An efficient and facile method for the synthesis of 3-indolyl-substituted phthalides by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with 3-hydroxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one has been developed. Using only 2 mol-% TsOH·H2O a...An efficient and facile method for the synthesis of 3-indolyl-substituted phthalides by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with 3-hydroxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one has been developed. Using only 2 mol-% TsOH·H2O as the catalyst, various substituted indoles can react smoothly at room temperature to give the corresponding phthalides products in good to excellent yields (up to 96%).展开更多
3-(1-Ethyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionic acid has been synthesized by alkylation of 3-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionic acid methyl ester with bromoethane,follo-wed by saponifying and acidating,in 89.0% y...3-(1-Ethyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionic acid has been synthesized by alkylation of 3-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionic acid methyl ester with bromoethane,follo-wed by saponifying and acidating,in 89.0% yield.Its crystal structure was gotten and determined by X-ray diffraction method.The crystal is of orthorhombic,space group P212121 with a = 8.9490(12),b = 11.1010(15),c = 13.0475(18) ,V = 1296.2(3) 3,Z = 4,Dc = 1.334 g/cm3,λ = 0.71073 ,μ(MoKα) = 0.095 mm-1,Mr = 260.29 and F(000) = 552.The structure was refined to R = 0.0306 and wR = 0.1445 for 2612 observed reflections with I 2σ(I).In the crystal structure,molecules are linked to each other through hydrogen bonds of N(2)-H(2)···O(1) and O(3)-H(3)···O(1),generating a three-dimensional network.展开更多
Methyl 3-(5-bromo-l-ethyl-lH-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionate has been synthesized by the acylation of 5-bromo-3-trichloroacetylindole with β-alanine methyl ester, followed by alkylation with ethyl iodide, in 82.6...Methyl 3-(5-bromo-l-ethyl-lH-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionate has been synthesized by the acylation of 5-bromo-3-trichloroacetylindole with β-alanine methyl ester, followed by alkylation with ethyl iodide, in 82.6% yield. Its crystal structure was gotten and determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P2/c with a = 11.7927(8), b = 14.9342(8), c = 9.0060(5) A, β = 101.558(6)°, V = 1553.93(16) A3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.510 g/cm3, 2 = 0.71073 A,μ(MoKa) = 2.656 mm-1, Mr = 353.22 and F(000) = 720. The structure was refined to R = 0.0401 and wR = 0.0825 for 1704 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). In the crystal structure, intermolecular N(2)-H(2)...O(1) hydrogen bond and weak intermolecular bonds (C(1)-H(1)...O(1) and C(10)-H(10B)-O(2)) are formed, and π-π stacking also exists.展开更多
The ab initio method has been used to study the 1-3 H transfer reaction on formamidine substituted by halogen. The calculation results show that the substituted halogen has two effects on the 1-3 H transfer reaction...The ab initio method has been used to study the 1-3 H transfer reaction on formamidine substituted by halogen. The calculation results show that the substituted halogen has two effects on the 1-3 H transfer reaction: decreasing the activation energy and stabilizing the C=N double bond owing to the conjugative effect of p-π-p of products and transition states.展开更多
An efficient synthesis of symmetrical 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-one is achieved via a reaction of acenaphthe-nequinone and indoles catalyzed by solid superacid SO4^2-/TiO2 under solvent-free conditions...An efficient synthesis of symmetrical 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-one is achieved via a reaction of acenaphthe-nequinone and indoles catalyzed by solid superacid SO4^2-/TiO2 under solvent-free conditions at room temperature by grinding, which provides an efficient route to the synthesis of symmetrical 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-one.This procedure offers several advantages including solvent-free conditions,excellent yields of products,simple work-up as well as reuse of catalysts which makes it a useful and attractive protocol for the synthesis of these compounds.展开更多
BaFeO_(3-δ)-derived perovskites are promising cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells.The activity of these perovskites depends on the number of oxygen vacancies in their lattice,which can be tun...BaFeO_(3-δ)-derived perovskites are promising cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells.The activity of these perovskites depends on the number of oxygen vacancies in their lattice,which can be tuned by cationic substitution.Our first-principle calculations show that Ag is a promising substitute for the Fe site,resulting in a reduced oxygen vacancy formation energy compared with the pristine BaFeO_(3-δ).Ag has limited solubility in perovskites,and its introduction generates an Ag metal secondary phase,which influences the cathode performances.In this work,we investigate the matter,using a Ba0:9La0:1Fe_(1-x)AgxO_(3-δ)series of materials as a case study.Acknowledging the limited solubility of Ag in Ba0:9La0:1Fe_(1-x)AgxO_(3-δ),we aim to distinguish the effects of Ag substitution from those of the Ag secondary phase.We observed that Ag substitution increases the number of oxygen vacancies,confirming our calculations,and facilitates the oxygen incorporation.However,Ag substitution lowers the number of holes,in this way reducing the electronic p-type conductivity.On the other hand,Ag metal positively affects the electronic conductivity and helps the redistribution of the electronic charge at the cathode-electrolyte interface.展开更多
文摘An efficient and facile method for the synthesis of 3-indolyl-substituted phthalides by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with 3-hydroxyisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one has been developed. Using only 2 mol-% TsOH·H2O as the catalyst, various substituted indoles can react smoothly at room temperature to give the corresponding phthalides products in good to excellent yields (up to 96%).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.06300581)
文摘3-(1-Ethyl-1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionic acid has been synthesized by alkylation of 3-(1H-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionic acid methyl ester with bromoethane,follo-wed by saponifying and acidating,in 89.0% yield.Its crystal structure was gotten and determined by X-ray diffraction method.The crystal is of orthorhombic,space group P212121 with a = 8.9490(12),b = 11.1010(15),c = 13.0475(18) ,V = 1296.2(3) 3,Z = 4,Dc = 1.334 g/cm3,λ = 0.71073 ,μ(MoKα) = 0.095 mm-1,Mr = 260.29 and F(000) = 552.The structure was refined to R = 0.0306 and wR = 0.1445 for 2612 observed reflections with I 2σ(I).In the crystal structure,molecules are linked to each other through hydrogen bonds of N(2)-H(2)···O(1) and O(3)-H(3)···O(1),generating a three-dimensional network.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.06300581)
文摘Methyl 3-(5-bromo-l-ethyl-lH-indole-3-carbonyl)aminopropionate has been synthesized by the acylation of 5-bromo-3-trichloroacetylindole with β-alanine methyl ester, followed by alkylation with ethyl iodide, in 82.6% yield. Its crystal structure was gotten and determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is of monoclinic, space group P2/c with a = 11.7927(8), b = 14.9342(8), c = 9.0060(5) A, β = 101.558(6)°, V = 1553.93(16) A3, Z = 4, Dc= 1.510 g/cm3, 2 = 0.71073 A,μ(MoKa) = 2.656 mm-1, Mr = 353.22 and F(000) = 720. The structure was refined to R = 0.0401 and wR = 0.0825 for 1704 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I). In the crystal structure, intermolecular N(2)-H(2)...O(1) hydrogen bond and weak intermolecular bonds (C(1)-H(1)...O(1) and C(10)-H(10B)-O(2)) are formed, and π-π stacking also exists.
基金Supported by the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2003A0003M)
文摘The ab initio method has been used to study the 1-3 H transfer reaction on formamidine substituted by halogen. The calculation results show that the substituted halogen has two effects on the 1-3 H transfer reaction: decreasing the activation energy and stabilizing the C=N double bond owing to the conjugative effect of p-π-p of products and transition states.
基金supported by the research foundation of Hebei University of Science and Technology
文摘An efficient synthesis of symmetrical 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-one is achieved via a reaction of acenaphthe-nequinone and indoles catalyzed by solid superacid SO4^2-/TiO2 under solvent-free conditions at room temperature by grinding, which provides an efficient route to the synthesis of symmetrical 2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-one.This procedure offers several advantages including solvent-free conditions,excellent yields of products,simple work-up as well as reuse of catalysts which makes it a useful and attractive protocol for the synthesis of these compounds.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong for support through the projects 16201820,and 16206019.
文摘BaFeO_(3-δ)-derived perovskites are promising cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells.The activity of these perovskites depends on the number of oxygen vacancies in their lattice,which can be tuned by cationic substitution.Our first-principle calculations show that Ag is a promising substitute for the Fe site,resulting in a reduced oxygen vacancy formation energy compared with the pristine BaFeO_(3-δ).Ag has limited solubility in perovskites,and its introduction generates an Ag metal secondary phase,which influences the cathode performances.In this work,we investigate the matter,using a Ba0:9La0:1Fe_(1-x)AgxO_(3-δ)series of materials as a case study.Acknowledging the limited solubility of Ag in Ba0:9La0:1Fe_(1-x)AgxO_(3-δ),we aim to distinguish the effects of Ag substitution from those of the Ag secondary phase.We observed that Ag substitution increases the number of oxygen vacancies,confirming our calculations,and facilitates the oxygen incorporation.However,Ag substitution lowers the number of holes,in this way reducing the electronic p-type conductivity.On the other hand,Ag metal positively affects the electronic conductivity and helps the redistribution of the electronic charge at the cathode-electrolyte interface.