2009年12月22日欧盟正式公布了关于化妆品的新法规ECNo.1223/2009,新法规于2013年7月11日在27个欧盟成员国(以及挪威、冰岛和列支敦士登)中作为国家法律正式实施.此项法规将取代旧的化妆品指令76/768/EEC及相应修订文件.从2013年7月11...2009年12月22日欧盟正式公布了关于化妆品的新法规ECNo.1223/2009,新法规于2013年7月11日在27个欧盟成员国(以及挪威、冰岛和列支敦士登)中作为国家法律正式实施.此项法规将取代旧的化妆品指令76/768/EEC及相应修订文件.从2013年7月11日开始,欧洲经济区(EEA)市场中销售的化妆品必须符合新颁布的欧盟化妆品法规的要求,其中,该法规第15条(1)和(2)条款中关于致癌、致畸和致突变( Carcinogenic,Mutagenic orToxic for Reproduction,简称CMR)禁令已于2010年9月1日正式开始执行,第16条(3)条款关于纳米材料的通告已于2013年1月11日正式开始执行.展开更多
Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to p...Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to produce biofuels from vegetable oil in a refinery. Vegetable oils can be processed or co-processed in these units if several adaptations are performed, so some properties could be improved in comparison with conventional fuel such as density and cetane number. This study highlights the theoretical greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (using a life cycle assessment–LCA-approach) of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) from bibliographical data. Results were compared with other biofuel production processes, such as those obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). It has also been included the comparison with conventional fossil diesel as a benchmark in order to assess the theoretical compliance with GHG savings proposed in European Directive 2009/28/EC. Finally, ongoing projects and future perspectives in Spain are mentioned.展开更多
文摘2009年12月22日欧盟正式公布了关于化妆品的新法规ECNo.1223/2009,新法规于2013年7月11日在27个欧盟成员国(以及挪威、冰岛和列支敦士登)中作为国家法律正式实施.此项法规将取代旧的化妆品指令76/768/EEC及相应修订文件.从2013年7月11日开始,欧洲经济区(EEA)市场中销售的化妆品必须符合新颁布的欧盟化妆品法规的要求,其中,该法规第15条(1)和(2)条款中关于致癌、致畸和致突变( Carcinogenic,Mutagenic orToxic for Reproduction,简称CMR)禁令已于2010年9月1日正式开始执行,第16条(3)条款关于纳米材料的通告已于2013年1月11日正式开始执行.
文摘Oil hydrotreating units in refineries are aimed at reducing the sulfur content of fuels to accomplish standard par-ticular specifications. However, this process is currently one of the best available technologies to produce biofuels from vegetable oil in a refinery. Vegetable oils can be processed or co-processed in these units if several adaptations are performed, so some properties could be improved in comparison with conventional fuel such as density and cetane number. This study highlights the theoretical greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions (using a life cycle assessment–LCA-approach) of a hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) from bibliographical data. Results were compared with other biofuel production processes, such as those obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil (FAME, fatty acid methyl ester). It has also been included the comparison with conventional fossil diesel as a benchmark in order to assess the theoretical compliance with GHG savings proposed in European Directive 2009/28/EC. Finally, ongoing projects and future perspectives in Spain are mentioned.
