Photocatalytic Oxidation Kinetics of Thiophene with Nano-F^-/Fe^(3+)/TiO_2

Photocatalytic oxidation kinetics of thiophene in n-octane/water extraction system was studied with fluorine and ferric ion codoped nano-TiO2(nano-F-/Fe3+/TiO2) powders used as the photocatalyst.Effects of initial concentration of thiophene and additional dosage of F-/Fe3+/TiO2 on the reaction rate constant and half-life were investigated.The results showed that the appropriately added dosage of F-/Fe3+/TiO2 was 0.1 g in the 100-mL reaction system and the photooxidative kinetics of thiophene in the presence of F-/Fe3+/TiO2 catalyst was of first-order with a rate constant of 0.6508 h-1 and a half-life of 1.0651 h.The desulfurization rate of thiophene was 98.1%in 5 h and the sulfur content could be reduced from 800 ppm to 15 ppm.The reaction rate constant increased with a decreasing initial concentration of thiophene.

Oxidation of Thiophenes over Silica Gel in Hydrogen Peroxide/Formic Acid System

Thiophene C4H4S and 3-methylthiophene3-MC4H4S are typical thiophenenic sulfur compounds that exist in fluid catalytic cracking FCC gasoline. Oxidation of C4H4S and 3-MC4H4S were conducted in hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and formic acid system over a series of silica gel loaded with metal oxide. The silica gel loaded with copper and cobalt 1:1 oxide was found very active for the model compound oxidation using H2O2formic acid, while the silica gel unloaded with metal oxide was less active. The sulfur removal rate of thiophenes was dif- ferent as solvent was changed. And the conversation of C4H4S and 3-MC4H4S was improved at higher temperature, but reduced when olefin was added. The sulfur removal rate of model sulfur compounds was enhanced when the phase transfer catalyst emulsifier polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether or tetrabutylammonium bromideTBAB was added. The sulfur removal rate of simulated gasoline containing 524μg·ml-1 sulfur reached 90%. Interestingly, in a H2O2 and formic acid system with the addition of TBAB, a bromine substitution trend appeared in the oxidation of thiophenes, suggesting the influence of TBAB.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-(3,3'-Bithiophen-2,2'-yl)dibenzothiazole (BTDB) and 2-(Dithieno[2,3-b:3',2' -d]thiophen-2,5-yl)dibenzothiazole (DTTDB)

The title compounds, 2-（3,3＇-bithiophen-2,2＇-yl）dibenzothiazole （BTDB） and 2-（dithieno[2,3-b：3＇,2＇-d]thiophen-2,5-yl）dibenzothiazole （DTTDB）, have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, MS, HRMS and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal of BTDB crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 9.2207（17）, b = 10.453（2）, c = 10.969（2） A, V= 981.2（3） A3 and Z = 2. Crystal data of DTTDB： orthorhombic system, space group Pbcn with a = 4.5290（8）, b = 13.576（3）, c = 32.033（6） A, V= 1969.6（6） A3 and Z = 4.

不同MoO_(3)含量Raney Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)吸附剂的表征及其脱硫性能研究

采用混捏法制备了添加不同质量分数氧化钼的Raney Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)吸附剂,并利用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS等手段对吸附剂进行表征,采用连续固定床反应装置评价吸附剂的脱硫性能。结果表明,当氧化钼负载量为1%时,Raney Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)吸附剂吸附活性最强,比表面积和孔径均达到最大,分别为68.45 m^(2)/g、15.24 nm。此时Raney Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)吸附剂在固定床反应器中对苯中噻吩的脱硫性能最高,饱和硫容达到最大,为35.17 mg/g。MoO_(3)添加量过高时会使吸附剂中的镍产生NiMoO_(4)晶相,堵塞吸附剂表面孔道,骨架镍海绵状结构特征不再明显,吸附活性大大降低。与未改性的Raney Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)吸附剂相比,添加1%MoO_(3)后的吸附剂表面分布更多的金属镍和氧化镍。

Synthesis of 3-Aryl Coumarin Derivatives Using Ultrasound

Coumarins occupy an important place in the realm of natural products and synthetic organic chemistry. A fast and highly efficient green method for synthesizing 3-aryl coumarin derivatives from salicylaldehyde and phenyl acetyl chloride in the presence of tetrahydrofuran and K2CO3 using ultrasound irradiation is reported. Ultrasound assisted reactions have resulted in better yields and faster reaction time of the desired products than when prepared under conventional conditions. The resulting coumarin derivatives were characterized by IR spectrum.

Solvent and Temperature Effects on Spectral Properties of Two Poly(3-alkyl)thiophene Derivatives

Two alkyl substituted polythiophene derivatives: poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and poly(3-decylthiophene)(P3DT), have synthesized by oxidation coupling polymerization of 3-alkylthiophene using iron(III) chloride as catalyst in chloroform. While both polymers in pure chloroform solution have maximum absorption at approximately same wavelength of 440nm, they behave differently with respect to changes observed on their UV-visible and photoluminescence spectra when the quality of the poor solvent is changed in good solvent (chloroform) / poor solvent (methanol) mixtures. With increasing volume fraction of methanol in mixtures, the absorption spectra of P3HT and P3DT red-shift, peaking at maximum wavelength of 495nm (P3HT) and 510nm(P3DT). Furthermore, the absorption spectra of the two polymers in chloroform blue-shift as the temperature rises. P3HT shows 4.73nm blue-shifts at 50℃ in contrast to the case at 20℃, while P3DT blue-shifts about 5.04nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the two polymers in mixed solution are also investigated, which show that the luminescence spectra shift to longer wavelength with an accompanying drop in the PL intensity as methanol is increased. The absorption and emission spectra of the two polymers in a poor solvent and a thin film are similar, which indicate that a similar longer conjugation length in the two cases. It could conclude that the polymers exist almost the same conformations and aggregations in both a poor solvent and a thin film. P3DT exhibits more sensitive spectra properties (big red-shifts in both absorption and luminescence spectra in poor solvents and large blue-shifts at high temperature) with contrast to P3HT, which imply that long side alkyl may improve the chromic properties of the polymer.

Electronic Absorption Spectra and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Property of Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2’,3’-d]Thiophene-5,7,12,13- Tetraone (DNTTRA) and Its Phenyldiazenyl Derivatives: DFT Calculations

Third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have broad application prospects in high-density data storage, optical computer, modern laser technology, and other high-tech industries. The structures and frequencies of Dinaphtho[2,3-b:2’,3’-d]thiophene-5,7,12,13-tetraone (DNTTRA) and its 36 derivatives containing azobenzene were calculated by using density functional theory B3LYP and M06-2X methods at 6-311++g(d, p) level, respectively. Besides, the atomic charges of natural bond orbitals (NBO) were analyzed. The frontier orbitals and electron absorption spectra of A-G5 molecule were calculated by TD-DFT (TD-B3LYP/6-311++g(d, p) and TD-M06-2X/6-311++g(d, p)). The NLO properties were calculated by effective finite field FF method and self-compiled program. The results show that 36 molecules of these six series are D-π-A-π-D structures. The third-order NLO coefficients γ (second-order hyperpolarizability) of the D series molecules are the largest among the six series, reaching 107 atomic units (10-33 esu) of order of magnitude, showing good third-order NLO properties. Last, the third-order NLO properties of the azobenzene ring can be improved by introducing strong electron donor groups (e.g. -N(CH3)2 or -NHCH3) in the azobenzene ring, so that the third-order NLO materials with good performance can be obtained.

副产对映体(R)-N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩)-丙胺的消旋工艺研究

研究盐酸度洛西汀关键手性中间体(S)-N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩)-丙胺的副产对映体(R)-N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩)-丙胺消旋工艺。方法:考察溶剂、消旋试剂、反应温度、反应时间对反应结果的影响,得到优化反应条件。结果:通过浓盐酸对手性副产(R)-N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩)-丙胺的消旋得到盐酸度洛西汀前端中间体N-甲基-3-(1-萘氧基)-3-(2-噻吩)-丙胺。结论:最佳反应条件为:采用底物1倍质量的水作溶剂,温度35~40℃,反应时间48 h,37%盐酸用量为底物质量比2倍时,底物的消旋转化率可达97%以上,消旋产物的粗品得率达92.2%。

3-异烷氧基噻吩的合成

以CuBr为催化剂，NMP为溶剂，在110℃下，3-溴噻吩与过量的甲醇钠反应2．5h生成3．甲氧基噻吩，产率为82％。再以无水NaHSO4为催化剂，在108—115℃下，3-甲氧基噻吩分别与异丁醇、异戊醇、异辛醇发生取代反应合成了3-（2-甲基丙氧基）噻吩、3-（3-甲基丁氧基）噻吩、3-（2-乙基己氧基）噻吩，反应时间分别为：3．3．5、4h，收率分别为72％、67％、63％。这些化合物结构都通过IR、^1HNMR和MS进行了表征，并对其进行了初步香味评价，结果表明，它们都具有基本肉香味的特征。

由二茂铁亚胺环钯催化的Suzuki偶联反应合成具有发光性能的3-芳基噻吩

3-芳基取代噻吩大多是电致发光材料的前体化合物.催化剂摩尔分数为0.5%的二茂铁亚胺环钯化合物在DMF/K3PO4/80℃条件下,能够有效地催化3-噻吩硼酸同芳基碘和芳基溴的Suzuki反应,方便地合成系列3-芳基噻吩衍生物.此方法操作简便,不需要加入过量的3-噻吩硼酸,催化剂用量小.化合物3b,3c和3d的发射光谱和激发光谱表明,此类化合物具有潜在的发光应用性能.

从噻吩合成3-(3-噻吩酮)噻吩

以噻吩作为起始化合物,经溴化、去α-溴、卤素-有机金属锂置换、酰化、羰基加成、氧化等6步反应,制备得到3-(3-噻吩酮)噻吩,总产率20%。3-(3-噻吩酮)噻吩是合成低能隙聚合材料聚合双噻吩芴酮PCDT、氰PCDM的重要原料。

在铕-2-噻吩甲酸-邻菲咯啉三元配合物中La^3＋对Eu^3＋的发光影响

合成了七种不同掺杂比例的稀土高氯酸盐(铕掺镧)与2-噻吩甲酸-邻菲咯啉的固态配合物,对配合物进行了元素分析、稀土络合滴定、摩尔电导测定,确定了配合物组成为(Eu1-xLax)·L3·phen·1/2H2O(x=0·000～0·200,L为2-噻吩甲酸,phen为邻菲咯啉),并测定了配体及配合物的IR谱及荧光激发和发射光谱。摩尔电导数据表明,此类配合物为非电解质。红外光谱测定表明,配体2-噻吩甲酸羧基氧与稀土离子配位,配体1,10-邻菲咯啉两个氮原子与稀土离子配位。荧光光谱测定表明,Eu3+处于无反演对称中心格位上,Eu3+配合物发射强度增大。配合物中La3+对Eu3+的发光产生敏化增强效应,当La3+掺入量为0·005mol时敏化强度最大,随着La3+浓度的增大,对Eu3+的发光敏化强度降低。

聚3-己基噻吩的光电性能研究

利用光电化学方法研究了聚3-己基噻吩的光电化学性质,其禁带宽度为1.89eV,同时确定了它的价带位置(-3.6eV)、导带位置(-5.4eV)。研究发现聚3-己基噻吩属于直接跃迁型半导体,在本文条件下得到的最高IPCE值达5.2%

3-噻吩丙二酸的合成研究

3-噻吩丙二酸是β-内酰胺类抗生素替卡西林钠的重要侧链中间体,介绍了用简单、易行的合成路线进行3-噻吩丙二酸的合成研究。由3-溴噻吩制得3-碘代噻吩的过程中,通过实验发现最佳反应条件如下:噻吩、CuI的物质的量比为1∶1.5,原料浓度为1.5mol/L(溶剂为喹啉),反应时间为20h,反应温度为140℃时,反应收率可由原来的42.0%提高到68.3%。其熔点与文献报道一致,结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱得以确认。中试较小试收率提高2.78%。

硫化态PtMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂活性位的低温CO-FTIR方法表征及噻吩HDS活性的研究

A series of sulfided PtMo/ γ Al 2O 3 catalysts[ w (Mo)=9.0%] with different contents of Pt were characterized by using low temperature FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, while their HDS activity was investigated with thiophene as a model substrate. Experimentally, it was found that no existence of the bands related to the surface complexes of Al 3+ ←CO and Pt 0←CO→Pt 0 was observed at 77 K and that the rate of the thiophene HDS reaction(573 K) is well linearly proportional to the area of the Pt 0←CO band at 2 093 cm -1 with a higher extrapolated HDS rate compared to that of sulfided Mo/ γ Al 2O 3 catalyst at the zero content of platinum. On the basis of the results here, the conclusion may be made that the active monolayer phase of Pt Mo S may be formed over sulfided PtMo/ γ Al 2O 3 catalysts during the sulfidation process and that both Mo 2+ and Pt 0 sites for CO adsorption should be the active reaction centers of thiophene HDS.

具有交联聚合活性的聚3-(2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基)噻吩的合成及其性能

以三氯化铁为催化剂,采用氧化偶联聚合法合成具有交联活性的聚3-(2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基)噻吩(P3MET)。用红外光谱、凝胶液相色谱、等速升温热失重分析、紫外-可见光光谱和循环伏安法表征聚合物的结构、热稳定性能和光电性能。结果表明:聚合物的氯仿溶液在350～573nm处有吸收,最大吸收峰位于410nm,其禁带宽度为2.1eV;聚合物的热分解温度为300～400°C,热稳定性能良好;聚合物的电子亲和势能级为3.52eV,电子离子势能级为5.62eV。

P3HT/MWNTs复合电致变色器件的制备及特性研究

通过在导电聚合物电致变色材料聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)中添加少量多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs),制备了不同MWNTs含量的P3HT/MWNTs复合膜电致变色器件,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光谱仪、四探针电导率测试仪等分析仪器对制备器件的电致变色膜层的显微结构、膜层电导率随MWNTs添加量的变化情况及电致变色特性进行了分析研究.结果发现:因少量MWNTs的添加,复合变色膜层的电导率可由1.2×10-2 S/cm提高到3.9S/cm,增加了近300倍.这对减少器件变色过程中的外加电压大小,提高器件颜色变化对比度,减小器件电致变色的响应时间,改善器件的使用寿命都是非常有利的.但研究也发现,过多MWNTs的添加,会导致复合电致变色膜层表面粗糙度增加,且过多的MWNTs也增加了变色层对可见光的吸收率,MWNTs添加量质量百分比不应超过膜层的2%.

噻吩和3-甲基噻吩共聚膜及复合膜的红外光谱

采用扩散电流控制法,通过限制低氧化电位单体的浓度,从而限制它在高电位下的氧化电流,以达到减少它在聚合物中的相对含量的目的,成功地实现了噻吩(Th)和3-甲基噻吩(MTh)的电化学共聚。红外光谱及循环伏安测定分别表明,电化学共聚噻吩和3-甲基噻吩所制得的导电膜不是均聚物的共混物,共聚的方式也不是嵌段共聚,而更可能是无规共聚。此外,制备了噻吩/3-甲基噻吩导电复合膜,其吸波频率较单一导电聚合物有明显拓宽,在400cm-1～7000cm-1范围内有强的宽吸收。实验结果表明,复合膜的结构、层数、厚度以及层间微结构对红外吸收展宽效应都有影响。

(E)-(5-(4-(二苯基胺)苯乙烯基)二噻吩并[2,3-b∶3′,2′-d]噻吩基)-2-亚甲基丙二腈的聚集态发光现象的研究

本文报道了对一种电子给体-受体化合物(E)-(5-(4-(二苯基胺)苯乙烯基)二噻吩并[2,3-b∶3′,2′-d]噻吩基)-2-亚甲基丙二腈(TPA-DCST)的合成与光谱学行为的研究。化合物TPA-DCST的分子结构中含有强电子给体(三苯胺)与强电子受体(二氰基乙烯)两个部分,并由二噻吩并[2,3-b∶3′,2′-d]噻吩作为共轭桥将电子给体与受体相连接。在合成方面,采用Wittig反应将三苯胺通过双键与二噻吩并[2,3-b∶3′,2′-d]噻吩相连接、醛基化,并与并二腈经Knoevenagel缩合反应合成目标产物。产物通过了核磁氢谱、碳谱、红外以及高分辨率质谱的确认。光谱方面,主要考察了该化合物的吸收与荧光行为。其最大吸收峰位在412nm左右,归属于π-π*跃迁。在非极性溶剂正己烷中表现出来自分子间聚集而形成的聚集态荧光(550nm),并通过了单分子在CTAB胶束([c]=1.02×10-2 mol/L)的发光(460nm)试验得到验证。溶剂效应表明,该化合物没有出现典型的ICT态的发光现象,其原因在于电子给体与受体相连的共轭桥单元,即二噻吩并[2,3-b∶3′,2′-d]噻吩不具有有效的共轭效应。浓度效应与温度效应进一步表明TPA-DCST分子易于产生分子间聚集态的发光。在THF-H_2O二元溶剂体系中呈现典型的聚集诱导(AIE)发光现象,发光峰位为692nm。随着TPA-DCST分子间的聚集程度的增加,聚集态的荧光出现大范围的红移,直至固体发光红移到710nm。TPA-DCST分子的聚集因素可能来自于疏脂作用、偶极-偶极相互作用等。