(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究

目的探讨(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标在艾滋病患者马尔尼菲篮状菌感染早期诊断临床研究。方法回顾性选取我院2020年1月—2022年6月住院的120例艾滋病患者为研究对象。依据实验室结果,将其分为马尔尼菲篮状菌感染确诊组(血或组织液培育养出马尔尼菲篮状菌),简称A组(62例),及马尔尼菲篮状菌感染临床诊断组[根据临床症状、体征、血常规及(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标诊断],简称B组(58例)。检测患者(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞的表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(receiver-operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评估上述指标联合检测对艾滋病患者感染马尔尼菲篮状菌的诊断效能。结果A组的(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖和PCT水平均高于B组,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞个数低于B组(P<0.05);(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT、CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC为0.933,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖单独检测的AUC是0.812,PCT单独检测的AUC为0.883,CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞单独检测的AUC是0.810,(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的AUC皆优于三项单独检测,表明(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖、PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞联合检测的诊断价值皆优于单一指标诊断,且联合检测的特异度、约登指数分别为92.43%和0.580,均高于三项单独检测。结论(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖联合PCT和CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞多指标对艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常高的临床诊断价值,能够帮助医生分析出高危风险患者,及时制定治疗方案,同时也承担预后效果的判断依据,对治疗艾滋病马尔尼菲篮状菌感染具有非常重要的研究价值。

1例RHD-CE(3-7)-D基因重组与RHCE变异型患者的血清学与分子生物学分析

目的 研究分析1例Rh血型弱D、弱cE患者的血清学与分子生物学特征,为该类患者的临床安全输血提供实验依据。方法 采用微柱凝胶卡法对患者红细胞进行ABO、RhDCcEe抗原的鉴定,同时采用试管法进行血型复核,抗人球蛋白卡法筛查不规则抗体;采用PCR-SSP法对RhDCcEe(RhD、RhC、Rhc、RhE、Rhe)基因型进行检测;三代全长测序技术对RHD/RHCE基因序列进行测序分析。结果 微柱凝胶卡法鉴定ABO、RhD、RhCcEe血型抗原的结果为:A抗原(-)、B抗原(-)、RhD(1+)、RhC(4+)、Rhc(1+)、RhE(1+)、Rhe(4+)、对照孔(-);试管法ABO、RhD、RhCcEe抗原鉴定该患者表型为:A抗原(-)、B抗原(-)、RhD(w+)、RhC(4+)、Rhc(w+)、RhE(w+)、Rhe(4+),对照管(-);抗人球蛋白卡法筛查患者不规则抗体阴性;PCR-SSP法血型基因分型RhDCcEe结果:RhD(+)、RhC(+)、Rhc(+)、RhE(+)、Rhe(+);RHD/RHCE基因结果:RHD单倍体1为外显子1-10全缺失,而单倍体2为外显子RHD-CE基因重组融合,且确认其重组类型为RHD-CE(3-7)-D,起点在外显子2(g.20238-20312之间),终点在外显子8(g49184-50480之间),同时RHCE基因第6外显子存在新碱基点突变RHCE*cE(827C>A)。结论RHD-CE(3-7)-D基因重组融合与RHCE*cE(827C>A)新等位基因突变可能引起D、cE血型抗原弱表达,为临床安全输血提供了重要的实验数据支持。

Integrated analysis of plasma rotation effect on HL-3 hybrid scenario

The hybrid scenario,which has good confinement and moderate MHD instabilities,is a proposed operation scenario for international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER).In this work,the effect of plasma rotation on the HL-3 hybrid scenario is analyzed with the integrated modeling framework OMFIT.The results show that toroidal rotation has no obvious effect on confinement with a high line averaged density of n_(bar)~(7)×10^(19)m^(-3).In this case,the ion temperature only changes from 4.7 keV to 4.4 keV with the rotation decreasing from 10^(5) rad/s to 10^(3) rad/s,which means that the turbulent heat transport is not dominant.While in the scenarios characterized by lower densities,such as n_(bar)~4×10^(19)m^(-3),turbulent transport becomes dominant in determining heat transport.The ion temperature rises from 3.8 keV to 6.1 keV in the core as the rotation velocity increases from 10^(3) rad/s to 10^(5) rad/s.Despite the ion temperature rising,the rotation velocity does not obviously affect electron temperature or density.Additionally,it is noteworthy that the variation in rotation velocity does not significantly affect the global confinement of plasma in scenarios with low density or with high density.

基于二萘并[2,3-B∶2′,3′-D]呋喃基团的高效窄发射蓝光OLED器件

高效率窄光谱蓝色有机电致发光器件(OLED)是柔性显示领域的研究重点之一。本文以二萘并[2,3-B∶2′,3′-D]呋喃为弱电子受体、N-(4-联苯基)-1-萘胺作为电子给体设计合成了一种D-A-D型蓝光分子DPF-NA,其在正己烷溶液中的发射峰位于441 nm。理论计算与光物理测试结果显示DPF-NA具有杂化局域电荷转移激发态(HLCT)特性,兼具局域态(LE)高发光效率与电荷转移态(CT)高激子利用率特征,在二氯甲烷溶液中的光致发光量子效率(PLQY)为81.2%。基于质量分数3%DPF-NA掺杂浓度的OLED器件电致发光(EL)峰位于455 nm,半峰宽(FWHM)仅为26 nm,CIE(x,y)坐标为(0.14,0.08),最大外量子效率(EQEmax)为6.76%。

New 4-imino-4H-Chromeno[2,3-d]Pyrimidin-3(5H)-Amine: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effects on Tumoral Cell Lines and in Silico ADMET Properties

The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was established according to their spectroscopic analysis, such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. These new compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities on seven representative human tumoral cell lines (Huh7 D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, HCT116, PC3 and MCF7) and also on fibroblasts. Among them, only the compounds 6c showed micromolar cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines (1.8 50 50 > 25 μM). Finally, in silico ADMET studies ware performed to investigate the possibility of using of the identified compound 6c as potential anti-tumor compound.

血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖诊断新生儿侵袭性真菌感染的价值

探讨在针对新生儿侵袭性真菌感染的诊断中使用血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖能够产生的诊断效能。方法 选取2021年1月到2022年2月因为侵袭性真菌感染于医院寻求医疗干预的新生儿总共60例作为本次研究的一部分研究对象记为1组;另外选取60例健康婴儿作为2组;统计、对比两组患者的血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖水平、CD4+T淋巴细胞数水平;整理PCR技术针对1组患者诊断结果,将其与血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖诊断侵袭性真菌感染的诊断效能进行对比。结果 研究结果显示1组患者的血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖水平、CD4+T淋巴细胞数水平较之于2组患者存在明显差异,1组患者血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖水平更高,而CD4+T淋巴细胞数水平明显更低;P<0.05。在针对诊断效能的考察上,血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖诊断效能和PCR诊断结果之间在灵敏度、特异度方面差异不大,P>0.05。结论 针对罹患侵袭性真菌感染的新生儿使用血浆(1-3)-β-D葡聚糖进行检查,一定程度上能够确保诊断结果的严谨程度,可使用。

血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测在侵袭性真菌感染诊断中的价值分析

研究血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测技术(G实验)应用于侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择我院在2023年1月至2024年1月期间收治的100例高危型侵袭型真菌感染患者,应用MB-80微生物快速检测动态系统以及对应的试剂对患者的血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖进行检测,分析真菌培养、G实验和联合检测结果;三种方法的诊断效能;三种方法的ROC曲线。结果 确诊IFI阳性共28例,阴性共72例;联合检测的诊断效能高于真菌培养或者G实验。联合检测面积高于单一检测。结论 在侵袭性真菌感染的诊断中,应用血浆(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测,诊断效能良好,在和传统真菌培养技术联合检测下,可进一步提升诊断效能。

Characteristics of an Axial-flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with Contra-rotating Rotors under Unbalanced Load Condition from 3-D Finite Element Analysis

During recent years,the axial-flus PMSM with contra-rotating rotors has become a hot topic in academic research due to its high efficiency and simple structure.However,its back-EMF may be distorted under the condition of different angular positions.This paper investigates characteristics of the novel motor used for contra-propeller driving.Considering the torque ripple and current oscillation under unbalanced load condition,this paper analyzes the distorted back-EMF of the machine when its two rotors get different angular positions during rotating.The analysis results are validated by transient-magnetic 3-D FEA method,which the 3-D FEA software is used to model this motor and transient simulations are carried out to obtain its magnetic characteristic and main performances.A main focus is put on the back-EMF characteristic with different angular positions between the two rotors.Furthermore,the characteristic of torque production under unbalanced load is investigated.Finally,a prototype motor is fabricated to validate the analyses of this paper.

广播星历旋转误差对低轨星载BDS-3/GPS实时精密定轨影响分析

基于LT-01A卫星星载BDS-3/GPS观测值进行了星载实时精密定轨研究,并重点分析了广播星历旋转误差对实时定轨精度的影响。通过赫尔默特转换评估了所选时段内GPS和BDS-3广播星历轨道旋转误差,显示BDS-3广播星历旋转误差可达-8.7 mas,平均量级较GPS大约2.5倍。BDS-3广播星历经旋转改正后,轨道切向、法向均方根(RMS)误差从25 cm左右提升至10 cm量级,提升幅度超过50%。因此,基于星载BDS-3以及BDS-3/GPS联合的实时定轨精度受BDS-3星历旋转误差影响严重,且主要作用于切向和法向。经过旋转改正后,单独BDS-3实时定轨在切向、法向、径向RMS分别为21.0 cm、10.7 cm及11.2 cm,其切向和法向精度比改正前分别提升15.0%和31.8%;BDS-3与GPS联合定轨进一步提升切向精度至19.4 cm。得益于BDS-3广播星历较高的精度,单BDS-3以及BDS-3/GPS联合的实时定轨在旋转改正前的三维RMS分别为31.9 cm和29.2 cm,较单GPS实时定轨分别提升9.1%和16.8%;添加旋转改正后,其定轨精度分别提升至26.7 cm和25.0 cm,较单GPS实时定轨分别提升22.6%和27.5%。

复方斑蝥胶囊联合旋转容积调强技术对头颈部放疗生存期及血清XRCC1、XRCC3mRNA水平的影响

目的探究复方斑蝥胶囊联合旋转容积调强技术对头颈部放疗患者生存期及血清X线修复交错互补基因1(X-ray Repair Cross Complementing 1,XRCC1)、X线修复交错互补基因3(X-ray Repair Cross Complementing 3,XRCC3)信使核糖核酸(Messenger RNA,mRNA)水平的影响。方法选取2019年6月—2021年7月医院收治的头颈部肿瘤患者97例作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同进行分组,对照组(48例)采用旋转容积调强技术结合放疗治疗,联合组(49例)在对照组基础上加用复方斑蝥胶囊治疗。观察比较临床疗效、中医证候积分、血清XRCC1及XRCC3mRNA水平、生存期、不良反应。结果联合组客观缓解率高于对照组(P<0.05),但疾病控制率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组自汗、恶心呕吐、神疲乏力、食欲差、失眠、头晕眼花等得分低于对照组(P<0.05)。联合组血清XRCC1、XRCC3水平及外周血XRCC1、XRCC3 mRNA表达均低于对照组(P<0.05)。联合组无进展生存期和总生存期均高于对照组(P<0.05)。联合组不良反应发生率(34.69%,17/49)低于对照组不良反应发生率(72.92%,35/48)(P<0.05)。结论复方斑蝥胶囊联合旋转容积调强技术能改善头颈部放疗患者肿瘤客观缓解率,缓解临床症状,降低血清XRCC1、XRCC3mRNA水平,减少不良反应。

Parallel computing approach for efficient 3-D X-ray-simulated image reconstruction

Accurate 3-dimensional(3-D)reconstruction technology for nondestructive testing based on digital radiography(DR)is of great importance for alleviating the drawbacks of the existing computed tomography(CT)-based method.The commonly used Monte Carlo simulation method ensures well-performing imaging results for DR.However,for 3-D reconstruction,it is limited by its high time consumption.To solve this problem,this study proposes a parallel computing method to accelerate Monte Carlo simulation for projection images with a parallel interface and a specific DR application.The images are utilized for 3-D reconstruction of the test model.We verify the accuracy of parallel computing for DR and evaluate the performance of two parallel computing modes-multithreaded applications(G4-MT)and message-passing interfaces(G4-MPI)-by assessing parallel speedup and efficiency.This study explores the scalability of the hybrid G4-MPI and G4-MT modes.The results show that the two parallel computing modes can significantly reduce the Monte Carlo simulation time because the parallel speedup increment of Monte Carlo simulations can be considered linear growth,and the parallel efficiency is maintained at a high level.The hybrid mode has strong scalability,as the overall run time of the 180 simulations using 320 threads is 15.35 h with 10 billion particles emitted,and the parallel speedup can be up to 151.36.The 3-D reconstruction of the model is achieved based on the filtered back projection(FBP)algorithm using 180 projection images obtained with the hybrid G4-MPI and G4-MT.The quality of the reconstructed sliced images is satisfactory because the images can reflect the internal structure of the test model.This method is applied to a complex model,and the quality of the reconstructed images is evaluated.

血清25-羟维生素-D3 超敏C反应蛋白及心电图参数与ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入治疗后发生恶性心律失常的关系

目的:探讨血清25-羟维生素-D3(25-hydroxyvitamin D3,25-(OH)-D3)、超敏C反应蛋白(High sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、心电图参数变化与ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者经皮冠脉介入术(Percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后发生恶性心律失常的关系。方法:选取我院2020年1月至2022年6月实施PCI治疗的193例STEMI患者作为研究对象,根据患者术后72h内是否发生恶性心律失常分为心律失常组38例、对照组155例,对比两组患者入院12h内的25-(OH)-D3、hs-CRP、血清电解质、血常规指标、血脂指标、心肌酶学指标,并对患者PCI术后实施连续动态心电图监测,对比两组患者心电图碎裂QRS波、校正Tp-e间期(Corrected Tp-e interval,Tp-ec)、QT离散度(QT dispersion,Qtd),并采用Logistic回归模型分析上述指标与STEMI患者PCI术后发生恶性心律失常的关系。结果:心律失常组患者的血清25-(OH)-D3水平低于对照组,心律失常组患者的血清hs-CRP、Tp-ec测定值、Qtd测定值、碎裂QRS波检出率均高于对照组,上述指标组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);心律失常组患者的白细胞(White blood cell,WBC)、肌钙蛋白I(Troponin I,cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(Creatine kinase isoenzyme,CK-MB)、肌红蛋白(Myoglobin,MYO)、K+、Mg 2+水平均高于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归模型结果显示:cTnI、CK-MB、K+、hs-CRP、Tp-ec、Qtd增高,碎裂QRS波阳性会显著增大STEMI患者PCI后发生恶性心律失常的风险(P<0.05);血清25-(OH)-D3水平增高会降低STEMI患者PCI后发生恶性心律失常的风险(P<0.05)。结论:STEMI患者血清25-(OH)-D3水平降低、hs-CRP增高、PCI术后Tp-ec、Qtd增高、出现碎裂QRS波会增大患者出现恶性心律失常的风险。

Fe_(3)O_(4)/BiOBr/BiOI的制备及降解2,4-D的性能研究

采用水热法制备了微米球花状结构的Fe_(3)O_(4)/BiOBr/BiOI复合材料,通过SEM、XRD、XPS和UV-Vis等手段对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明,该催化剂对2,4-D具有高效的光降解性能和光催化效率(80 min,88%)。降解速率常数为2.498×10^(-2)min^(-1),分别是Br∶I=5∶5(K=2.004×10^(-2)min^(-1))、BiOBr(K=1.289×10^(-2)min^(-1))和BiOI(K=6.98×10-3min-1)的1.25倍、1.94倍与3.58倍。这是由于Fe_(3)O_(4)/BiOBr/BiOI复合材料内部形成了异质结,利于光生载流子的分离。此外,5次循环实验后,降解效率保持在82.9%,证明该催化剂稳定、可回收、可磁分离。

PFNA和ALP治疗股骨转子间骨折患者的疗效及对血清SO、DKK-3水平的影响

目的 探究股骨近端防旋型髓内钉(PFNA)和股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(ALP)治疗股骨转子间骨折患者的疗效及对血清骨硬化蛋白(SO)、Dickkopf-3(DKK-3)水平的影响.方法 选取我院2021年4月1日~2023年3月31日符合条件的78例股骨转子间骨折患者,按照抽签法分为对照组(n=39)和研究组(n=39).对照组患者采用ALP髓外固定治疗,研究组患者采用PFNA髓内固定治疗.评估两组患者的手术相关临床指标、并发症情况以及治疗前后的Harris评分、血清DKK-3与SO水平.结果 研究组患者的手术时间、住院时间、下地负重时间、切口长度明显短于对照组,术中出血量明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组髋内翻、内固定物松动、感染、静脉血栓、压疮、关节脱位等并发症的总发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前两组疼痛、功能、活动度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后研究组疼痛、功能、活动度评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前两组血清DKK-3、SO水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后研究组血清DKK-3、SO水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 相较于ALP髓外固定治疗,PFNA髓内固定治疗在股骨转子间骨折患者中的应用效果更好,可加速患者术后恢复速度,提高患者髋关节功能,降低并发症发生率,并改善患者血清DKK-3、SO水平.

Building 3-D Human Data Based on Handed Measurement and CNN

3-dimension(3-D)printing technology is growing strongly with many applications,one of which is the garment industry.The application of human body models to the garment industry is necessary to respond to the increasing personalization demand and still guarantee aesthetics.This paper proposes amethod to construct 3-D human models by applying deep learning.We calculate the location of the main slices of the human body,including the neck,chest,belly,buttocks,and the rings of the extremities,using pre-existing information.Then,on the positioning frame,we find the key points(fixed and unaltered)of these key slices and update these points tomatch the current parameters.To add points to a star slice,we use a deep learning model tomimic the form of the human body at that slice position.We use interpolation to produce sub-slices of different body sections based on the main slices to create complete body parts morphologically.We combine all slices to construct a full 3-D representation of the human body.

Conical Sonic-Supersonic Solutions for the 3-D Steady Full Euler Equations

This paper concerns the sonic-supersonic structures of the transonic crossflow generated by the steady supersonic flow past an infinite cone of arbitrary cross section.Under the conical assumption,the three-dimensional(3-D)steady Euler equations can be projected onto the unit sphere and the state of fluid can be characterized by the polar and azimuthal angles.Given a segment smooth curve as a conical-sonic line in the polar-azimuthal angle plane,we construct a classical conical-supersonic solution near the curve under some reasonable assumptions.To overcome the difficulty caused by the parabolic degeneracy,we apply the characteristic decomposition technique to transform the Euler equations into a new degenerate hyperbolic system in a partial hodograph plane.The singular terms are isolated from the highly nonlinear complicated system and then can be handled successfully.We establish a smooth local solution to the new system in a suitable weighted metric space and then express the solution in terms of the original variables.

Adaptive Window Based 3-D Feature Selection for Multispectral Image Classification Using Firefly Algorithm

Feature extraction is the most critical step in classification of multispectral image.The classification accuracy is mainly influenced by the feature sets that are selected to classify the image.In the past,handcrafted feature sets are used which are not adaptive for different image domains.To overcome this,an evolu-tionary learning method is developed to automatically learn the spatial-spectral features for classification.A modified Firefly Algorithm(FA)which achieves maximum classification accuracy with reduced size of feature set is proposed to gain the interest of feature selection for this purpose.For extracting the most effi-cient features from the data set,we have used 3-D discrete wavelet transform which decompose the multispectral image in all three dimensions.For selecting spatial and spectral features we have studied three different approaches namely overlapping window(OW-3DFS),non-overlapping window(NW-3DFS)adaptive window cube(AW-3DFS)and Pixel based technique.Fivefold Multiclass Support Vector Machine(MSVM)is used for classification purpose.Experiments con-ducted on Madurai LISS IV multispectral image exploited that the adaptive win-dow approach is used to increase the classification accuracy.

Reflection of three-dimensional plane waves at the free surface of a rotating triclinic half-space under the context of generalized thermoelasticity

The reflection of three-dimensional(3D) plane waves in a highly anisotropic(triclinic) medium under the context of generalized thermoelasticity is studied. The thermoelastic nature of the 3D plane waves in an anisotropic medium is investigated in the perspective of the three-phase-lag(TPL), dual-phase-lag(DPL), Green-Naghdi-III(GNIII), Lord-Shulman(LS), and classical coupled(CL) theories. The reflection coefficients and energy ratios for all the reflected waves are obtained in a mathematical form. The rotational effects on the reflection characteristics of the 3D waves are discussed under the context of generalized thermoelasticity. Comparative analyses for the reflection coefficients of the waves among these generalized thermoelastic theories are performed. The energy ratios for each of the reflected waves establish the energy conservation law in the reflection phenomena of the plane waves. The highly anisotropic materials along with the rotation may have a significant role in the phenomenon of the reflection behavior of the 3D waves. Numerical computations are performed for the graphical representation of the study.

Adjustable half-skyrmion chains induced by SU(3)spin-orbit coupling in rotating Bose-Einstein condensates

The ground state properties of the rotating Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs) with SU(3) spin–orbit coupling(SOC)in a two-dimensional harmonic trap are studied. The results show that the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems present three half-skyrmion chains at an angle of 120°to each other along the coupling directions. With the enhancement of isotropic SU(3) SOC strength, the position of the three chains remains unchanged, in which the number of half-skyrmions increases gradually. With the increase of rotation frequency and atomic density–density interaction, the number of halfskyrmions on the three chains and in the regions between two chains increases gradually. The relationships of the total number of half-skyrmions on the three chains with the increase of SU(3) SOC strength, rotation frequency and atomic density–density interaction are also given. In addition, changing the anisotropic SU(3) SOC strength can regulate the number and morphology of the half-skyrmion chains.

A"messenger zone hypothesis"based on the visual three-dimensional spatial distribution of motoneurons innervating deep limb muscles

Coordinated contraction of skeletal muscles relies on selective connections between the muscles and multiple classes of the spinal motoneuro ns.Howeve r,current research on the spatial location of the spinal motoneurons innervating differe nt muscles is limited.In this study,we investigated the spatial distribution and relative position of different motoneurons that control the deep muscles of the mouse hindlimbs,which were innervated by the obturator nerve,femoral nerve,inferior gluteal nerve,deep pe roneal nerve,and tibial nerve.Locations were visualized by combining a multiplex retrograde tracking technique compatible with three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared o rgans(3DISCO)and 3-D imaging technology based on lightsheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM).Additionally,we propose the hypothesis that"messenger zones"exist as interlaced areas between the motoneuron pools that dominate the synergistic or antagonist muscle groups.We hypothesize that these interlaced neurons may participate in muscle coordination as messenger neurons.Analysis revealed the precise mutual positional relationships among the many motoneurons that innervate different deep muscles of the mouse.Not only do these findings update and supplement our knowledge regarding the overall spatial layout of spinal motoneurons that control mouse limb muscles,but they also provide insights into the mechanisms through which muscle activity is coordinated and the architecture of motor circuits.