无淋巴结转移、无远端转移的结肠癌患者(P<0.01);随着分化程度的降低,结肠癌患者NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA表达水平逐渐升高(P<0.01)。不良组NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA表达水平明显高于预后良好组(P<0.01)。构建受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA表达水平对老年结肠癌患者预后均具有较高的预测价值(P<0.01);各指标联合检测对老年结肠癌患者预后的预测价值最高。结论老年结肠癌患者肿瘤组织中NCAPD2、KLF5蛋白及Notch1 mRNA高表达,且与浸润程度、分化程度及转移情况密切相关,联合检测可用于患者预后评估。

粗线条的2.5D硅转接板高速信号布线设计与仿真分析

硅转接板作为2.5D集成的核心结构,通过TSV(through silicon via)提供垂直互联大大缩短了连线长度;同时其热膨胀系数与芯片较好匹配,并兼容圆片级工艺,因此硅转接板拥有着广阔的应用与发展空间。然而由于现有的封装工艺条件的限制,以及半导体硅高损耗的特性,在实现高速信号的高密度集成时,会出现损耗、串扰等多方面的信号完整性问题。结合封装工艺,针对硅转接板10μm线宽的RDL(redistribution layer)传输线多种布线结构在ANSYS的全波电磁场仿真软件HFSS中建立模型。通过仿真,得出硅衬底对传输线电性能的影响;以及单端和差分传输线的合理布线方式,并且提出了高速传输线的高密度排布结构。通过20μm线宽RDL传输线的高频电测试与仿真的结果分析,得出转接板RDL制作工艺的可靠性以及仿真方法的准确性,同时得出RDL层间介质厚度对传输线高频电性能的影响。

2D 2.5D 3D以及4D之间的差异

２Ｄ２．５Ｄ３Ｄ以及４Ｄ之间的差异［美国］Ａ．ＫｅｉｔｈＴｕｒｎｅｒ有人提议，一名研究地理学的地质学家也应该是一名化学家，其实，许多地质学家和化学家具有共同的特征：也就是他们都对自己的标本的化学组成感兴趣。地质学家尤其对他们的样本所在的位置感兴趣，样...

Influence of formation heterogeneity on foam flooding performance using 2D and 3D models:an experimental study

The formation heterogeneity is considered as one of the major factors limiting the application of foam flooding.In this paper,influences of formation properties,such as permeability,permeability distribution,interlayer,sedimentary rhythm and 3D heterogeneity,on the mobility control capability and oil displacement efficiency of foam flooding,were systematically investigated using 2D homogeneous and 2D/3D heterogeneous models under 120°C and salinity of 20×10~4 mg/L.The flow resistance of foam was promoted as the permeability increased,which thus resulted in a considerable oil recovery behavior.In the scenario of the vertical heterogeneous formations,it was observed that the permeability of the high-permeable layer was crucial to foam mobility control,and the positive rhythm appeared favorable to improve the foam flooding performance.The additional oil recovery increased to about 40%.The interlayer was favorable for the increases in mobility reduction factor and oil recovery of foam flooding when the low permeability ratio was involved.For the 3D heterogeneous formations,foam could efficiently adjust the areal and vertical heterogeneity through mobility control and gravity segregation,and thus enhancing the oil recovery to 11%–14%.The results derived from this work may provide some insight for the field test designs of foam flooding.

Role of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL5 in SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced lung inflammatory innate immune response in an in vivo hACE2 transfection mouse model

Understanding the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and clarifying antiviral immunity in hosts are critical aspects for the development of vaccines and antivirals.Mice are frequently used to generate animal models of infectious diseases due to their convenience and ability to undergo genetic manipulation.However,normal adult mice are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2.Here,we developed a viral receptor(human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,hACE2)pulmonary transfection mouse model to establish SARS-CoV-2 infection rapidly in the mouse lung.Based on the model,the virus successfully infected the mouse lung 2 days after transfection.Viral RNA/protein,innate immune cell infiltration,inflammatory cytokine expression,and pathological changes in the infected lungs were observed after infection.Further studies indicated that neutrophils were the first and most abundant leukocytes to infiltrate the infected lungs after viral infection.In addition,using infected CXCL5-knockout mice,chemokine CXCL5 was responsible for neutrophil recruitment.CXCL5 knockout decreased lung inflammation without diminishing viral clearance,suggesting a potential target for controlling pneumonia.

基于深度强化学习的D2D辅助MEC网络资源分配算法

利用多接入边缘计算(multi-access edge computing,MEC)和终端直传通信(Device to Device,D2D)技术,可以提升电力智能巡检中传感数据传输和处理的能力,但需要解决频谱复用和干扰条件下的网络资源优化分配问题。针对D2D辅助的MEC网络,文章提出了一种基于深度强化学习的资源联合优化分配算法。首先在频道复用与干扰、功率和计算等资源约束条件下,分析了D2D辅助的MEC网络的终端容量、功耗和时延计算方法;然后综合考虑吞吐量、功耗和时延等指标要求,建立了基于综合效益函数最大化的资源优化分配模型;最后采用深度强化学习算法实现任务卸载和资源分配的联合优化。仿真结果表明,该算法可有效提升系统容量和任务卸载的综合性能。