BACKGROUND： Researchers discovered that serum prolactin could rise following an epileptic seizure. The prolactin level might reach three times more than basic level within 30 minutes and decrease to the normal value ...BACKGROUND： Researchers discovered that serum prolactin could rise following an epileptic seizure. The prolactin level might reach three times more than basic level within 30 minutes and decrease to the normal value 2 hours after the seizure occurred. The mechanism might result in an increase of serum prolactin concentrations with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. OBJECTIVE：To probe into the correlation between changes of serum prolactin and incidence of epileptic discharges of electroencephalogram （EEG） at 24-36 hours after epileptic onset of patients with secondary epilepsy. DESIGN ： Clinical observational study SEI-FING： Department of Neurology, First Hospital affiliated to Soochow University PARTICIPANTS： A total of 21 patients with secondary epilepsy were selected from the Department of Neurological Emergency or Hospital Room of the First Hospital affiliated to Soochow University from November 2005 to April 2006. There were 14 males and 7 females aged from 25 to 72 years. All patients met International League Anti-epileptic （ILAE） criteria in 1981 for secondary generalized tonic clonic seizure through CT or MRI and previous EEG. All patients were consent. Primary diseases included cerebral trauma （3 cases）, tumor （2 cases）, stroke （7 cases） and intracranial infeion （9 cases）. METHODS ： Venous blood of all patients was collected at 24-36 hours after epileptic onset. Serum prolactin kit （Beckman Coulter, Inc in USA） was used to measure value of serum prolactin according to kit instruction. Then, value of serum prolactin was compared with the normal value （male： 2.64-13.13 mg/L; female： 3.34- 26.72 mg/L）; meanwhile, EEG equipment （American Nicolet Incorporation） was used in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： ① Abnormal rate of serum prolactin of patients with secondary epilepsy; ②Comparison between normal and abnormal level of serum prolactin and incidence of EEG epileptic discharge of patients with secondary epilepsy. RESULTS：All 21 patients with secondary epilepsy were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of serum prolactin level： Among 21 patients with of secondary epilepsy, 10 of them had normal serum prolactin and 11 had abnormal one, and the abnormal rate was 52% （11/21）. ② Detecting results of EEG： EEG results showed that 6 cases were normal and 15 were abnormal, and the abnormal rate was 71% （15/21）. The symptoms were sharp wave, spike wave or sharp slow wave, spike slow wave of epileptic discharges in 8 cases, which was accounted for 38%. ③ Correlation between abnormality of serum prolactin and EEG epileptic wave： Eleven cases had abnormal serum prolactin, and the incidence was 64% （7/11）, which was higher of epileptic wave than that of non-epileptic wave [36% （4/11）, P 〈 0.05]; however, 10 cases had normal serum prolactin, and the incidence was 10% （1/10）. Epileptic wave was lower than non-epileptic wave [90% （9/10）, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION ： The level of serum prolactin of patients with secondary epilepsy is abnormally increased at 24- 36 hours after epileptic onset; in addition, incidence of epileptic discharge is also increased remarkably.展开更多
Background Premature ventricular contractions （PVCs） are frequently seen in children. However, there are less systematic and longer following-up studies examining the prognosis of PVCs in children. The aim of this s...Background Premature ventricular contractions （PVCs） are frequently seen in children. However, there are less systematic and longer following-up studies examining the prognosis of PVCs in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medium to long term prognosis of PVCs in childhood and whether there is a differential prognosis in different primary diseases of PVCs. Methods This study reviewed the data of 106 pediatric patients （49F/57M, 7.5 _ 3.8 years） seen at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with the diagnosis of PVCs between 1999 and 2005. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and echocardiograms of patients were extracted from the available clinical records. Results A total of 35 （33.0%） children presented with PVCs due to myocarditis, 7（6.6%） due to cardiomyopathies, 7（6.6%） due to mitral valve prolapse （MVP）, 10（9.4%） due to operation for congenital heart disease （O-CHD）, 16（15.2%） due to left ventricular false tendons （LVFT）, and 31（29.2%） due to unknown cause. Holter did not show PVCs during follow-up period in 100% of myocarditis patients, 57% of cardiomyopathy patients, 71% of MVP patients, 60% of O-CHD patients, 88% of LVFT patients, 87% of unknown cause patients. The PVCs disappeared in 93% of patients who did not use anti-arrhythmic drugs and in 76% of patients who used anti- arrhythmic drugs. There was no a significant difference in prognosis between myocardial nutrition combined with intravenous injection of immunoglobulin （IVIG） group and propafenone group. Conclusions PVCs caused by different primary diseases has a favorable prognosis in children. Usually, the PVCs will reduce even disappear during follow-up. The patients with PVCs due to myocarditis should be preferred use myocardial nutrient combined with IVIG.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： Researchers discovered that serum prolactin could rise following an epileptic seizure. The prolactin level might reach three times more than basic level within 30 minutes and decrease to the normal value 2 hours after the seizure occurred. The mechanism might result in an increase of serum prolactin concentrations with the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. OBJECTIVE：To probe into the correlation between changes of serum prolactin and incidence of epileptic discharges of electroencephalogram （EEG） at 24-36 hours after epileptic onset of patients with secondary epilepsy. DESIGN ： Clinical observational study SEI-FING： Department of Neurology, First Hospital affiliated to Soochow University PARTICIPANTS： A total of 21 patients with secondary epilepsy were selected from the Department of Neurological Emergency or Hospital Room of the First Hospital affiliated to Soochow University from November 2005 to April 2006. There were 14 males and 7 females aged from 25 to 72 years. All patients met International League Anti-epileptic （ILAE） criteria in 1981 for secondary generalized tonic clonic seizure through CT or MRI and previous EEG. All patients were consent. Primary diseases included cerebral trauma （3 cases）, tumor （2 cases）, stroke （7 cases） and intracranial infeion （9 cases）. METHODS ： Venous blood of all patients was collected at 24-36 hours after epileptic onset. Serum prolactin kit （Beckman Coulter, Inc in USA） was used to measure value of serum prolactin according to kit instruction. Then, value of serum prolactin was compared with the normal value （male： 2.64-13.13 mg/L; female： 3.34- 26.72 mg/L）; meanwhile, EEG equipment （American Nicolet Incorporation） was used in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： ① Abnormal rate of serum prolactin of patients with secondary epilepsy; ②Comparison between normal and abnormal level of serum prolactin and incidence of EEG epileptic discharge of patients with secondary epilepsy. RESULTS：All 21 patients with secondary epilepsy were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of serum prolactin level： Among 21 patients with of secondary epilepsy, 10 of them had normal serum prolactin and 11 had abnormal one, and the abnormal rate was 52% （11/21）. ② Detecting results of EEG： EEG results showed that 6 cases were normal and 15 were abnormal, and the abnormal rate was 71% （15/21）. The symptoms were sharp wave, spike wave or sharp slow wave, spike slow wave of epileptic discharges in 8 cases, which was accounted for 38%. ③ Correlation between abnormality of serum prolactin and EEG epileptic wave： Eleven cases had abnormal serum prolactin, and the incidence was 64% （7/11）, which was higher of epileptic wave than that of non-epileptic wave [36% （4/11）, P 〈 0.05]; however, 10 cases had normal serum prolactin, and the incidence was 10% （1/10）. Epileptic wave was lower than non-epileptic wave [90% （9/10）, P 〈 0.01]. CONCLUSION ： The level of serum prolactin of patients with secondary epilepsy is abnormally increased at 24- 36 hours after epileptic onset; in addition, incidence of epileptic discharge is also increased remarkably.
文摘Background Premature ventricular contractions （PVCs） are frequently seen in children. However, there are less systematic and longer following-up studies examining the prognosis of PVCs in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medium to long term prognosis of PVCs in childhood and whether there is a differential prognosis in different primary diseases of PVCs. Methods This study reviewed the data of 106 pediatric patients （49F/57M, 7.5 _ 3.8 years） seen at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with the diagnosis of PVCs between 1999 and 2005. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, and echocardiograms of patients were extracted from the available clinical records. Results A total of 35 （33.0%） children presented with PVCs due to myocarditis, 7（6.6%） due to cardiomyopathies, 7（6.6%） due to mitral valve prolapse （MVP）, 10（9.4%） due to operation for congenital heart disease （O-CHD）, 16（15.2%） due to left ventricular false tendons （LVFT）, and 31（29.2%） due to unknown cause. Holter did not show PVCs during follow-up period in 100% of myocarditis patients, 57% of cardiomyopathy patients, 71% of MVP patients, 60% of O-CHD patients, 88% of LVFT patients, 87% of unknown cause patients. The PVCs disappeared in 93% of patients who did not use anti-arrhythmic drugs and in 76% of patients who used anti- arrhythmic drugs. There was no a significant difference in prognosis between myocardial nutrition combined with intravenous injection of immunoglobulin （IVIG） group and propafenone group. Conclusions PVCs caused by different primary diseases has a favorable prognosis in children. Usually, the PVCs will reduce even disappear during follow-up. The patients with PVCs due to myocarditis should be preferred use myocardial nutrient combined with IVIG.
