Metal-Free C_(3)N_(4) with plentiful nitrogen vacancy and increased specific surface area for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction

As a substitute for synthetic ammonia under mild condition, electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR) provides a hopeful approach for the development of ammonia. Nevertheless, the current development of NRR electrocatalysts is far from enough and a systematic research is needed to gain a better improvement. This article presents that 2 D C_(3)N_(4)-NV with a large specific surface area and abundant nitrogen vacancies is prepared by a simple and feasible method, and used as a metal-free catalyst for electrocatalytic NRR. Experiment result and density functional theory(DFT) calculation reveal that nitrogen vacancies in 2 D C_(3)N_(4)-NV can act as an efficient active site for catalytic NRR, which is conducive to capturing and activating N_(2), lowering Gibbs free energy(DG) in reaction and inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) at the same time. In addition, the larger specific surface area also makes more active site exposed, which is good for the contact between the electrolyte and the active site, thus enhancing its NRR activity. The electrocatalyst shows an excellent catalytic activity for NRR in 0.1 M HCl, including Faradaic efficiency of 10.96%, NH_(3) yields of 17.85 lg h^(-1) mg_(cat)^(-1)., and good stability(over 20 h).

Synthesis of Macro-Mesostructured γ-Al_2O_3 with Large Pore Volume and High Surface Area by a Facile Secondary Reforming Method

Through improving the aging process during synthesis of the support, γ-Al2O3 with large pore volume and high surface area was synthesized by a facile secondary reforming method. The synthesis parameters, such as the reaction temperature, the first aging temperature and the second aging temperature, were investigated. The textural properties of γ-Al2O3 were characterized by means of N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray powder diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy and thermogravimetry （TG）. The experimental results indicated that AACH and amorphous A1OOH were the precursors of alumina, which were formed via precipitation from solutions after reaction of aluminum sulphate with ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The precursor nanocrystallites grew and re-assembled during the secondary reforming process, which resulted in an increased pore size and pore volume and a decreased bulk density. The as-synthesized γ-Al2O3 materials featured meso/macroporosity, large pore volume （2.175 cm^3/g）, high surface area （237.8 m^2/g）, and low bulk density （0.284 g/mL）.

Method of Precision Control of 3-D Solid Discretization Based on the Second-Order Osculating Surface

A discretization precision control method based on the second order osculating surface is proposed. The discretization precision of 3 D solid is controlled according to the error between the discrete solid surface and its second order osculating surface. The global maximal error has been gotten after analyzing all the extremums of the error function. It can be used in controlling and optimizing the discretization precision of 3 D solid in computer 3 D modeling and NC milling path generation.

Linear Phase FIR Filter on Measuring 3-D Surface

An optical technology for 3-D surface measurement is set up.The technology,based on a deformed projected grating pattern which carries the 3-D information of the measured object,can automatically and accurately obtain the phase map of a measured object by using a linear-phase FIR filter.In contrast to the 2-D fast Fourier transform technique,it’s more than fast.Only one image pattern is sufficient for measuring.The phase map can be processed without assigning fringe orders and making distinction between a depression and an elevation.Theoretical analysis and experimental result are presented.

ACQUIREMENT AND COMPUTER PROCESSING OF 3-D SURFACE SHAPE DATA

The laser scanning and CCD image-transmitting measurement method and principle on acquiring 3-D curved surface shape data are discussed. Computer processing technique of 3-D curved surface shape(be called“ 3 - D surface shape”for short) data is analysed. This technique in- cludes these concrete methods and principles such as data smoothing, fitting, reconstructing ,elimi- nating and so on. The example and result about computer processing of 3- D surface shape data are given .

A Higher-Efficient Non-Hydrostatic Finite Volume Model for Strong Three-Dimensional Free Surface Flows and Sediment Transport

In order to accurately simulate strong three-dimensional （3-D） free surface flows and sediment transport, the fully 3- D non-hydrostatic pressure models are developed based on the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and convection-diffusion equation of sediment concentration with the mixing triangle and quadrilateral grids. The governing equations are discretized with the unstructured finite volume method in order to provide conservation properties of mass and momentum, and flexibility with practical application. It is shown that it is first-order accurate on nonuniform plane two-dimensional （2-D） grids and second-order accurate on uniform plane grids. A third-order approximation of the vertical velocity at the top-layer is applied. In such a way, free surface zero stress boundary condition is satisfied maturely, and very few vertical layers are needed to give an accurate solution even for complex discontinuous flow and short wave simulation. The model is applied to four examples to simulate strong 3-D free surface flows and sediment transport where non-hydrostatic pressures have a considerable effect on the velocity field. The newly developed model is verified against analytical solutions with an excellent agreement.

Preparation of High Surface Area, Large Pore Volume Alumina by Using β-Cyclodextrin as a Non-surfactant Template

A series of alumina samples were prepared using β-cyclodextrin as the non-surfactant template. These samples were characterized by XRD, BET and TEM. The results showed that the alumina samples prepared using β-cyclodextrin template had the higher surface areas （124-484 m^2/g）, larger pore volumes （0.7-1.27 mL/g） and more thermal stability than samples prepared without using β-cyclodextrin.

3-D velocity structure of P wave in the upper mantle beneath southwestern China and its adjacent areas

3-D velocity structure of P wave in the upper mantle beneath southwestern China and its adjacent areas (10°N [similar to] 36°N, 70°E [similar to] 110°E) down to the depth of 400 km has been studied by using 80 974 P-wave first arrival times recorded at 165 stations from 7 053 events both within the studying areas, selected from the ISC bulletin and the Bulletin of China and NEIC fundamental seismic network. With a resolution of grid spacing of 2°×2°, the velocity heterogeneity on the horizontal profile is obvious though it attenuates with the depth increasing. On the vertical profiles of velocity along the latitude of 16°N and 24°N, the collision and extrusion of India plate to Eurasia plate is displayed, and a remarkable velocity difference between India plate and Eurasia plate is shown. In the vertical profile along the longitude of 90°E, the subducting of India plate northward beneath Eurasia plate (Tibet plateau) is also obvious. On the horizontal profile at the depth of 90 km, a slow velocity stripe from Myitkyina, Myanmar to Donghai, Vietnam seems to be related to Honghe fault belt. An illustration method of describing the resolution more directly and exactly has been proposed and utilized in this paper.

Application of 3-D Parallel Electrical Technology Detecting the Water-Rich Areas

Coal working face is damaged more and more seriously by water below the coal face floor. Therefore, floor water detection is a must in the process of extraction. This article aims to introducing application and principle of the two-gateways parallel 3-D electrical technology and the arrangement of the observation system. The authors use this method to detect the water under the floor of a mine in north of Anhui. The results show that the two-gateways parallel 3-D electrical technology can accurately locate the water-rich areas, providing the basis for drilling drainage and grouting construction.

Application of 3-D Geoscience Modeling Technology for the Estimation of Solid Mineral Reserves

Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.

Improved treatments for evaluating horizontal magnetic components through the 3-D FDM in E-polarization induction problems

To improve the accuracy of the numerical evaluation through the 3-D finite difference method, the surface boundary conditions are added to modify the old program. The author has tested the new program by making calculations for the model constructed by Wanamaker, et al (1984). The comparison between the numerical results obtained from this paper and those by Wannamaker, et al (1984) indicates that a pronounced improvement is realized in the evaluation of the horizontal magnetic components. Moreover, better calculations for the vertical magnetic components are also obtainable by using the new program.

A New Efficient Finite Volume Modeling of Small Amplitude Free Surface Flows with Unstructured Grid

A staggered finite-volume technique for non-hydrostatic, small amplitude free surface flow governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is presented there is a proper balance between accuracy and computing time. The advection and horizontal diffusion terms in the momentum equation are discretized by an integral interpolation method on the orthogonal unstructured staggered mesh and, while it has the attractive property of being conservative. The pressure-correction algorithm is employed for the non-hydrostatic pressure in order to achieve second-order temporal accuracy. A conservative scalar transport algorithm is also applied to discretize k - c equations in this model. The eddy viscosity is calculated from the k-c turbulent model. The resulting model is mass and momentum conservative. The model is verified by two examples to simulate unsteady small amplitude free surface flows where non-hydrostatic pressures have a considerable effect on the velocity field, and then applied to simulate the tidal flow in the Bohai Sea.

微流控技术辅助制备多孔石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)块体及其性能研究

设计了适用于微流控系统的原位生成酸催化聚乙烯醇/戊二醛凝胶反应体系并用于g-C_(3)N_(4)多孔微球粒径与形貌的可控制备,以无机粘结剂和多孔微球为原料实现氚兼容的多孔g-C_(3)N_(4)块体的制备。考察了凝胶组成成分、煅烧模式对微球比表面积与机械强度的影响,以及无机黏合剂质量分数、微球粒径对g-C_(3)N_(4)块体比表面积与机械强度的影响。结果表明,微球粒径对块体材料性能有显著影响,在相同成型黏合剂质量分数下,微球粒径增加79.5%块体材料的比表面积提高205%,而机械强度仅降低了42%。4.5 K低温气体吸附实验结果表明,所制备的g-C_(3)N_(4)多孔块体吸附层对氢气和氦气的选择性系数可达13.02。

高比表面积α-Al_(2)O_(3)在催化剂中的应用及展望

高比表面积α-Al_(2)O_(3)在室温下为热力学不稳定相,合成难度较大。但其表面惰性、机械强度高、水热稳定性高且对活性金属的分散能力强,使其在催化剂载体应用领域具有重要优势。本文总结了高比表面积α-Al_(2)O_(3)制备方法的最新研究进展,介绍了其在催化剂中的应用实例。根据材料特性,对α-Al_(2)O_(3)作为催化剂载体可应用的潜在反应类型进行了展望,为其后续研发和应用提供参考。

超细层状材料A_2La_2Ti_3O_(10)(A=Na,K)的低温合成及表征

s: Ultrafine A2La2Ti3O10 (A=K, Na) powders with laminar structure were successfully synthesized by citric acid sol-gel method using ANO3(A=K, Na)?La(NO3)3?Ti(OBu)4 and citric acid as starting precursors. The crystalline phase of A2La2Ti3O10 can be obtained by thermal decomposition of citrate complex precursors at a relatively low temperature of 800 ℃ (600 ℃ for A=Na), about 300 ℃(500 ℃ for A=Na) lower than that of conventional solid state reaction process. The properties of the citrate precursors and the calcined powders were characterized by Infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal-gravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. Results show that the average size of A2La2Ti3O10 powders obtained by citric acid sol-gel route was reduced to 200 nm×250 nm and the specific surface area was up to 19 m2·g-1. At the same time, the product was with more regular morphological characteristics. The synthesis process and the formation of A2La2Ti3O10 were also discussed. The obtained A2La2Ti3O10 was found to be transformed from A2La2Ti3O9.5 during the formation process.

不整合面和砂体配置对镇北长3及以上低渗透油藏油气富集的影响

通过大量的测井和岩心等资料分析,采用古地貌恢复等方法,探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系和三叠系间的不整合面及砂体的配置关系对镇北地区长3及以上低渗透油藏油气富集的影响。研究表明:前侏罗系古地貌将镇北地区划分为若干个古河流域,每个流域的主河谷深切延长组地层,通过油气运移所形成的低渗透油藏在平面上主要局限于其古河流域内;不整合面为油气运移的主要通道,由于地层纵向相态转化快,油气运移困难,同一古河流域的长3及以上低渗透油藏纵向上主要局限于一个统一的构造附近,即油气主要聚集于不整合面附近古河流域内砂体连片性较好的构造基准域内。

高温高表面氧化铝新材料制备的化学研究Ⅰ.硬水铝石法制高表面α-Al_2O_3

研究了由硬水铝石分解制备高表面α Al2 O3的生成条件 ,以及煅烧温度、时间对高表面α Al2 O3性质的影响规律和添加Si对高表面α Al2 O3热稳定性的影响。结果表明 ,由硬水铝石分解制得的高表面α Al2 O3具有孔容大、孔径小、α相结晶不完善的特点 :高温下高表面α Al2 O3不稳定 ,随煅烧温度增加 ,表面氧原子迁移加剧 ,微孔烧结 ,比表面降低。硅组分的添加能在一定程度上抑制表面氧原子的迁移 ,使α Al2 O3的α相保持完善和抑制微孔的烧结 ,从而增强了高表面α Al2 O3的热稳定性。

从资源3号卫星影像中提取厦门市不透水面信息

不透水面是城市地区的典型特征,不透水面的增加导致了水质恶化、城市热岛效应等一系列生态环境问题.选用高分辨率资源3号遥感影像,利用面向对象的方法,进行厦门市不透水面信息的提取.为突出不透水面的信息,将影像进行主成分变换、提取归一化植被指数和归一化水体指数,将第一主成分、归一化植被指数和归一化水体指数合成为新的影像;根据最小不透水面的面积原则,确定最优的分割尺度,结合形状、光谱等信息,对合成后的影像进行多尺度分割;再在最优尺度分割结果的基础上进行分类,并将阴影作为分类体系中单独一类,获得不透水面、裸土、水体、植被、阴影的分类结果;利用真实世界地物的形状特征和邻近关系特征,对阴影区域进行判别及合并,获得不透水面,并根据实地观测,对提取结果进行精度评价,不透水面提取的精度达80%.

高比表面积有序介孔LaFeO3的制备及其在CO催化氧化中的应用

以介孔为5.6 nm左右的有序介孔氧化硅(KIT-6)为硬模板,六水合硝酸镧、九水合硝酸铁及柠檬酸为混合前驱体,成功制备了高比表面积有序介孔LaFeO 3。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和氮气物理吸附等测试对所合成材料进行了细致表征。结果表明所合成的材料具有超细骨架尺寸(5 nm)、高的结晶度和有序介观结构,其比表面积高达286 m 2/g,孔体积为0.5 cm 3/g,孔径为5.9 nm左右。在内径4 mm的微型反应器内,对所合成有序介孔LaFeO 3进行了CO的催化氧化活性评估。测试结果表明有序介孔LaFeO 3具有较高CO催化氧化活性,显著优于体相LaFeO 3,在消除低浓度的CO气体方面有潜在应用价值。

高纯超细低钠α-Al_2O_3的试制与研究

通过脱硅、除铁、去碱、研磨、分散、分级、分选、煅烧等一系列的机械与化学方法 ,成功地制取了高纯 (Al2 O3 >99 95 % )、超细、低钠 (Na2 O <0 0 1% )α Al2 O3 ,。这种Al2 O3 的粒径全部 <1μm ,平均粒径为 0 32 μm ,比表面积SA=2 86m2 / g ,有效密度大于 3 96g/cm3 。