●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of th...●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of the first-year postgraduate were included.All the residents were novices to cataract surgery.Real-time cataract surgical observations were performed using a custom-built 3D visualization system.The training lasted 4wk(32h)in all.A modified International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric(ICO-OSCAR)containing 4 specific steps of cataract surgery was applied.The self-assessment(self)and expert-assessment(expert)were performed through the microsurgical attempts in the wet lab for each participant.●RESULTS:Compared with pre-training assessments(self 3.2±0.8,expert 2.5±0.6),the overall mean scores of posttraining(self 5.2±0.4,expert 4.7±0.6)were significantly improved after real-time observation training of 3D visualization system(P<0.05).Scores of 4 surgical items were significantly improved both self and expert assessment after training(P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:The 3D observation training provides novice ophthalmic residents with a better understanding of intraocular microsurgical techniques.It is a useful tool to improve teaching efficiency of surgical education.展开更多
中国列车控制系统(Chinese train control system,CTCS)作为一种安全苛求系统,使用前需要经过严格的安全分析和测试。对我国铁路客运干线主要采用的CTCS-3级列控系统而言,由于传统的安全分析方法主要关注单一场景,因而对其复合场景的安...中国列车控制系统(Chinese train control system,CTCS)作为一种安全苛求系统,使用前需要经过严格的安全分析和测试。对我国铁路客运干线主要采用的CTCS-3级列控系统而言,由于传统的安全分析方法主要关注单一场景,因而对其复合场景的安全性分析存在欠缺。此外,CTCS-3列控系统对控制时序有严格要求,现有安全分析方法难以有效解决该问题。为解决上述问题,采用基于系统理论的过程分析方法,以便更全面、更准确地分析CTCS-3级列控系统的安全性。首先,在分析CTCS-3级列控系统典型运营场景的基础上,提取由列控系统直接控车的运营场景,并建立分层控制结构模型;其次,结合时序逻辑辨识运营场景的不恰当控制行为,并将各场景中互不冲突的不恰当控制行为组合成复合场景;最后,对复合场景进行分析,辨识导致不恰当控制行为的控制缺陷。仿真结果表明:系统理论的过程分析方法可以实现对CTCS-3级列控系统复合场景功能的安全性分析。展开更多
基金Supported by research grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFE0204400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82271042+1 种基金No.52203191)the Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Program(No.2023C03090).
文摘●AIM:To determine the teaching effects of a real-time three dimensional(3D)visualization system in the operating room for early-stage phacoemulsification training.●METHODS:A total of 10 ophthalmology residents of the first-year postgraduate were included.All the residents were novices to cataract surgery.Real-time cataract surgical observations were performed using a custom-built 3D visualization system.The training lasted 4wk(32h)in all.A modified International Council of Ophthalmology’s Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric(ICO-OSCAR)containing 4 specific steps of cataract surgery was applied.The self-assessment(self)and expert-assessment(expert)were performed through the microsurgical attempts in the wet lab for each participant.●RESULTS:Compared with pre-training assessments(self 3.2±0.8,expert 2.5±0.6),the overall mean scores of posttraining(self 5.2±0.4,expert 4.7±0.6)were significantly improved after real-time observation training of 3D visualization system(P<0.05).Scores of 4 surgical items were significantly improved both self and expert assessment after training(P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:The 3D observation training provides novice ophthalmic residents with a better understanding of intraocular microsurgical techniques.It is a useful tool to improve teaching efficiency of surgical education.
文摘中国列车控制系统(Chinese train control system,CTCS)作为一种安全苛求系统,使用前需要经过严格的安全分析和测试。对我国铁路客运干线主要采用的CTCS-3级列控系统而言,由于传统的安全分析方法主要关注单一场景,因而对其复合场景的安全性分析存在欠缺。此外,CTCS-3列控系统对控制时序有严格要求,现有安全分析方法难以有效解决该问题。为解决上述问题,采用基于系统理论的过程分析方法,以便更全面、更准确地分析CTCS-3级列控系统的安全性。首先,在分析CTCS-3级列控系统典型运营场景的基础上,提取由列控系统直接控车的运营场景,并建立分层控制结构模型;其次,结合时序逻辑辨识运营场景的不恰当控制行为,并将各场景中互不冲突的不恰当控制行为组合成复合场景;最后,对复合场景进行分析,辨识导致不恰当控制行为的控制缺陷。仿真结果表明:系统理论的过程分析方法可以实现对CTCS-3级列控系统复合场景功能的安全性分析。
