Branched-chain fatty acids from goat milk alleviate ulcerative colitis via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway

Branched-chain fatty acids(BCFAs)are new bioactive fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties.However,the role of BCFAs in alleviating ulcerative colitis has not been clarified.Herein,we evaluated the protective effect of BCFAs from goat milk in mice with colitis induced using dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)and explored the corresponding mechanism.These results show that BCFAs extracted from goat milk can significantly alleviate weight loss in mice,and reduce the disease activity index and the activity of myeloperoxidase while increasing the content of antioxidant enzymes in colon tissue and reducing the oxidation stress response.These data also show that BCFAs can down-regulate the gene and protein expression of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway,and at the same time significantly reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin 1β(IL-1β),and IL-18 in colon tissue,and significantly increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10.In conclusion,these results demonstrated that BCFAs in goat milk exerted effects on colitis-related inflammatory cytokines and inhibited inflammation by inducing the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis.This study provides evidence for the potential of BCFAs as bioactive fatty acids in food products and to ameliorate ulcerative colitis development in mice.

亲水性CIT-NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子的制备及其发光性能研究

采用溶剂热法制备了油溶性稀土掺杂上转换纳米粒子NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+),并利用TEM、XRD、IR、荧光光谱法等考察了反应温度、反应时间、掺杂比等反应条件对纳米粒子形貌、结构、发光性能的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为300℃、反应时间为50 min、稀土离子掺杂比为NaYF_(4)∶20%Yb^(3+),2%Ho^(3+)条件下,制备出的油溶性NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子呈标准六方晶型,尺寸均一、单分散性好,平均粒径为31.55 nm。通过表面配体交换法成功将柠檬酸修饰在其表面,转为亲水性CIT-NaYF_(4)∶Yb^(3+),Ho^(3+)纳米粒子。

Effect of Temperature on the Reaction of 2-(N-acetylamine)-3-(3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic Acid with Oxygen in an Alkaline Condition

Results of oxidation 2-(N-acetylamine)-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid oxygen depend on temperature. At 55℃?- 60℃, 2,4-di-tert-butylbicyclo(4,3,1)deca-4,6-dien-8-(N-acetylamine)-3,9-dion-1-oxa is formed. The constitution is based on dates of spectrums 1Н and 13С NMR. At 95℃?- 97℃, mixtures of 2,4-di-tert-butylbicyclo(4,3,1)deca-4,6-dien-8-(N-acetylamine)-3,9-dion-1-oxa and of 6,8-di-tert-butyl-3-(N-acetylamine)spiro(4,5)deca-1-oxa-5,8-dien-2,7-dione are produced. Structures are calculated by the method of Hartrii-Foka. Values of enthalpies and of entropies allow to assume dynamic isomerism.

A 3D-QSAR Study on C-3 Substituted 4,6-Dichloroindole-2- Carboxylic Acids with Comparative Molecular Field Analysis

Aim and Method Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a threedimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) method was applied to a novelseries of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloioindole-2-carboxylic acids to study the relationship betweentheir structure and the affinity for the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. Result Hie coefficientsof cross-validation q^2 and non cross-validation r^2 for the model established by the study are0.744 and 0.993, respectively, the value of variance ratio F is 261.343, and standard error estimate(SE) is 0.039. Conclusion These values indicate that the CoMFA model may have a good prediction forthe activity of C-3 substituted 4, 6-dichloroin-dole-2-carboxylic acids. As a consequence, thepredicted activity values of new designed compounds supports our conclusion from the model.

4-(溴甲基)-3-氟苯甲酸的合成工艺研究

4-(溴甲基)-3-氟苯甲酸是一种重要医药化工中间体。本文以3-氟-4-甲基苯甲酸为原料,经取代反应得到目标化合物。该合成方法操作简便、后处理操作简便,花费时间少且产物纯度高;此方法为4-(溴甲基)-3-氟苯甲酸的合成提供了合成路线,也为进一步相关类似的合成研究奠定基础。

A Lanthanide-transition Metal Coordination Polymer:{[CuEu(Hbidc)_2(H_2O)_4]·H_2O}_n(H_3bidc=1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic Acid)

The title complex 1,{[CuEu（Hbidc）2（H2O）4]·H2O}n（H3bidc = 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid）,has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic,space group P1,with a = 7.791（2）,b = 12.058（3）,c = 12.109（3）,α = 82.189（5）,β = 72.407（5）,γ = 89.184（4）°,V = 1073.7（5）3,C18H18CuEuN4O13,Mr = 713.86,Dc = 2.208 g/cm3,μ（MoKα） = 3.967 mm-1,F（000） = 700,GOOF = 0.950,Z = 2,the final R = 0.0531 and wR = 0.1068 for I 2σ（I）.Complex 1 possess a tape-like chain structure consisting of Eu2C8O4 and Cu2Eu2C18N4O4 metallic rings alternatively arranged and is the first 3d-4f heterometallic complex based on the 1H-ben-zimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylato ligand（Hbidc）.Plenty of hydrogen-bonding and π...π stacking interactions connect the 1D chains to construct a 3D supramolecular architecture.

Lateral root elongation in maize is related to auxin synthesis and transportation mediated by N metabolism under a mixed NO_(3)^(–) and NH_(4)^(+) supply

A mixed nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) and ammonium (NH_(4)^(+)) supply can promote root growth in maize (Zea mays),however,the changes in root morphology and the related physiological mechanism under different N forms are still unclear.Here,maize seedlings were grown hydroponically with three N supplied in three different forms (NO_(3)^(–)only,75/25 NO_(3)^(–)/NH_(4)^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)only).Compared with sole NO_(3)^(–)or NH_(4)^(+),the mixed N supply increased the total root length of maize but did not affect the number of axial roots.The main reason was the increased total lateral root length,while the average lateral root (LR) length in each axle was only slightly increased.In addition,the average LR density of 2nd whorl crown root under mixed N was also increased.Compared with sole nitrate,mixed N could improve the N metabolism of roots (such as the N influx rate,nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthase (GS)enzyme activities and total amino content of the roots).Experiments with exogenously added NR and GS inhibitors suggested that the increase in the average LR length under mixed N was related to the process of N assimilation,and whether the NR mediated NO synthesis participates in this process needs further exploration.Meanwhile,an investigation of the changes in root-shoot ratio and carbon (C) concentration showed that C transportation from shoots to roots may not be the key factor in mediating lateral root elongation,and the changes in the sugar concentration in roots further proved this conclusion.Furthermore,the synthesis and transportation of auxin in axial roots may play a key role in lateral root elongation,in which the expression of ZmPIN1B and ZmPIN9 may be involved in this pathway.This study preliminarily clarified the changes in root morphology and explored the possible physiological mechanism under a mixed N supply in maize,which may provide some theoretical basis for the cultivation of crop varieties with high N efficiency.

Pig Liver Esterase-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Three Diesters of meso-Bicyclic Dicarboxylic Acid and Three Tetraesters of Tetrahydrofuran -2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic Acid

Three diesters of exo- syn-meso-oxabicyclo (2, 2, 1 ) -hept- 5- ene- 2, 3- dicarboxylic acid and three tetraesters of tetrahydrofuran-2, 3, 4, 5-tetracarboxylic acid were synthesized and tested with enantioselective hydrolysis catalyzed by pig liver esterase(PLE). The results of the PLEcatalyzed hydrolysis were discussed.

1-甲基-3-正丙基-4-氨基-5-吡唑羧酰胺的制备

1 甲基 3 正丙基 5 吡唑羧酸经硝酸 -浓硫酸硝化制得 1 甲基 3 正丙基 4 硝基 5 吡唑羧酸 ,收率 85 %;用氯化亚砜将其酰氯化制得 1 甲基 3 正丙基 4 硝基 5 吡唑羧酰氯 ,该吡唑羧酰氯与浓氨水反应制得 1 甲基 3 正丙基 4 硝基 5 吡唑羧酰胺 ,收率 90 %;硝基吡唑羧酰胺在乙醇中用氯化亚锡还原制得 1 甲基 3 正丙基 4 氨基 5 吡唑羧酰胺 ,收率 84%。研究了反应的较佳合成工艺条件 ,产品经TLC、IR及MS谱进行了结构表征。

微波辅助合成3,4-二氨基苯甲酸

以对氨基苯甲酸为原料,在微波辐射下经乙酰化、硝化、水解及还原反应制得3,4-二氨基苯甲酸(Ⅰ),总收率为67．6%(未用微波辐射时为40．7%),反应时间由6 h缩短为1 h,并探讨了合成条件。在n(p- H2NC6H4COOH):n(Ac2O)=1:2,微波功率800 w的条件下,回流5 min,对乙酰胺基苯甲酸(Ⅱ)的收率为93．8%;n(Ⅱ):n(Ac2O)=1:2,使用过量乙酸酐,在冰水浴中滴完浓硝酸后,在微波功率800 W,回流3 min后,4-乙酰氨基-3-硝基苯甲酸(Ⅲ)的收率为85．3%;在微波功率800 W条件下,Ⅲ与过量的w(KOH)= 50%乙醇溶液,回流5 min,3-硝基-4-氨基苯甲酸(Ⅳ)的收率为93．1%;在Ⅳ的乙醇溶液中,在回流温度下滴加w[(NH4)2S]=9%硫化铵溶液,然后,在微波功率800 W条件下,回流5 min,可得90．8%的目标产物Ⅰ。用IR、1H NMR对化合物Ⅰ～Ⅳ进行了表征。

A 3-fold Interpenetrated lvt Cd(Ⅱ) Network Constructed from 4-[(3-pyridyl)methylamino]benzoate Acid

A new three-dimensional（3D） coordination polymer, [Cd（L）2H2O]n·5nH2O 1 with 4-[（3-pyridyl）methylamino]benzoate acid（HL）, has been synthesized by slow evaporation solvent at room temperature, and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, thermal analysis, fluorescence spectrum and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group I-4, with a = 20.7937（16）, c = 13.515（2）, V = 5843.5（11） 3, C26H34CdN4O10, Mr = 674.97, Dc = 1.534 g/cm3, μ（MoKα） = 0.808 mm-1, F（000） = 2768, Z = 8, the final R = 0.0276 and wR = 0.0691 for 5323 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. The result of thermal analysis shows that 1 is stable under 290 ℃. Moreover, it exhibits blue photoluminescence at room temperature.

绝经后骨质疏松患者血清DPP-4、UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平变化及其与骨代谢指标的相关性

目的检测绝经后骨质疏松患者血清二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)、尿酸(UA)、孕酮(P)、25羟维生素D_(3)[25(OH)D_(3)]水平,并分析其与骨代谢指标的相关性。方法选择2022年2月至2023年2月西安医学院第一附属医院收治的320例绝经后骨质疏松患者作为观察组,并选择同期在我院接受体检的300名健康绝经女性作为对照组,比较两组受检者的血清DPP-4、UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平及骨代谢指标[骨钙素(OC)、I型前胶原氨基末端前肽(PINP)、β-胶联降解产物(β-CTX)及骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)],并采用Pearson法分析血清DPP-4、UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平与骨代谢指标的相关性。结果观察组患者的血清DPP-4水平为(183.41±21.49)IU/L,明显高于对照组的(125.82±13.04)IU/L,UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平分别为(252.83±21.69)μmol/L、(1.23±0.18)nmol/L、(21.21±3.72)ng/mL,明显低于对照组的(304.34±25.77)μmol/L、(1.70±0.22)nmol/L、(32.74±3.51)ng/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者OC、PINP、β-CTX、BALP分别为(8.02±1.18)μg/L、(225.34±34.02)ng/mL、(0.75±0.09)ng/mL、(21.76±3.05)μg/L,明显高于对照组的(5.57±0.84)μg/L、(175.06±26.71)ng/mL、(0.45±0.06)ng/mL、(15.80±2.43)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清DPP-4与OC、PINP、β-CTX、BALP均呈正相关(P<0.05),UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)与OC、PINP、β-CTX、BALP均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松患者血清DPP-4水平升高,UA、P、25(OH)D_(3)水平降低,且均与骨代谢指标具有明显相关性,临床上应予以密切关注。

Synthesis of (2S,4S)-2-Substituted-3- (3-Sulfanylpropanoyl)-6- Oxohexahydropyrimidine-4-Carboxylic Acids as Potential Antihypertensive Drugs

Proceeding from natural amino acid L-asparagine and commercially available aldehydes a stereoselective synthesis was developed of (2S,4S)-2-alkyl(aryl)-3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)-6-oxohexahy- dropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids, potential antihypertensive drugs, inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme.

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸加重FFAR4基因缺失小鼠结肠炎进程

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)是一种慢性肠道疾病,额外营养支持有助于缓解IBD患者病情。研究表明膳食中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸具有良好的抗炎作用,而人群研究表明部分IBD患者额外补充n-3多不饱和脂肪酸无益于其疾病缓解。大规模测序发现n-3多不饱和脂肪酸受体基因FFAR4存在突变,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸在IBD治疗中的不确定结果是否与FFAR4基因的缺失有关,目前尚不清晰。通过对野生型(WT)小鼠和FFAR4基因缺失(FFAR4KO)小鼠进行结肠炎造模,并同时对两组小鼠额外补充n-3多不饱和脂肪酸,实验结果表明,在同时补充n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的情况下,相较于WT小鼠,FFAR4KO小鼠的结肠炎更加严重,表现为更多的体质量丢失、更高的疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)、更高的结肠髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性以及更高的结肠炎症因子转录水平。该研究为IBD患者得到精确营养干预提供了理论依据。

3,4,5-三甲氧基氯苄的正交优化合成

目的:优化合成3,4,5-三甲氧基氯苄的方法。方法:以四氢呋喃为溶剂,3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸在ZnCl2/NaBH4还原体系中制备3,4,5-三甲氧基苄醇,并经正交设计优化合成工艺研究,醇经氯化反应得到3,4,5-三甲氧基氯苄。结果:经过IR、1H-NMR分析,证明产物是3,4,5-三甲氧基氯苄。结论:该工艺可以较高产率地合成3,4,5-三甲氧基氯苄,并且条件温和。

Synthesis of 3,3-Arylidene Bis(4-Hydroxycoumarin) Catalyzed by <i>p</i>-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic Acid (DBSA) in Aqueous Media and Microwave Irradiation

A series of 3,3-arylidene bis(4-hydroxycoumarins) were synthesized by the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 4-hydroxycoumarin using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as Br?nsted acid-surfactant catalyst in aqueous media and under microwave irradiation. The present method is operationally simple and the use of water as the reaction medium makes the process environmentally benign.

Structures and Photoluminescent Properties of Two Complexes Based on Dipyrido[3,2-a：2？,3？-c]phenazine and 2,4＇-Biphenyldicarboxylic Acid

ABSTRAC Two new complexes [Cd（2,4＇-bpdc）（DPPZ）]2n·n H2O（1） and [Zn（2,4＇-Hbpdc）2（DPPZ）]· H2O（DPPZ = dipyrido[3,2-a：2＇,3＇-c]phenazine, 2,4＇-H2bpdc = 2,4＇-biphenyldicarboxylic acid） have been hydrothermally synthesized. The structure of complex 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction diffraction and further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, powder X-ray diffraction（XRD） and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 has 1D chains, which are further connected by π-π stacking interactions of neighbouring chains, generating a steady 3D supramolecular structure. Complex 2 shows the isolated mononuclear units, which are further extended to a 2D supramolecular layered structure through π-π stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, complexes 1 and 2 exhibit green photoluminescent properties at room temperature.

抗坏血酸改性Mn_(3)O_(4)活化过硫酸氢盐降解磺胺甲恶唑

采用水热-超声法制备抗坏血酸(AA)改性的Mn_(3)O_(4)(AA-MO),并通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、TEM和XPS等技术手段表征样品的物理化学性质.将AA-MO用于活化过硫酸氢盐(PMS)降解磺胺甲恶唑(SMX),结果表明,AA-MO/PMS体系在2.0~10.0的pH值范围内催化效能先升后降,在中性和偏中性环境中具有最佳降解效果.PMS浓度和催化剂投加量的增大均能有效促进SMX的降解.稳定性实验显示,在3次循环使用后AA-MO相比MO具有更稳定的催化效能.自由基淬灭结果表明硫酸根自由基(SO_(4)^(·-))在降解反应中起主导作用.AA-MO与PMS之间的电子转移反应产生自由基降解SMX,AA的抗氧化性维持了复合催化剂的高催化性.通过高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)测定了降解过程中可能的6种中间产物.SMX通过开环、S-N键断裂、羟基化以及氧化作用等3种路径被降解.通过ECOSAR软件计算物质的毒性阈值并进行毒理分析,需要关注产物P2、P5和P7的毒性.

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-4-羟基丁酸酯)/聚乳酸纤维的制备及其性能

聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-4-羟基丁酸酯)(P34HB)是极具前景的生物基可降解材料,但结晶慢且加工黏度大等因素使其难以直接熔纺制备纤维。左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)与P34HB化学结构相似,加工温度接近,与P34HB具有协同增强作用。采用熔融纺丝法制备P34HB含量为30%的P34HB/PLLA纤维,研究纤维的力学性能、热稳定性能以及结晶性能。结果发现,2000 m/min的卷绕速率下制备的P34HB/PLLA预牵伸纤维(POY)经1.40、1.75倍牵伸和定形后得到的全牵伸纤维(FDY-1和FDY-2)的断裂强度分别为1.66、2.29 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率分别为33.3%、28.8%;差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试结果显示,POY、FDY-1、FDY-2结晶度分别为62.51%、62.05%、61.36%;XRD衍射仪测试结果也表明POY的结晶度与FDY结晶度相近,这表明在POY成形过程中,纤维中的结晶已经接近完成,P34HB提高了PLLA结晶效率。

Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB p56 in lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids(ω-3FA) on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor κB p56(NF-κBp56) signal pathway in the lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS A total of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, SAP-saline group, SAP-soybean oil group and SAP-ω-3FA group. SAP was induced by the retrograde infusion of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in the lungs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the lungs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in lungs and of inflammatory cytokines in serum significantly increased in the SAP group compared with the control group(P < 0.05), but was significantly decreased in the ω-3FA group compared with the soybean oil group at 12 and 24 h(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION During the initial stage of SAP, ω-3FA can efficiently lower the inflammatory response and reduce lung injury by triggering the TLR4/NF-κBp56 signal pathway.