基于FLOW3D的集成式水下基盘泥沙冲淤三维数值模拟

泥面下集成式水下基盘是为开采渤海通航区等海域油气资源而提出的新型基盘,其基坑周围局部冲淤是工程实践关注的问题之一。基于不可压缩粘性流体运动的Navier-Stokes方程建立泥面下集成式水下基盘基坑周围三维水动力数学模型,对不同粒径和不同流速情况下的局部冲淤进行了模拟。结果表明:泥沙粒径为0.005 mm时,由于泥沙较难起动,基坑附近局部冲淤较小。粒径分别为0.05 mm和0.1 mm时,在典型流速作用下,基盘附近可分别形成1 m左右和4 m左右的淤积。

Depth-Guided Vision Transformer With Normalizing Flows for Monocular 3D Object Detection

Monocular 3D object detection is challenging due to the lack of accurate depth information.Some methods estimate the pixel-wise depth maps from off-the-shelf depth estimators and then use them as an additional input to augment the RGB images.Depth-based methods attempt to convert estimated depth maps to pseudo-LiDAR and then use LiDAR-based object detectors or focus on the perspective of image and depth fusion learning.However,they demonstrate limited performance and efficiency as a result of depth inaccuracy and complex fusion mode with convolutions.Different from these approaches,our proposed depth-guided vision transformer with a normalizing flows(NF-DVT)network uses normalizing flows to build priors in depth maps to achieve more accurate depth information.Then we develop a novel Swin-Transformer-based backbone with a fusion module to process RGB image patches and depth map patches with two separate branches and fuse them using cross-attention to exchange information with each other.Furthermore,with the help of pixel-wise relative depth values in depth maps,we develop new relative position embeddings in the cross-attention mechanism to capture more accurate sequence ordering of input tokens.Our method is the first Swin-Transformer-based backbone architecture for monocular 3D object detection.The experimental results on the KITTI and the challenging Waymo Open datasets show the effectiveness of our proposed method and superior performance over previous counterparts.

Identifying the enhancement mechanism of Al/MoO_(3) reactive multilayered films on the ignition ability of semiconductor bridge using a one-dimensional gas-solid two-phase flow model

Energetic Semiconductor bridge(ESCB)based on reactive multilayered films(RMFs)has a promising application in the miniature and intelligence of initiator and pyrotechnics device.Understanding the ignition enhancement mechanism of RMFs on semiconductor bridge(SCB)during the ignition process is crucial for the engineering and practical application of advanced initiator and pyrotechnics devices.In this study,a one-dimensional(1D)gas-solid two-phase flow ignition model was established to study the ignition process of ESCB to charge particles based on the reactivity of Al/MoO_(3) RMFs.In order to fully consider the coupled exothermic between the RMFs and the SCB plasma during the ignition process,the heat release of chemical reaction in RMFs was used as an internal heat source in this model.It is found that the exothermal reaction in RMFs improved the ignition performance of SCB.In the process of plasma rapid condensation with heat release,the product of RMFs enhanced the heat transfer process between the gas phase and the solid charge particle,which accelerated the expansion of hot plasma,and heated the solid charge particle as well as gas phase region with low temperature.In addition,it made up for pressure loss in the gas phase.During the plasma dissipation process,the exothermal chemical reaction in RMFs acted as the main heating source to heat the charge particle,making the surface temperature of the charge particle,gas pressure,and gas temperature rise continuously.This result may yield significant advantages in providing a universal ignition model for miniaturized ignition devices.

A CFD Based Investigation of the Unsteady Hydrodynamic Coefficients of 3-D Fins in Viscous Flow

The motion of the fins and control surfaces of underwater vehicles in a fluid is an interesting and challenging research subject.Typically the effect of fin oscillations on the fluid flow around such a body is highly unsteady, generating vortices and requiring detailed analysis of fluid-structure interactions.An understanding of the complexities of such flows is of interest to engineers developing vehicles capable of high dynamic performance in their propulsion and maneuvering.In the present study, a CFD based RANS simulation of a 3-D fin body moving in a viscous fluid was developed.It investigated hydrodynamic performance by evaluating the hydrodynamic coefficients (lift, drag and moment) at two different oscillating frequencies.A parametric analysis of the factors that affect the hydrodynamic performance of the fin body was done, along with a comparison of results from experiments.The results of the simulation were found in close agreement with experimental results and this validated the simulation as an effective tool for evaluation of the unsteady hydrodynamic coefficients of 3-D fins.This work can be further be used for analysis of the stability and maneuverability of fin actuated underwater vehicles.

Predication of 3-D Viscous Flowfield of a Centrifugal Impeller

A three-dimensional viscous code has been developed to solve Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The governing equations in finite volume form are solved by two-step Runge-Kutta scheme with implicit residual smoothing. The eddy viscous is obtained using the Baldwin-Lomax model. A prediction of the 3-D turbulent flow and the performance in the “all-over controlled vortex distribution” centrifugal impeller with a vaneless diffuser has been made for the compressor at design and off-design condition. The predicted effi-ciency is a little higher than the experiment data. These results suggest that the present calculation code is able to determine the flow development in the impeller and also the turbulence model in the centrifugal im-peller should be improved.

New algorithm for solving 3D incompressible viscous equations based on projection method

A new algorithm based on the projection method with the implicit finite difference technique was established to calculate the velocity fields and pressure.The calculation region can be divided into different regions according to Reynolds number.In the far-wall region,the thermal melt flow was calculated as Newtonian flow.In the near-wall region,the thermal melt flow was calculated as non-Newtonian flow.It was proved that the new algorithm based on the projection method with the implicit technique was correct through nonparametric statistics method and experiment.The simulation results show that the new algorithm based on the projection method with the implicit technique calculates more quickly than the solution algorithm-volume of fluid method using the explicit difference method.

An Improved Coupled Level Set and Continuous Moment-of-Fluid Method for Simulating Multiphase Flows with Phase Change

An improved algorithm for computing multiphase flows is presented in which the multimaterial Moment-of-Fluid(MOF)algorithm for multiphase flows,initially described by Li et al.(2015),is enhanced addressing existing MOF difficulties in computing solutions to problems in which surface tension forces are crucial for understanding salient flow mechanisms.The Continuous MOF(CMOF)method is motivated in this article.The CMOF reconstruction method inherently removes the"checkerboard instability"that persists when using the MOF method on surface tension driven multiphase(multimaterial)flows.The CMOF reconstruction algorithm is accelerated by coupling the CMOF method to the level set method and coupling the CMOF method to a decision tree machine learning(ML)algorithm.Multiphase flow examples are shown in the two-dimensional(2D),three-dimensional(3D)axisymmetric"RZ",and 3D coordinate systems.Examples include two material and three material multiphase flows:bubble formation,the impingement of a liquid jet on a gas bubble in a cryogenic fuel tank,freezing,and liquid lens dynamics.

Shale oil development techniques and application based on ternary-element storage and flow concept in Jiyang Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

The ternary-element storage and flow concept for shale oil reservoirs in Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin,East China,was proposed based on the data of more than 10000 m cores and the production of more than 60 horizontal wells.The synergy of three elements(storage,fracture and pressure)contributes to the enrichment and high production of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.The storage element controls the enrichment of shale oil;specifically,the presence of inorganic pores and fractures,as well as laminae of lime-mud rocks,in the saline lake basin,is conducive to the storage of shale oil,and the high hydrocarbon generating capacity and free hydrocarbon content are the material basis for high production.The fracture element controls the shale oil flow;specifically,natural fractures act as flow channels for shale oil to migrate and accumulate,and induced fractures communicate natural fractures to form complex fracture network,which is fundamental to high production.The pressure element controls the high and stable production of shale oil;specifically,the high formation pressure provides the drive force for the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons,and fracturing stimulation significantly increases the elastic energy of rock and fluid,improves the imbibition replacement of oil in the pores/fractures,and reduces the stress sensitivity,guaranteeing the stable production of shale oil for a long time.Based on the ternary-element storage and flow concept,a 3D development technology was formed,with the core techniques of 3D well pattern optimization,3D balanced fracturing,and full-cycle optimization of adjustment and control.This technology effectively guides the production and provides a support to the large-scale beneficial development of shale oil in Jiyang Depression.

利用Flow3D模拟台阶式溢洪道水力特性研究

随着计算机技术和CFD领域的不断发展,许多学者开始采用数值模拟方法来详细研究台阶式溢洪道的水力特性,但是目前还没有统一的方法来评价台阶式溢洪道的计算精度。文章利用Flow3D软件,从致密到粗糙三种网格尺寸,模拟了台阶式溢洪道水汽二相流的计算精度。首先采用计算网格收敛指数法(GCI)优化网格尺寸,缩短计算时间,同时保证计算精度;然后,根据物模试验结果,对推荐网格尺寸条件下数值模拟计算结果的准确性进行了评价。结果表明:采用相同的网格加密因子,GCI计算过程大大简化;Flow3D软件计算台阶式溢洪道关键水力参数具有较高的精度,而对于纯水流的计算精度也优于水汽二相流。

基于Flow3D的溢洪道增设联合消能体水力特征影响研究

为研究苏北水利枢纽溢洪道增设收缩墩结构下水力特性影响,采用UG完成溢洪道建模,并借助Flow 3D完成收缩墩截面长边不同方案的流场三维计算。长边超过4 m后,消能池内水位增幅较小,平均增幅仅为5.2%,池内断面水位呈递增状态,但以长边参数低于4 m方案内增幅显著,且超过4 m方案内水位波动性较大。长边4 m方案下压强水平为最高,且沿程断面压强增幅最大也是该方案,改变收缩墩截面尺寸,仅影响消能池压强量值,对消能池内压强分布影响较小。长边参数与流速水平为负相关,但降幅集中在长边2~4 m梯次,最大降幅达24.1%,峰值流速均位于断面24 m处;长边超过4 m后,流速具有阶段性波幅。综合溢洪道水力特征影响特性,认为收缩墩截面长边为4 m设计最优。

基于FLOW 3D的密排管桩防波堤透射系数研究

港内波高大小对泊稳条件影响重大。以海外某离岸式化工码头为工程背景,采用新型密排管桩防波堤为研究对象,探讨不同波浪工况下防波堤的透射性能。基于FLOW 3D的有限差分法,建立具有自由水面的三维数值波浪水池,通过与物理模型试验对比验证模型的准确性,分析在不同波陡、不同周期波浪条件下,不同管桩间缝宽的透射系数。结果表明:随波浪周期的增大,透射系数先增大后趋于平缓,当入射波浪周期大于一定范围时,防波堤对于波浪的掩护作用不再增强;在小周期波浪条件下,透射系数随桩间缝宽的增大而增大,当相对缝宽为0.05时,透射系数低于70%。研究结果可为实际工程应用提供指导。

Mathematical Wave Functions and 3D Finite Element Modelling of the Electron and Positron

The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.

基于Flow3D软件对激光熔覆工艺过程的仿真研究

为了更好的了解工艺参数对激光熔覆过程的影响,本研究采用高斯面热源模型,通过Flow3D软件对激光与氮化硼复合粉末涂层的相互作用过程中温度场的分布以及涂层的演变过程进行了数值仿真模拟,结果表明当激光功率P=660W、扫描速度V=0.14m/s、光斑直径D=12μm时,单道熔覆层的成形效果最好。并根据最佳单道熔覆参数,以理论计算的搭接率设为模拟中的激光扫描间距进行双道搭接实验,得到最佳激光扫描间距为d=30μm,此时成形效果最佳,且无明显搭接痕迹。本研究探讨了不同工艺参数对熔覆层的影响,可为后续激光加工方法与技术的发展提供理论支撑。

3D topographic correction of the BSR heat flow and detection of focused fluid flow

The bottom-simulating reflector（BSR） is a seismic indicator of the bottom of a gas hydrate stability zone. Its depth can be used to calculate the seafloor surface heat flow. The calculated BSR heat flow variations include disturbances from two important factors：（1） seafloor topography, which focuses the heat flow over regions of concave topography and defocuses it over regions of convex topography, and（2） the focused warm fluid flow within the accretionary prism coming from depths deeper than BSR. The focused fluid flow can be detected if the contribution of the topography to the BSR heat flow is removed. However, the analytical equation cannot solve the topographic effect at complex seafloor regions. We prove that 3D finite element method can model the topographic effect on the regional background heat flow with high accuracy, which can then be used to correct the topographic effect and obtain the BSR heat flow under the condition of perfectly flat topography. By comparing the corrected BSR heat flow with the regional background heat flow, focused fluid flow regions can be detected that are originally too small and cannot be detected using present-day equipment. This method was successfully applied to the midslope region of northern Cascadia subducting margin. The results suggest that the Cucumber Ridge and its neighboring area are positive heat flow anomalies, about 10%–20% higher than the background heat flow after 3D topographic correction. Moreover, the seismic imaging associated the positive heat flow anomaly areas with seabed fracture–cavity systems. This suggests flow of warm gas-carrying fluids along these high-permeability pathways, which could result in higher gas hydrate concentrations.

3D FEM simulation of flow velocity field for 5052 aluminum alloy multi-row sprocket in cold semi-precision forging process

Based on the design of the multi-row sprocket with a new tooth profile,a cold semi-precision forging process for manufacturing 5052 aluminum alloy multi-row sprocket was presented.Through simulating the forging process of 5052 aluminum alloy sprocket billet with 3D rigid-viscoplastic FEM,both the distributions of flow velocity field in axial(U_Z),radial(U_R) and circumferential(U_θ) directions and the curves of velocity component in different deformation regions were respectively obtained.By comparison and analysis of the velocity varying curves,the velocity component relation conditions for filling the die cavity were clarified.It shows that when the die cavity is almost fully filled,the circumferential velocity U_θ increases sharply,implying that U_θplays a key role in fully filling the die cavity.

基于FLOW3D模型浅析河道断面形状对河道水力特性的影响

由于自然地理形态各异,研究不同的河道断面形状,有利于认识了解整体河道的水力特性。该文基于FLOW3D模型,实现对5种河道断面形状的数值仿真计算结果的简要分析。通过对断面横、纵向流速的观测得出结论,复式梯形断面可作为最佳河道断面进行研究,曲线断面对河道水力特性的不利影响较为突出。

Numerical simulation of a combined oxidation ditch flow using 3D k-ε turbulence model

The standard three dimensional（3D） k-ε turbulence model was applied to simulate the flow field of a small scale combined oxidation ditch. The moving mesh approach was used to model the rotor of the ditch. Comparison of the computed and the measured data is acceptable. A vertical reverse flow zone in the ditch was found, and it played a very important role in the ditch flow behavior. The flow pattern in the ditch is discussed in detail, and approaches are suggested to improve the hydrodynamic performance in the ditch.

基于Flow 3D的海上风电单桩基础冲刷防护数值模拟研究

基于江苏竹根沙海上风电场项目典型海域水文地质资料,采用Flow 3D数值模拟方法,建立单桩基础局部冲刷数值模拟,分析不同尺寸圆形防护板对单桩基础局部冲刷保护效果的影响规律,得到了以下结论:无防护板时,单桩基础冲刷稳定阶段对应的最大冲刷深度为1.099 m;设置直径为36 m的圆形防冲刷板后,水流流速在防护板与泥面之间的小间隙内快速减缓,桩前出现堆积体,此时最大冲刷深度仅为无防护板时的11.8%左右;直径超过30 m的防护板都能显著限制单桩基础周围的局部冲刷程度,最大冲刷深度都在0.127 m左右。直径为36 m时,防护板所对应的最大冲刷深度最大,为0.13 m,但变化不大,故在实际工程中,可选择较小尺寸的圆形防护板,亦可达到相类似的效果。

基于FLOW3D的梅溪洪濑段桥梁雍水三维数值模拟

为探究桥梁雍水与桥洞堵塞对洪泛区淹没情况的贡献,以山区河道梅溪洪濑段上的8座桥梁为例,借助FLOW3D模型构建精细化三维河道与桥梁模型。模型经过验证,模拟值的绝对误差平均值小于0.05 m,Nash系数大于0.77,表明模拟结果良好。分别计算各桥不同重现期下的雍水值,模拟桥洞堵塞程度的影响。结果表明:从整体来看,上游桥梁雍水值大部分大于下游桥梁点位;七号桥的雍水影响最大,在20 a、50 a和100 a重现期,对桥前洪泛区最大淹没水深的贡献比分别达到15.1%、18.5%与22.7%;桥孔堵塞程度增加的比例与桥前水位增量基本呈线性关系;相对于50 a无堵塞的情况,七号桥堵塞20%对桥前洪泛区最大淹没水深的贡献比又增加了21%,桥前平均水位甚至大于100 a无堵塞的洪水水位。本研究可以为梅溪洪濑段实际桥梁安全防护与河道沿岸洪泛区防洪减灾提供参考。

3D Particle Image Velocimetry Test of Inner Flow in a Double Blade Pump Impeller

The double blade pump is widely used in sewage treatment industry,however,the research on the internal flow characteristics of the double blade pump with particle image velocimetry（PIV） technology is very little at present.To reveal inner flow characteristics in double blade pump impeller under off-design and design conditions,inner flows in a double blade pump impeller,whose specific speed is 111,are measured under the five off-design conditions and design condition by using 3D PIV test technology.In order to ensure the accuracy of the 3D PIV test,the external trigger synchronization system which makes use of fiber optic and equivalent calibration method are applied.The 3D PIV relative velocity synthesis procedure is compiled by using Visual C＋＋ 2005.Then absolute velocity distribution and relative velocity distribution in the double blade pump impeller are obtained.Test results show that vortex exists in each condition,but the location,size and velocity of vortex core are different.Average absolute velocity value of impeller outlet increases at first,then decreases,and then increases again with increase of flow rate.Again average relative velocity values under 0.4,0.8,and 1.2 design condition are higher than that under 1.0 design condition,while under 0.6 and 1.4 design condition it is lower.Under low flow rate conditions,radial vectors of absolute velocities at impeller outlet and blade inlet near the pump shaft decrease with increase of flow rate,while that of relative velocities at the suction side near the pump shaft decreases.Radial vectors of absolute velocities and relative velocities change slightly under the two large flow rate conditions.The research results can be applied to instruct the hydraulic optimization design of double blade pumps.