Based on the theory of grain boundary segregation, a kinetics model of temper em-brittlement caused by long-term service for hot-wall hydrofining reactors was studied.The kinetics model was applied to phosphorus (P) s...Based on the theory of grain boundary segregation, a kinetics model of temper em-brittlement caused by long-term service for hot-wall hydrofining reactors was studied.The kinetics model was applied to phosphorus (P) segregation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steelused for a hot-wall hydrofining reactor, and the kinetics of grain boundary segrea-tion of impurity P in the steel exposed to the process environment of the hydrofiningreactor was calculated on the basis of the model. The Auger electron spectroscopytest was performed in order to determine the grain boundary concentration of P. Theexperimental result is agreement with the theoretical calculated data. The results showthat the kinetics equation is reasonable for predicting the levels of grain boundarysegregation of impurity P in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel used for hot-wall hydrofining reactors.展开更多
The effects of hydrogen atoms on behaviour of low cycle fatigue of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel have been investigated in present work. The results indicate that the cyclic softening rate and low cycle fatigue life are respective...The effects of hydrogen atoms on behaviour of low cycle fatigue of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel have been investigated in present work. The results indicate that the cyclic softening rate and low cycle fatigue life are respectively increased and reduced remarkably by hydrogen atoms. In addition, hydrogen atoms make the original stress amplitude of low cycle fatigue increase, which is because of the drag effect of hydrogen atoms on the moving dislocations. Analyses using electron microscopy show that hydrogen atoms accelerate crack initiation of low cycle fatigue from inclusion and transfer the source of low cycle fatigue crack from the surface of specimen to the inclusion, which results in the marked decrease of low cycle fatigue life. The increase of cyclic softening rate for hydrogen charged specimen is due to hydrogen atoms accelerating the initiating and growing of microvoids from the secondary phase particles in the steel. The reducing of the drag effect of hydrogen atoms on moving dislocations is also helpful to the increase of the cyclic softening rate.展开更多
The quantitative determination of the mass fractions of precipitates in steels is very difficult using traditional materials characterization techniques. The Rietveld full-pattern fitting algorithm was introduced to s...The quantitative determination of the mass fractions of precipitates in steels is very difficult using traditional materials characterization techniques. The Rietveld full-pattern fitting algorithm was introduced to solve this problem. The precipitated multicomponents’ mass fraction of M3C, MC, M7C3 and M23C6 were evaluated precisely and relatively quickly. It is found evolution of carbides apparently occurs during tempering at high temperatures, and a two-step transformation mechanism is proposed for M7C3 during early tempering treatment. The method is an effective way on the investigation of precipitation kinetics, which may play a promising role in propertities’ enhancement and design of the heat-resistant steels.展开更多
In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 11...In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.展开更多
文摘Based on the theory of grain boundary segregation, a kinetics model of temper em-brittlement caused by long-term service for hot-wall hydrofining reactors was studied.The kinetics model was applied to phosphorus (P) segregation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steelused for a hot-wall hydrofining reactor, and the kinetics of grain boundary segrea-tion of impurity P in the steel exposed to the process environment of the hydrofiningreactor was calculated on the basis of the model. The Auger electron spectroscopytest was performed in order to determine the grain boundary concentration of P. Theexperimental result is agreement with the theoretical calculated data. The results showthat the kinetics equation is reasonable for predicting the levels of grain boundarysegregation of impurity P in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel used for hot-wall hydrofining reactors.
文摘The effects of hydrogen atoms on behaviour of low cycle fatigue of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel have been investigated in present work. The results indicate that the cyclic softening rate and low cycle fatigue life are respectively increased and reduced remarkably by hydrogen atoms. In addition, hydrogen atoms make the original stress amplitude of low cycle fatigue increase, which is because of the drag effect of hydrogen atoms on the moving dislocations. Analyses using electron microscopy show that hydrogen atoms accelerate crack initiation of low cycle fatigue from inclusion and transfer the source of low cycle fatigue crack from the surface of specimen to the inclusion, which results in the marked decrease of low cycle fatigue life. The increase of cyclic softening rate for hydrogen charged specimen is due to hydrogen atoms accelerating the initiating and growing of microvoids from the secondary phase particles in the steel. The reducing of the drag effect of hydrogen atoms on moving dislocations is also helpful to the increase of the cyclic softening rate.
基金Funded by the New Products Development Research Projects of Shang-hai Baoshan Iron & Steel Research Institute(X08ECEJ160)
文摘The quantitative determination of the mass fractions of precipitates in steels is very difficult using traditional materials characterization techniques. The Rietveld full-pattern fitting algorithm was introduced to solve this problem. The precipitated multicomponents’ mass fraction of M3C, MC, M7C3 and M23C6 were evaluated precisely and relatively quickly. It is found evolution of carbides apparently occurs during tempering at high temperatures, and a two-step transformation mechanism is proposed for M7C3 during early tempering treatment. The method is an effective way on the investigation of precipitation kinetics, which may play a promising role in propertities’ enhancement and design of the heat-resistant steels.
基金Funded by the New Product Research Program(No.X18ECQ0A00)of Baoshan Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.
文摘In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.
