Conical Sonic-Supersonic Solutions for the 3-D Steady Full Euler Equations

This paper concerns the sonic-supersonic structures of the transonic crossflow generated by the steady supersonic flow past an infinite cone of arbitrary cross section.Under the conical assumption,the three-dimensional(3-D)steady Euler equations can be projected onto the unit sphere and the state of fluid can be characterized by the polar and azimuthal angles.Given a segment smooth curve as a conical-sonic line in the polar-azimuthal angle plane,we construct a classical conical-supersonic solution near the curve under some reasonable assumptions.To overcome the difficulty caused by the parabolic degeneracy,we apply the characteristic decomposition technique to transform the Euler equations into a new degenerate hyperbolic system in a partial hodograph plane.The singular terms are isolated from the highly nonlinear complicated system and then can be handled successfully.We establish a smooth local solution to the new system in a suitable weighted metric space and then express the solution in terms of the original variables.

Propagation of traveling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equation through the implementation of the extended modi ed direct algebraic method

In this work,di erent kinds of traveling wave solutions and uncategorized soliton wave solutions are obtained in a three dimensional(3-D)nonlinear evolution equations(NEEs)through the implementation of the modi ed extended direct algebraic method.Bright-singular and dark-singular combo solitons,Jacobi's elliptic functions,Weierstrass elliptic functions,constant wave solutions and so on are attained beside their existing conditions.Physical interpretation of the solutions to the 3-D modi ed KdV-Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation are also given.

Exponential Convergence Theory of the Multipole and Local Expansions for the 3-D Laplace Equation in Layered Media

In this paper,we establish the exponential convergence theory for the multipole and local expansions,shifting and translation operators for the Green's function of 3-dimensional Laplace equation in layered media.An immediate application of the theory is to ensure the exponential convergence of the FMM which has been shown by the numerical results reported in[27].As the Green's function in layered media consists of free space and reaction field components and the theory for the free space components is well known,this paper will focus on the analysis for the reaction components.We first prove that the density functions in the integral representations of the reaction components are analytic and bounded in the right half complex wave number plane.Then,by using the Cagniard-de Hoop transform and contour deformations,estimates for the remainder terms of the truncated expansions are given,and,as a result,the exponential convergence for the expansions and translation operators is proven.

2,3,6-三氨基-5-硝基吡啶的合成与应用

以2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(DADNP)为原料,选择性还原制得关键中间体2,3,6-三氨基-5-硝基吡啶,同时对其影响因素进行探究,并做稳定性分析.实验表明:以DADNP为底物,水合肼与自制多硫化钠为还原液,回流反应2h,得纯度为99.2%的目标产物,产品收率为58.4%.并将此化合物成功应用于AB型新单体前体4-(N-(2,6-二氨基-5-硝基吡啶3-基)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯(ANPCB)的合成(粗品纯度95.12%,收率60.3%)及AB型单体骨架分子4-(5-氨基-6-硝基-1H-吡啶并[2,3-d]咪唑-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯(ANPIB)的探索研究中.所有产物结构经13 C-NMR、MS和FTIR分析表征确认.

Viscous Approximations and Decay Rate of Maximal Vorticity Function for 3-D Axisymmetric Euler Equations

In this paper, we are first concerned with viscous approximations for the three-dimensional axisymmetric incompressible Euler equations. It is proved that the viscous approximations, which are the solutions of the corresponding Navier-Stokes equations, converge strongly in provided that they have strong convergence in the region away from the symmetry axis. This result has been proved by the authors for the approximate solutions generated by smoothing the initial data, with no restriction of the sign of the initial data. Then we discuss the decay rate for maximal vorticity function, which is established for both approximate solutions generated by smoothing the initial data and viscous approximations respectively. One sufficient condition to guarantee the strong convergence in the region away from the symmetry axis is given, and a decay rate for maximal vorticity function in the region away from the symmetry axis is obtained for non-negative initial vorticity.

瑞博西尼重要中间体2-氯-7-环戊基-N,N-二甲基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酰胺的合成

以2,4-二氯-5-溴嘧啶(2)为起始原料,经取代反应得到5-溴-2-氯-4-(环戊胺基)嘧啶(3),3经Sonogashira偶联反应得到3-[2-氯-4-(环戊胺基)嘧啶-5-基]-2-丙炔-1-醇(4),4在四丁基氟化铵的四氢呋喃溶液中关环得2-氯-7-环戊基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲醇(5),5通过流体化学被2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)/亚氯酸钠氧化得2-氯-7-环戊基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酸(6),6经酰胺化反应制得瑞博西尼重要中间体2-氯-7-环戊基-N,N-二甲基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-6-甲酰胺(1),总收率约51%(以2计),终产物HPLC纯度99.2%。方法中用DL-α-生育酚甲氧基聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS-750-M)水溶液作为反应溶剂,通过胶束化学提高了Sonogashira偶联反应收率,通过连续流化学规避氧化反应的安全隐患,操作简化。

A Vertex-Centered and Positivity-Preserving Finite Volume Scheme for Two-Dimensional Three-Temperature Radiation Diffusion Equations on General Polygonal Meshes

Two-dimensional three-temperature(2-D 3-T)radiation diffusion equa-tions are widely used to approximately describe the evolution of radiation energy within a multimaterial system and explain the exchange of energy among electrons,ions and photons.In this paper,we suggest a new positivity-preserving finite volume scheme for 2-D 3-T radiation diffusion equations on general polygonal meshes.The vertex unknowns are treated as primary ones for which the finite volume equations are constructed.The edgemidpoint and cell-centered unknowns are used as auxiliary ones and interpolated by the primary unknowns,which makes the final scheme a pure vertex-centered one.By comparison,most existing positivity-preserving finite volume schemes are cell-centered and based on the convex decomposition of the co-normal.Here,the conormal decomposition is not convex in general,leading to a fixed stencil of the flux approximation and avoiding a certain search algo-rithm on complex grids.Moreover,the new scheme effectively alleviates the nu-merical heat-barrier issue suffered by most existing cell-centered or hybrid schemes in solving strongly nonlinear radiation diffusion equations.Numerical experiments demonstrate the second-order accuracy and the positivity of the solution on various distorted grids.For the problem without analytic solution,the contours of the nu-merical solutions obtained by our scheme on distorted meshes accord with those on smooth quadrilateral meshes.

Solving generalized lattice Boltzmann model for 3-D cavity flows using CUDA-GPU

The generalized lattice Boltzmann equation(GLBE),with the addition of the standard Smagorinsky subgrid-stress(SGS) model,has been proved that it is more suitable for simulating high Reynolds number turbulent flows when compared with the lattice BGK Boltzmann equation(LBGK).However,the computing efficiency of lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) is too low to make it for practical applications,unless using a massive parallel computing clusters facility.In this study,the massive parallel computing power from an inexpensive graphic processor unit(GPU) and a typical personal computer has been developed for improving the computing efficiency,more than 100 times.This developed three-dimensional(3-D) GLBE-SGS model,with the D3Q19 scheme for simplifying collision and streaming courses,has been successfully used to study 3-D rectangular cavity flows with Reynolds number up to 10000.

Principle of Coordinates Acquisition Based on Single Camera

The principle and accuracy of 3-D coordinates acquisition using one single camera and the Aided Measuring Probe(AMP) are discussed in this paper. Using one single camera and one AMP which has several embedded targets and one tip with known coordinates, the single camera′s orientation and location can be calculated. After orientation, the global coordinate system is obtained. During measurement, the camera is fixed firstly, then the AMP is held and the feature point is touched.The camera is triggered lastly. The position and orientation of the AMP are therefore calculated from the size and position of its image on the sensor. Since the tip point of AMP has known relation with the embedded targets, the feature point can be measured. Tests show that the accuracy of length measurement is 0.2 mm and accuracy for flatness measurement in XSY-plane is 0.1 mm.

Combined Electromagnetic and Drift Diffusion Models for Microwave Semiconductor Device

In this work, we present a numerical model to solve the drift diffusion equations coupled with electromagnetic model, where all simulations codes are implemented using MATLAB code software. As first, we present a one-dimensional (1-D) PIN diode structure simulation achieved by solving the drift diffusion model (DDM). Backward Euler algorithm is used for the discretization of the proposed model. The aim is to accomplish time-domain integration. Also, finite different method (FDM) is considered to achieve space-Domain mesh. We introduced an iterative scheme to solve the obtained matrix systems, which combines the Gummel’s iteration with an efficient direct numerical UMFPACK method. The obtained solutions of the proposed algorithm provide the time and space distribution of the unknown functions like electrostatic potential and carrier’s concentration for the PIN diode. As second case, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is adopted to analyze the entire 3-D structure of the stripline circuit including the lumped element PIN diode. The microwave circuit is located in an unbounded medium, requiring absorbing boundaries to avoid nonphysical reflections. Active device results were presented and show a good agreement with other reference. Electromagnetic results are qualitatively in agreement with other results obtained using SILVACO-TCAD.

A three-dimensional coupled numerical model of nonlinear waves in a harbor

A 3-D time-domain numerical coupled model for nonlinear waves acting on a ship in a harbor has been developed in the present study.The whole domain is divided into the inner domain and the outer domain.The inner domain is the area around the ship,where the flow is expressed by the Laplace equation and numerically solved by the finite element method.The other area is the outer domain,where the flow is described by the higher-order Boussinesq equations and numerically solved by the finite difference method.The matching conditions on the interfaces between the inner domain and the outer domain,the procedure of coupled solution,the length of common domain and the mesh generation in the inner domain are discussed in detail.The other coupled model with the flow in the inner domain governed by the simplified linear Euler equations and relevant physical experiment are adopted to validate the present coupled model,and it is shown that the numerical results of the present model agree with the experimental data,so the present model can be used for the study on the effect of nonlinear waves acting on a fixed ship in a large area and provide a reference for the time-domain simulation of nonlinear wave forces on an arbitrary object in a large harbor and the 3-D district computation in the future.

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional breaking waves and its interaction with a vertical circular cylinder

Wave breaking plays an important role in wave-structure interaction. A novel control volume finite element method with adaptive unstructured meshes is employed here to study 3-D breaking waves. The numerical framework consists of a ＂volume of fluid＂ type method for the interface capturing and adaptive unstructured meshes to improve computational efficiency. The numerical model is validated against experimental measurements of breaking wave over a sloping beach and is then used to study the breaking wave impact on a vertical circular cylinder on a slope. Detailed complex interfacial structures during wave impact, such as plunging jet formation and splash-up are captured in the simulation, demonstrating the capability of the present method.

急性肾损伤相关新型生物标志物的研究进展

急性肾损伤(AKI)是严重的临床综合征,由肾灌注减少、肾小管毒性或阻塞性损伤、肾小管间质炎症和水肿或肾小球滤过能力降低引起。目前早期检测和准确诊断AKI的主要研究进展是新型生物标志物的应用,包括白细胞介素-18、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶、中期因子、血幼素、肾损伤分子-1、神经轴突导向因子-1、内源性哇巴因和几丁质酶-3样蛋白-1。这些肾损伤标志物与AKI的发病机制密切相关,将在血清肌酐发生可检测变化之前迅速识别AKI,从而提供实施治疗干预的机会之窗。本文旨在综述近年来AKI有关的新型生物标志物的生物学功能、研究现状及应用前景。

FORECAST OF WATER TEMPERATURE IN RESERVOIR BASED ON ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

The water temperature in reservoirs is difficult to be predicted by numerical simulations. In this article, a statistical model of forecasting the water temperature was proposed. In this model, the 3-D thermal conduction-diffusion equations were converted into a system consisting of 2-D equations with the Fourier expansion and some hypotheses. Then the statistical model of forecasting the water temperature was developed based on the analytical solution to the 2-D thermal equations. The~ simplified statistical model can elucidate the main physical mechanism of the temperature variation much more clearly than the numerical simulation with the Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, with the presented statistical model, the distribution of water temperature in the Shangyoujiang reservoir was determined.

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF CAVITATING FLOWS

A new model, which involves viscous and multi-phase effects, was given to study cavitating flows. A local compressible model was established by introducing a density-pressure function to account for the two-phase flow of water/vapor and the transition from one phase to the other. An algorithm for calculating variable-density N-S equations of cavitating flow problem was put forward. The present method yields reasonable results for both steady and unsteady cavitating flows in 2D and 3D cases. The numerical results of unsteady character of cavitating flows around hydrofoils coincide well with experimental data. It indicates the feasibility to apply this method to a variety of cavitating flows of practical problems.

A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON BACKWARDS WI MMING HYDRODYNAMICS IN THE EELANGUILLA ANGUILLA

Eels can perform both forward and backward undulatory swimming but few studies are seen on how eels propel themselves backward. A computational study on the unsteady hydrodynamicsoof the backward swimming in the eel anguilla anguilla is carried out and presented. A two-dimensional geometric model of the European eel body in its middle horizontal section is appropriately approximated by a NACA0005 airfoil. Kinematic data of the backward and forward swimming eel used in the computational modeling are based on the experimental results of the European eel. Present study provided the different flow field characteristics of three typical cases in the backward swimming, and confirmed the guess of Wu： When the eel swims steadily, the vortex centers of the reversed von Kármán vortex street are aligned approximately. An extensive comparison between the backward and forward swimming further reveals that the controllable parameters, such as frequency, amplitude and wavelength of the traveling wave, have a similar influence on the propulsion performance as in forward swimming. But it is shown that the backward swimming does not be a ＂reversed＂ forward swimming one. The backward swimming does show significant discrepancy in the propulsion performance： utilization of a constant-amplitude wave profile enables larger force generation for maneuverability but with much lower propulsive efficiency instead of the linear-increasing amplitude wave profile in the forward swimming. The actual swimming modes eels choose is the best choice associated with their propulsive requirement, as well as their physiological and ecological adaptation.

Numerical Study of the Effects of the Face Velocity onCeramic Filter

Time-averaged explicit Navier-Stokes equations with the modified Darcy’s law for the threedimensional cylindrical flow field were formulated to the problem. Numerical investigation of the effects of the face velocity on ceramic candle filter was executed in three-dimensional turbulent flow field. It is found that the flow in the vessel is pushed toward the filter region by the pressure difference between inside and outside of the filter due to the viscosity and inertial resistance. It is also found that the pressure drop is directly proportional to the flow rate and the slope of the pressure drop will be mitigated when the thickness of the filter cake (8) is larger than 10 mm.